Ancient Greece and Rome Timeline Cards
ISBN: 978-1-68380-323-2 Subject Matter Experts Michael J. Carter, PhD, Professor, Department of Classics, Brock University Illustration and Photo Credits Title The Parthenon, built 447-432 BC (photo) / Acropolis, Athens, Greece / SGM / Bridgeman Images Chapter 2, Card 1 George Munday/age fotostock/superstock Chapter 2, Card 2 Pantheon/SuperStock Chapter 3 A Spartan hoplite, or heavy armed soldier (gouache on paper), Howat, Andrew (20th Century) / Private Collection / Bridgeman Images Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free: to Share to copy, distribute, and transmit the work to Remix to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge Foundation (www.coreknowledge.org) made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link to this web page: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Copyright 2018 Core Knowledge Foundation www.coreknowledge.org All Rights Reserved. Core Knowledge, Core Knowledge Curriculum Series, Core Knowledge History and Geography and CKHG are trademarks of the Core Knowledge Foundation. Trademarks and trade names are shown in this book strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and are the property of their respective owners. References herein should not be regarded as affecting the validity of said trademarks and trade names. Chapter 4 The Discobolus of Myron. Greek sculpture. From The National Encyclopaedia, published c.1890. / Private Collection / Photo Ken Welsh / Bridgeman Images Chapter 5, Card 1 Leonidas and his troops fighting to the end, English School, (20th century) / Private Collection / Look and Learn / Bridgeman Images Chapter 5, Card 1 Battle of Salamis, Howat, Andrew (20th Century) / Private Collection / Look and Learn / Bridgeman Images Chapter 6 The Parthenon, built 447-432 BC (photo) / Acropolis, Athens, Greece / SGM / Bridgeman Images Chapter 7 Classic Vision/age fotostock/superstock Chapter 8 The Death of Socrates, 1787 (oil on canvas), David, Jacques Louis (1748 1825) / Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA / Bridgeman Chapter 9 Aristotle and Plato: detail of School of Athens, 1510 11 (fresco) (detail of 472), Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino) (1483 1520) / Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City / Bridgeman Images Chapter 10, Card 1 The Battle of Alexander at Issus. Oil painting by the German artist Albrecht Altdorfer (1480 1538). 1529. Detail., Altdorfer, Albrecht (c.1480 1538) / Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany / Photo Tarker / Bridgeman Images Chapter 10, Card 2 Scholars at work in the famed library of Alexandria, Hook, Richard (b.1938) / Private Collection / Look and Learn / Bridgeman Images Chapter 11, Card 1 The early city of Rome, Baraldi, Severino (b.1930) / Private Collection / Look and Learn / Bridgeman Images Chapter 11, Card 2 Iberfoto/SuperStock Chapter 12, Card 2 Hannibal crossing the Alps, English School, (20th century) / Private Collection / Look and Learn / Bridgeman Images Chapter 13, Card 1 Robertharding/SuperStock Chapter 13, Card 2 Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon (colour litho), English School, (20th century) / Private Collection / Look and Learn / Bridgeman Images Chapter 13, Card 3 Debate in the early Roman senate (gouache on paper), Baraldi, Severino (b.1930) / Private Collection / Look and Learn / Bridgeman Images Chapter 14 Emperor Augustus (63 BC-14 AD) (stone), Roman / Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy / Bridgeman Images Chapter 15, Card 1 Triumph of Faith - Christian Martyrs in the Time of Nero, 65 AD (oil on canvas), Thirion, Eugene Romain (1839 1910) / Private Collection / Photo Bonhams, London, UK / Bridgeman Images Chapter 15, Card 2 Emperor Constantine I (c.274 337) the Great (mosaic), Byzantine / San Marco, Venice, Italy / Bridgeman Images Chapter 16 Rome invaded by the Barbarians, Scarpelli, Tancredi (1866 1937) / Private Collection / Look and Learn / Bridgeman Images
CHAPTER 1: The Ancient Greek City-States Map of Ancient Greece, 500 BCE 0 100 miles Agathe Emporium W Delphi Chalcis Thebes Athens Elis Corinth Argos Aegina Olympia Tegea Troezen Megalopolis Pylos PELOPONNESUS Sparta Asini S Kithira N E Massalia Spina Italy Adriatic Sea city-state Greek colony Greek lands EUROPE Callatis Epidamnus Abdera Byzantium Calchedon Cumae Mt. Olympus Tyrrhenian Tarentum Abydos Sea Mytilene ASIA MINOR Phocaea Rhegium Athens Ephesus Pelepon Sicily Ionian Sea Al-Mina Sparta Syracuse Mediterranean Sea Aegean Sea Crete Cyrene Apollonia Barca Naukratis 0 AFRICA 400 miles Thedosia Black Sea Cyprus By 500 BCE, there were dozens of Greek city-states. Big Question: What different forms of government were adopted by various city-states?
Chapter 2: Athens Athens is considered the birthplace of the democratic form of government. Big Question: In what ways was Athenian democracy limited?
CHAPTER 2: Athens The tales contained in the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey are said to have been created by the Greek poet Homer, around the 700s BCE. Big Question: In what ways was Athenian democracy limited?
CHAPTER 3: Sparta The city-state of Sparta emphasized highly disciplined military training. Big Question: Why were Spartan children, especially boys, treated so harshly?
CHAPTER 4: The Olympic Games The Olympic Games began as a festival honoring the god Zeus. In 776 BCE, a footrace was added, followed by other competitions in later years. Big Question: What were the Olympic Games?
CHAPTER 5: The Persian Wars The Spartans joined the Athenians to defeat the Persians in battles at Thermopylae (480 BCE), Salamis (480 BCE), and Plataea (479 BCE). Big Question: Why do you think the Spartans and the Athenians joined together to fight the Persians in the later battles of the Persian Wars?
CHAPTER 6: The Golden Age of Athens Under Pericles s leadership, the Parthenon was built as part of the Acropolis on a hill in Athens to honor the goddess Athena. Construction lasted from 447 BCE to 438 BCE. Big Question: What were some of the cultural achievements during the Golden Age of Athens?
CHAPTER 7: The Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens battled one another for more than twenty-five years during the Peloponnesian War, from 431 404 BCE. Big Question: What events brought about an end to the Golden Age of Athens?
CHAPTER 8: Greek Philosophy and Socrates Socrates, found guilty of misleading the young men of Athens, was sentenced to death in 399 BCE. Big Question: How was Socrates different from earlier Greek philosophers?
CHAPTER 9: Plato and Aristotle The writings of Plato and his student, Aristotle, are still read and studied today. Big Question: What role did philosophers play in ancient Greece, and what were their long-term contributions?
CHAPTER 10: Alexander and the Hellenistic Period This famous painting of the Battle of Issus by the German artist Albrecht Altdorfer shows Alexander the Great s victory in battle over the Persians in 333 BCE. Big Question: How did the success of Alexander the Great as a great military leader contribute to the expansion and influence of Greek culture?
CHAPTER 10: Alexander and the Hellenistic Period Greek culture spread during the Hellenistic Period after Alexander s death, as evidenced by the library in Alexandria, founded in 288 BCE. Big Question: How did the success of Alexander the Great as a great military leader contribute to the expansion and influence of Greek culture?
CHAPTER 11: The Roman Republic Around 400 BCE, Rome consisted of a few thousand farmers living beside the Tiber River. Big Question: Why was the success of Rome and its lands dependent on the success of the Roman army?
CHAPTER 11: The Roman Republic The Roman army conquered all of Italy. By 275 BCE, the city of Rome governed all of Italy. Big Question: Why was the success of Rome and its lands dependent on the success of the Roman army?
CHAPTER 12: The Punic Wars 10 W The First Punic War (264 241 BCE) EUROPE Italy Adriatic Sea In the First Punic War, Rome prevented Carthage from taking over Sicily. 40 N Spain Corsica Rome Balearic Islands Sardinia 40 N Mediterranean Sea Sicily Carthage AFRICA N W E Areas controlled by Carthage Areas controlled by Rome 0 400 miles S 0 10 N Big Question: What were the Punic Wars, and what was the end result?
CHAPTER 12: The Punic Wars During the Second Punic War (218 201 BCE), Hannibal and his army crossed the Alps into Italy but were defeated by the Romans. Big Question: What were the Punic Wars, and what was the end result?
CHAPTER 12: The Punic Wars The End of the Third Punic War (146 BCE) N W E S EUROPE GAUL (FRANCE) Pyrenees Alps Corsica Spain Sardinia Italy Rome Adriatic Sea Greece In the Third Punic War, from 149 146 BCE, the Roman army destroyed the city of Carthage and enslaved the survivors. AFRICA Carthage Area controlled by Rome Area controlled by Carthage 0 400 miles Sicily Mediterranean Sea Big Question: What were the Punic Wars, and what was the end result?
CHAPTER 13: Julius Caesar: A Great Roman From 58 51 BCE, Julius Caesar led the Roman armies in conquering Gaul, the area we now know as France. Big Question: How would you describe the character of Julius Caesar, and what brought about his fall from power?
CHAPTER 13: Julius Caesar: A Great Roman After Caesar crossed the Rubicon in 49 BCE, civil war broke out, with Caesar fighting his former ally, Pompey. Big Question: How would you describe the character of Julius Caesar, and what brought about his fall from power?
CHAPTER 13: Julius Caesar: A Great Roman Although Caesar had the Roman Senate make him dictator for life, he had many enemies and was assassinated in 44 BCE. Big Question: How would you describe the character of Julius Caesar, and what brought about his fall from power?
CHAPTER 14: The Age of Augustus Octavian, who became known as Caesar Augustus, became the first Roman emperor in 27 BCE. Big Question: Why might Augustus have wanted to glorify Rome?
CHAPTER 15: Rome and Christianity Christians were killed by wild animals or were forced to fight for their lives. Big Question: Why was the growth of Christianity originally considered a threat to the Roman Empire?
CHAPTER 15: Rome and Christianity Roman emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and declared Christianity a legal religion in Rome. Big Question: Why was the growth of Christianity originally considered a threat to the Roman Empire?
CHAPTER 16: The Fall of the Roman Empire The Visigoths attacked and plundered Rome. Big Question: What caused the decline and fall of the western Roman Empire?