Egypt and African Societies

Egypt and African Societies

Timeline 9000 BCE Origins of Sudanic Herding 7500 BCE - Origins of Sudanic cultivation 3100 BCE Unification of Egypt (Narmer Palette) 3100 2660 BCE Archaic Period 2660 2160 Old Kingdom 2600 2500 Era of Pyramid building 2040 1640 Middle Kingdom 2000 BCE Beginning of Bantu Migrations 1550 1070 BCE New Kingdom 1353 1335 Reign of Akhenaten

Geography River flows NORTH, so Upper Egypt is in the South and Lower Egypt is in the North

The Nile River o World s Longest River at 4,160 miles long o Flows throughout Africa to the Mediterranean Sea o 2 major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile o Floods regularly in a predictable pattern that made harvest and farming easier o Floodplain is the area that is covered by rich silt for agriculture

The Nile and Agriculture 9000 BCE: eastern Sudan people began to domesticate cattle Egypt and Nubia relied heavily on the Nile by 5000 BCE Summer = Planting Winter and Early Spring = Harvest

Unification of Egypt Narmer Dates of Egyptian rule: Unified politically in around 3150 BCE. Ptolemy family ruled as Pharaohs until 30 BC when it became a Roman province.

Old Kingdom 2660 2160 BCE first notable king was Djoser Age of the Pyramids

Pyramids & Giza Built between 2600 2500 BCE Not all Egyptians built pyramids! Djoser built the Step Pyramid Snefru built 3 Pyramids: Bent, Red, Meidum Khufu built the Great Pyramid

Egypt and Nubia First Capital of Kingdom of Kush - Kerma Expeditions of Harkhuf

Middle Kingdom 2040 1640 BCE Intermediate Periods The Hyksos Foreigners from Southwest Asia, SEMITIC people, called Hyksos by Egyptians 1674 BCE Hyksos captured Memphis

New Kingdom Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt Several interesting pharaohs at this time; we will cover 5: Hatshepsut Thutmosis III Akhenaten Tutankamun Ramses II

Hatshepsut

Thutmosis III Where have you seen this?

Akhenaten

Tutankhamun

Ramses II (The Great)

Revived Kingdom of Kush

Review: Africa, Pt 1. Who unified Egypt? (2 names) What are the dates of Egyptian rule of Egypt? Upper Egypt is in the, Lower Egypt is in the. What are the dates of The Old Kingdom? Who built the Great Pyramid? What can we learn from the picture of Nubian? The first capital of Kush was called. The later capital was. What does the story of Harkuf s expedition tell us? Semitic people from Southwest Asia who invaded Egypt using chariots were the. Tell me something about the following New Kingdom Pharaohs: Hatshepsut Tutankhamun Thutmosis III Akhenaten Ramses II

Homework Assignment 1 This is on D2L Email me if you have any questions Please use proper essay/sentence format FOLLOW ALL DIRECTIONS

Egypt and African Societies, Pt. 2

Complex Society and Culture Social Classes Women Daily life Economics and Trade Art Writing and Language Religion Government It is important to remember that these were PEOPLE!

Cities Important Cities : Memphis Thebes Tanis Heliopolis Akhetaten Meroe Napata Kerma

Social Classes Patriarchy ruled by adult males

Women

Government Theocracy Divine Kingship Vizier Second in command Crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt, unified Not called pharaoh until the New Kingdom!

Daily Life

Economics and Trade The temple was the center of trade and economics as well as religion. Punt and Byblos were two of the most important cities for trade with Egypt.

Writing Hieroglyphs = symbols Hieratic = script Merotic = untranslated Nubian script

Writing your name in hieroglyphs

Egyptian Religion Horus Amun Ra Polytheistic: belief in many gods Henotheistic: many gods, but one is strongest

Cult of Osiris Anubis = god of mummification

Akhenaten s Religious Reforms New Capital: Akhetaten Aten = sundisc Monotheistic or Henotheistic?

Nubian Religion Apedemak and Sebiumeker

Bantu Migrations By 3000 BCE slowly spread through African forest By 2000 BCE expanded to Congo River Basin & East to lakes Language changed over time into over 500 related dialects. Today over 90 million people speak Bantu language NOT mass migrations but change over time through interaction and intermarriage By 1000 CE Bantu-speakers occupied almost all of Africa south of the Sahara

Review Rule by adult males is called. The second in command to the pharaoh was called the. Rule by a divine king chosen by a god is called. What is the system of symbols used for Egyptian writing called? The script? Nubia s writing system? Name these gods: Egyptian: Sun, Creator/protector, Kingship, Sun disc, Underworld, Mummification Nubian: Creator/protector, War The belief in many gods is called. The belief in many gods with one who is supreme over the others is called. Bantu migrations resulted in over dialects of Bantu languages.