2016 ACI/IPI Parking SURVEY RESULTS Prepared for Airports Council International-North America and International Parking Institute by InterVISTAS Consulting, Inc. March 2017
Table of Contents 1. Survey Background and Purpose 2. Survey Participants 3. Survey Methodology and Limitations 4. Importance of Airport Parking Revenues 5. Gross Parking Revenues 6. Public Parking Space Inventory 7. Public Parking Products 8. Parking Revenues and Transactions 8. Operation of Parking Facilities 9. Payment Types 10. Employee Parking 11. Cell Phone Lot 12. Parking Security 13. Shuttle Buses 14. Off-Airport Parking 15. Sources for Additional Information
Survey Background and Purpose Since 1970, Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA) has conducted surveys of airport parking every three to five years. The survey results include data describing parking spaces, revenues and transactions, and the resources and methods used to operate parking facilities and shuttle buses, and collect revenues. The results have been useful to airport staff, consultants, and others when comparing parking operations. This year ACI-NA once again conducted the survey in cooperation with the International Parking Institute (IPI). This cooperative effort resulted in a survey that focused on the specific needs of the airport staff responsible for parking operations on a day-to-day basis. InterVISTAS volunteered to lead the actual survey effort and summarize the results under the guidance of an Advisory Committee. The members of the Technical Advisory Committee are: Dorothy Harris (Chair) Ferdinando Colavita Armin Cruz Michael Huggins Gary Myers Bill O Reilly Lisa Ransom Lenard Robinson Katie Stanciel Christopher Oswald Aneil Patel Shawn Conrad Denver International Airport Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport Portland International Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Albany International Airport Cincinnati Northern Kentucky International Airport Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport Airports Council International-North America Airports Council International-North America International Parking Institute 1
Survey Participants Nearly 60% of all Large and Medium Hub airports participated The staff of the largest 150 airports (ranked by the number of originating passengers) in the U.S. and 9 selected airports in Canada were invited to participate. Of those invited to participate, surveys were completed by staff at: Large Hubs Medium Hubs Response rate by hub category: 56% 58% 17 of the 30 Large Hub U.S. airports Small Hubs 37% 15 of the 30 Medium Hub U.S. airports 26 of the 72 Small Hub U.S. airports 8 of the 9 Canadian airports* Non-hubs 22% * For analysis purposes, one Canadian airport was grouped with U.S. Large Hub airports, 6 with U.S. Medium Hub airports, and one with U.S. Small Hub airports 2
Survey Participants by FAA Region 8 / 9 2 / 3 7 / 14 6 / 17 1 / 6 Responses were received from every FAA region Responses were received from eight Canadian airports 10 / 26 6 / 19 3 / 7 20 / 39 5 = airports that responded 15 = airports invited to respond 7 / 19 3
Survey Methodology and Limitations Survey Methodology The Technical Advisory Committee reviewed prior ACI-NA / IPI parking surveys and determined what data are most useful to airport parking operators. Under the guidance of the Technical Advisory Committee, InterVISTAS prepared and conducted the survey using a web-based survey tool. A pilot survey was conducted to test the survey instrument and questions. The final survey was distributed to the individuals responsible for parking operations at the largest 150 airports in the United States and 9 selected airports Canada in September 2016 with responses received from over 70 airports by December 2016. This report summarizes the responses provided by representatives of 70 airports that provided sufficient valuable data. The number of responses to each question varies, as some airports did not respond fully to each question. The resulting data were reviewed and minor edits made to remove obvious errors. The summarized data are presented in the following pages. Limitations of Data The resulting data should be used carefully, recognizing the limited sample size, particularly when comparing data by hub size. The data excludes parking activity and revenues occurring in privately operated off-airport parking facilities. Finally, the data represents the actual responses provided by each participating airport and is thus limited by the accuracy of these data. The annual originating airline passenger data used in this report were obtained from the FAA OD1A database for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2015, to correspond to the parking transaction and revenue data provided by the individual airports. The originating airline passenger data include both local residents, who generate parking demands, and non-residents who do not. Airports that primarily serve resident passengers have different parking characteristics than those having a high proportions of non-resident passengers (e.g., Orlando International Airport). 4
Why Parking Revenue is Important to Airports Landside revenues including parking, ground transportation and rental cars represent approximately 60% of all non-aeronautical revenues Total 2015 Operating Revenues for all U.S. Airports (in millions) Total Operating Revenue: $19,826 Total Non-Aeronautical Revenue: $9,105 Food and Beverage, $659, 7% Hotel, $135, *Services, 2% $468, 5% Aeronautical Revenue $10,721 54% Non- Aeronautical Revenue $9,105 46% Retail and Duty Free, $742, 8% Land and Non- Terminal, $692, 8% Other, $890, 10% Rental cars, $1,748, 19% Parking and Ground Transportation, $3,771, 41% Source: FAA, AAS-400, CATS Report 127. * Includes revenues for services such as telecommunications, internet access, advertising, barbershops, shoeshine stands, spas, and revenues from other non-aeronautical terminal uses not otherwise listed. 5
Gross Revenues $200.00 $180.00 Gross Revenues (Millions) $160.00 $140.00 $120.00 $100.00 $80.00 $60.00 $40.00 = data point significantly different from others Median gross revenue: Large Hubs: $63.4 million Medium Hubs: $21.4 million Small Hubs: $9.2 million Non-hubs: $0.6 million $20.00 $0.00 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs These revenue data are influenced by: Number of potential customers at each airport Parking rates at each airport, which vary by community and region Parking duration (length of stay) patterns at each airport Proportion of customers choosing to park rather being dropped off / picked up at the curbside or using other airport access modes Availability of privately-operated off-airport parking operators 6
Public Parking Space Inventory Number of Parking Spaces (Thousands) 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Most Large and Medium Hub airports provide more than 7,000 spaces 21,700 10,500 3,400 x,xxx = median = data point significantly different from others Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs 1,500 Share of Responding Airports At 19% of airports, over 30% of the parking supply is off-airport 32% 24% 16% 11% 5% 8% Off-airport share of total public parking supply 3% 3% These public parking space data reflect: The number of parking spaces provided rather than number required at each airport. For airport capacity (left chart), only the parking spaces located on the airport. At some airports, many of the long-term economy spaces are located off the airport in privately operated lots (right chart). Thus, estimates of future needs prepared using inventory data may under-estimate public parking space needs. 7
Public Parking Space Inventory Smaller airports typically provide more spaces per passenger Total Number of Spaces (thousands) 100 10 1 Originating Passengers vs. Total Spaces 0.1 0.1 1 10 100 Originating Passengers (millions) Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs Median public parking spaces per 1,000 originating passengers: Large Hubs: 1.6 spaces Medium Hubs: 3.5 spaces Small Hubs: 3.2 spaces Non-hubs: 4.5 spaces Sample size: Large Hubs = 10 airports Medium Hubs = 10 airports Small Hubs = 14 airports Non-hubs = 3 airports These data indicate spaces per airline passenger that are provided rather than the spaces actually required to meet demand. Parking Spaces per 1,000 Originating Passengers 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs 8
Public Parking Products Over 75% of Large and Medium Hubs, and over 50% of Small Hubs, provide parking in structures 17% of responding airports indicated availability of one or more premium products, including products offering reservations, memberships, and guaranteed spaces 35% of responding airports provide special rates for disabled parkers, 23% provide special rates for military veterans or disabled military veterans Percent of Hubs Offering the Following Products in Parking Structures Percent of Hubs Offering the Following Products in Surface Lots 56% 45% 85% 78% 56% 25% 83% 80% 48% 50% 33% 35% 22% 19% 17% 75% 74% 75% 70% 44% 40% 78% 67% 60% 25% 7% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% 5% Valet Short-term Long-term Economy Large Hubs Medium Hubs Short Hubs Non-hubs Valet Short-term Long-term Economy Large Hubs Medium Hubs Short Hubs Non-hubs 9
Transactions per Originating Passenger On average, airports reported 352 transactions per 1,000 originating passengers 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Median public parking spaces per 1,000 originating passengers: Large Hubs: 232 transactions Medium Hubs: 247 transactions Small Hubs: 466 transactions Chart excludes data point for DFW (1,472 transactions per 1,000 passengers), which processed over 12 million transactions for vehicles that did not park. At DFW, all to access the airport terminals. Sample size: Large Hubs = 16 airports Medium Hubs = 12 airports Small Hubs = 18 airports The data for these public parking transactions reflect: Only parking transactions occurring on the airport The proportion of short-duration versus longduration customers at each airport. Airports with more short-duration customers will have more transactions per passenger 10
Revenues and Transactions by Parking Product Transactions by Product Revenue by Product 52.9% 49.7% 42.6% Short-term 15.9% 24.0% 35.6% 35.6% 26.3% 25.0% Long-term 36.6% 47.6% 57.2% 19.6% 15.3% 14.2% Economy 15.7% 15.7% 25.2% 1.1% 1.8% 0.4% Valet Valet 3.3% 2.6% 3.0% Large Hub 0.0% Reserved 0.0% Medium Hubs 10.4% 5.1% 0.0% Other Other 0.1% 8.0% 9.5% Small Hubs Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs The largest proportion of Other transactions and revenue consists of vehicles entering DFW that do not park. At DFW, all vehicles must pass through the parking entry and exit plazas to access the airport terminals. Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Average Revenue per Transaction by Product Type Valet Short-term Long-term Economy Large Hubs $73.46 $8.70 $46.21 $46.14 Medium Hubs $54.72 $16.46 $46.97 $34.27 Small Hubs $127.36 $6.84 $31.56 $24.74 Combined $77.46 $10.22 $40.81 $37.00 11
Operation of Parking Facilities Over 70% of airports use a contractor for parking operations and of those, most employ management agreements Large Hubs Medium Hubs By Airport 17% By Contractor 83% Concession Agreement 6% Other 7% Management Agreement 87% By Airport 15% By Contractor 85% Concession Agreement 6% Management Agreement 53% Other 41% Small Hubs By Airport 29% By Contractor 71% Concession Agreement 30% Other 5% Management Agreement 65% Of airports offering valet parking, 60% operate valet parking through their overall parking management contractor and 40% use a separate contractor. 12
Operation of Parking Facilities Most airports oversee parking operations, facility maintenance, and contracts, through their finance/business department Operations Finance/Business* Multiple Departments Facility Maintenance Public Parking Operations 34% 57% Parking Contract Management 14% 16% 70% Parking Facility/Equipment Maintenance (or Maintenance Contractor) 22% 21% 40% 9% 18% Shuttle Bus Operations (or Shuttle Bus Contractor) 36% 51% Employee Parking Operations 42% 2% 48% Taxis, Limos, and Other Ground Transportation Services 40% 49% 13% 8% 12% *Includes Finance, Properties, Concessions, and/or Commercial Development 13
Cost of Parking Operations Average Cost per Passenger Average Cost per Transaction $0.83 $0.77 $0.67 $0.35 Total Operating Costs $3.34 $4.59 $4.49 $5.61 $0.29 $0.36 $0.43 $0.28 Personnel $1.92 $1.98 $2.80 $5.39 $0.37 $0.28 $0.12 $0.05 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs Methods of reporting operating costs and responsibilities vary widely among airports. Costs also reflect local conditions (especially snow), age and size of parking facilities, and the proportion of spaces in parking structures versus surface parking lots. Maintenance (Excluding Labor) $0.38 $0.65 $1.13 $2.20 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs Average operating costs as a share of gross revenues: Large Hubs 18% Medium Hubs 22% Small Hubs 30% Non-hubs 27% Large Hub Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-Hubs 14
Payment Type Over 45% of the exits occur in staffed lanes; over 65% of revenue is paid using credit cards Share of Transactions by Payment Type Staffed - Cash/Check Staffed - Credit/Debit Pay-on-Foot Ticket In/Credit Out Credit In/Out Monthly Access Card AVI (toll) Other 4.0% 4.0% 1.2% 1.3% 0.1% 1.3% 3.8% 0.4% 16.3% 10.3% 16.7% 8.5% 18.6% 7.3% 7.2% 11.5% 11.7% 12.0% 15.4% 23.7% 23.2% 24.3% 30.1% 30.3% 29.5% 38.5% 49.0% Large Hub Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs Share of Revenues by Payment Type Cash Check Credit/Debit Prepaid AVI (toll) Other 12.8% 12.1% 10.5% 0.6% 0.6% 6.8% 0.8% 0.1% 6.9% 4.1% 1.8% 6.7% 6.4% 8.8% 17.3% 25.0% 65.3% 64.5% 73.0% 76.0% 15
Employee Parking Over 90% of employee spaces were walkable at 17% of Large Hubs, 36% of Medium Hubs, and 58% of Small Hubs Employee Parking Spaces Walkable to Terminal Area Employee Parking Spaces Require Shuttle 14,000 14,000 12,000 12,000 10,000 10,000 8,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 6,000 4,000 = data point significantly different from others 2,000 2,000 0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs 0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs 16
Employee Parking Fees Monthly employee parking fees typically vary between $50 and $100 at Large Hub airports and $0 to $50 at Medium and Small hub airports Airport Staff Based/Domiciled Airlines Employees Non-Based/Non-Domiciled Airlines Employees $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $100 $80 $60 $40 $100 $80 $60 $40 $10 $20 $20 $0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs $0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs $0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Tenants/Concessionaires (Non-Federal, Non-Airline) FAA & Customs and Border Protection Transportation Security Administration $100 $100 $100 $80 $80 $80 $60 $40 $20 $60 $40 $20 $60 $40 $20 = data point significantly different from others $0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs $0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs $0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs 17
Cell Phone Lot Almost all responding Large and Medium Hub airports have cell phone lots Airports with cell phone lots: 93% of Large Hubs 92% of Medium Hubs 71% of Small Hubs 33% of Non-hubs Number of Parking Spaces In Cell Phone Lot 600 500 400 300 200 Cell Phone Lot Capacity = data point significantly different from others 100 0 Large Hubs Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs 18
Parking Security Use of security measures by airports at public and employee parking facilities by percent of airports using each measure Public Parking 57% 100% 100% 92% 86% 50% 42% 36% 79% 50% 29% 83% 79% 64% 67% 33% 33% 25% 21% 14% 93% 100% 58% 57% 57% 50% 42% 67% 21% Large Hub Medium Hubs Small Hubs Non-hubs 8% 7% 33% 64% 67% 42% 36% 7% Cameras Armed Patrols Unarmed Patrols Random Patrols Scheduled Patrols Vehicular Patrols Foot Patrols Horseback/bicycle Patrols Cameras Armed Patrols Unarmed Patrols Random Patrols Scheduled Patrols Vehicular Patrols Foot Patrols Cameras Armed Patrols Unarmed Patrols Random Patrols Scheduled Patrols Vehicular Patrols Foot Patrols Horseback Bicycle Patrols CCTV None CCTV None Horseback/bicycle 0% Patrols CCTV 0% None Employee Parking 33% 36% 29% 33% 42% 8% 14% 25% 33% 23% 25% 29% 33% 15% 0% 7% 29% 42% 33% 8% 62% 75% 54% 67% 67% 79% 62% 85% 64% 67% 83% 57% 67% 67% 77% 69% 19
Shuttle Bus Service Airports with shuttle bus service to public or employee parking facilities: 93% of Large Hub airports 71% of Medium Hub airports 29% of Small Hub airports 0% of Non-hub airports Service hours: Of 21 reporting airports, 20 operated shuttle buses 24 hours per day Average headways for airport parking shuttle vehicles Up to 5 minutes: 38% 5 to 10 minutes: 48% Over 10 minutes: 14% Seating capacity of airport parking shuttle vehicles Up to 15 seats: 36% 16 to 29 seats: 41% 30 seats and up: 23% 20
Shuttle Bus Operations Parking shuttle bus contracts: Of 18 responding Large and Medium Hub airports, 5 have an agreement directly with a shuttle bus operator, 11 contract shuttle bus service through their parking operator, and 2 self-operate the shuttle buses Of 4 responding Small Hub airports, 1 has an agreement directly with a shuttle bus operator and 3 contract shuttle bus service through their parking operator Vehicle purchase and maintenance: Of 22 responding airports, 15 were responsible for vehicle purchases, 6 used their shuttle operator for vehicle purchases, and 1 used both approaches. Of 22 responding airports, 9 were responsible for vehicle maintenance and 13 used their shuttle operator for vehicle maintenance Fuel used for parking shuttle buses: Regular fuel (diesel or gasoline) is used by 22% of Large Hub airports and 75% of Medium and Small Hub airports CNG is used by 67% of Large Hub airports, 13% of Medium Hub airports, and 25% of Small Hub airports One Large Hub airport reported using Bio-diesel and one Medium Hub airport reported using electric vehicles 21
Off-Airport Parking Airports charging off-airport parking operator privilege fees (i.e., percent of gross revenues) Large Hub Airports Sample size = 19 Medium Hub Airports Sample size = 21 Small Hub Airports Sample size = 27 Did not respond 31.6% No 31.6% Yes 36.8% Did not respond 52.4% Yes 23.8% No 23.8% Did not respond 85.2% Yes 11.1% No 3.7% Of airports charging off-airport parking privilege fees, 73% charge a fee calculated as 10% of the business gross parking revenues. Other airports charge a lower percentage or vary the percentage based on an operator s annual revenues. 22
Sources for Additional Information Airports Council International-North America Aneil Patel Director, Air Policy apatel@aci-na.org Christopher Oswald Vice President, Safety and Regulatory Affairs coswald@aci-na.org International Parking Institute Shawn Conrad, CAE Chief Executive Officer conrad@parking.org Dorothy Harris, CAPP (Chair, Airport Parking Survey Advisory Committee) Senior Vice President, Parking and Transportation Systems, Denver International Airport Dorothy.Harris@flydenver.com InterVISTAS Consulting Inc. Peter Mandle Executive Vice President peter.mandle@intervistas.com Gavin Duncan Senior Vice President gavin.duncan@intervistas.com This report was prepared by the following InterVISTAS staff: Stephanie Box, Gavin Duncan, Peter Mandle, Derek Marazzo. 23