MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN MALAYSIA AB RAHIM GOR YAMAN Director, Division of Planning and Management Department of Marine Park Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment abrahim@nre.gov.my
History of MPA PRESENTATION CONTENT MPA location and size Institutional arrangement Financial arrangement Strategic and Management Plans Threats Enforcement surveillance Total economic valuation Management effectiveness assessment
Background - Malaysia Maritime Continental Shelf: 200 m depth at South China Sea Territorial Waters: 12 nautical miles EEZ: 200 nautical miles East Coast Peninsular - 117,892 km 2 Area Terrestrial: 328,550 km 2 Coastline: 4,384 km Peninsular East Malaysia 1,823 km 2,561 km West Coast Peninsular - 31,597 km 2 Sabah & Sarawak - 303,697 km 2 TOTAL = 453,186 km 2 FAO Fisheries Statistic Area: 71
HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF MARINE PARK MALAYSIA 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010- present Establishment of 22 islands as Fisheries Prohibited Areas under Department of Fisheries Malaysia (DOFM) Marine Park Unit was established under DOFM Gazette and re-gazette of 40 Fisheries Prohibited Areas as Marine Parks Establishment of DMPM under MNRE to manage 42 Marine Parks in Malaysia Establishment of two Marine Parks in Terengganu waters Formulation of Policies and Management Plans for Marine Parks DMPM forged closer collaborations with local communities, NGOs and local Universities
MARINE PARK AREA IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
MARINE PROTECTED AREAS SABAH
MARINE PROTECTED AREAS SARAWAK
MPA IN MALAYSIA Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Target = 10% marine protected area Status in Malaysia = 1.4% NO TYPE OF MPA NO OF MPA 1 Marine Parks 42 AREA (km 2 ) 2,486 Fisheries Prohibited Areas 7 2 National MPA under Sabah Parks and Sabah Wildlife Department 3 National MPA under Sarawak Forestry Department 6 1,038 3 2,239 4 Mangrove Forest Reserve 820.91 TOTAL 6,454.91
FISHERIES CONSERVATION ZONE Declared in June 2014. No take zone Width of 1 nautical. miles from the coast of 4 states covering 1,337 sq. km.
Item Malaysia Maritime Area Under Conservation Area (sq. km) Malaysia Maritime Area 453,186.00 Percentage of Malaysia Maritime Area Under Conservation Cumulative Total Percentage of Malaysia Maritime Area Under Conservation MPA and Fisheries 6,583.91 1.452 1.452 Protected Area and mangrove area Fisheries Conservation Area 1,337.00 0.295 1.747
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT National Level MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY COUNCIL MARINE PARK AND MARINE RESERVES TRUST FUND DEPARTMENT OF MARINE PARK MALAYSIA NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR MARINE PARK AND MARINE RESERVES State Level DMPM PAHANG DMPM TERENGGANU DMPM JOHOR DMPM KEDAH DMPM WP LABUAN STATE STEERING COMMITTEE Local/ Community Level DMPM DISTRICT OFFICE BESUT COMMUNITY CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE
ESTABLISHMENT OF MARINE PARK CENTRES PAYAR ISLAND 1989 REDANG ISLAND 1990 TIOMAN ISLAND 1994 TINGGI ISLAND 1999 PERHENTIAN ISLAND 2000 AUR ISLAND 2014
FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT Three sources of Federal Funding: MPA Trust Fund Development Fund Operating Fund Sustainable Financing Establishment of MPA Trust Fund 1987 Launching grant RM 10 million Annual grant from 1988-1998 Revenue from Conservation Fee started since 2003
FORMULATION OF MARINE PARK MANAGEMENT PLANS 1. Management Plan for Redang Island Marine Park 1991 2. Conceptual Marine Park Management Plan 1993 3. National Coral Reef Action Plan 2008 4. Marine Park Strategic Action Plans 2005-2010 5. Marine Park Strategic Action Plans 2011-2015 6. Marine Park Management Plans a)redang Island 2013 b)tioman Island 2013 c) Sibu-Tinggi Island 2013
Threats to MPA Coastal development Over exploitation and destructive fishing practices Marine pollution Land based sources of pollution Recreational activities Coral diseases and crown-of-thorns
CORAL REEF STATUS IN MALAYSIAN WATERS Percentage live coral cover (hard + soft coral) Using Reef Check survey methodology YEAR 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 AVERAGE 45.57 52.30 49.96 44.31 42.57 46.37 48.33 48.11
RESEARCH AND MONITORING No Research Activities 1 Resource monitoring and inventory 2 Water quality monitoring 3 Reef rehabilitation programme 4 Carrying capacity study on Marine Park Islands 5 Economic Evaluation studies on Marine Park Islands 6 Biological and ecological studies of marine endangered species 7 Habitat mapping of marine park waters
NUMBER OF ARREST CASES
TOURISTS ARRIVAL TO MARINE PARKS 2004-2014
ECONOMIC VALUE OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM IN MALAYSIA NO REFER5ENCE (STUDY) VALUE (RM)/YEAR 1 Investigating The Total Economic Value in Pulau Payar Marine Park, 2011 2 Estimating Total Economic Value (TEV) Of Labuan Marine Park, 2012 RM 174 million RM 39.6 million 3 Investigating The Total Economic Value in Pulau Redang Marine Park, Terengganu, 2012 4 Assessment Of The Management Effectiveness & Investigating The Total Economic Value Of Eco-tourism, Pulau Tioman, Pahang RM 334 million RM 3.4 billion 12/1/2015 28
NO MARINE PARK MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT STUDY MPA MPA MEAT LEVEL MPA MEAT LEVEL 1 Payar Islands 4 Institutionalized 2 Tioman Islands 4 Institutionalized 3 Redang Island 4 Institutionalized 4 Tinggi Islands 4 Institutionalized 5 Perhentian Islands 3 Sustained 6 Labuan Island 0 Established
CONCLUSIONS Malaysia has come a long way in conserving our invaluable marine resources. It is important for Malaysia to be accepted as member of ICRI to enable us to learn from members of ICRI, in our effort to increase the management capacity of MPAs as we have to achieve various international obligations and to sustain the benefits of our marine resources.
SIBU ISLAND, JOHOR THANK YOU