Wärtsilä 20 Dual Fuel (DF) Engine Presentation

List of contents 1. Wärtsilä 20DF engine main features and technical data 2. Wärtsilä dual-fuel engine portfolio and technology 3. Emission legislation 4. Dual-fuel engine and Wärtsilä 20 references 2 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Wärtsilä 20DF features Dual-fuel engine - gas and liquid fuel Otto principle at gas operation Pilot fuel for ignition of gas Efficiency >40% Low emissions, thanks to: - Clean fuel - Lean burn combustion Low gas pressure Double wall gas piping Embedded automation system 3 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Wärtsilä 20DF main technical data Marine generating sets Marine main engines Cylinder bore [mm] 200 200 Piston stroke [mm] 280 280 Engine speed [rpm] 1000 / 1200 1200 Piston speed [m/s] 9.3 / 11.2 11.2 Mean effective pressure [bar] 20 20 Output per cylinder [kw] 146/176 176 Cylinder configurations 6L, 8L, 9L 6L, 8L, 9L 4 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Wärtsilä 20DF Power Range DG set 50Hz (1000rpm) and 60Hz (1200rpm) Mechanical propulsion CPP 1200rpm 5 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Wärtsilä 20DF Dimensions & Weights Dimensions (mm), Weights (tonnes) Engine Type A* E I* K L* Weight* 6L20DF 5325 2070 900/980/1030 1800 2688 17 8L20DF 6030 2070 1030/1080 1800 2824 20,9 9L20DF 6535 2300 1080/1130 1800 2874 24 Dimensions (mm), Weights (tonnes) Engine Type A* A B F C D Weight* 6L20DF 3254 3108 1698 624 1829 1800 9,5 8L20DF 3973 3783 1815 624 1963 1800 11,2 9L20DF 4261 4076 1799 624 1963 1800 11,8 Dimensions and weights are guidance values D: Minimum height from crankshaft centreline when removing a piston 6 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Dual-fuel engine - operating principle Gas mode: Ex. In. Ex. In. Ex. In. Otto principle ** ** Low-pressure gas admission * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * Pilot diesel injection Intake of air and gas Compression of air and gas Ignition by pilot diesel fuel Ex. In. Ex. In. Ex. In. Diesel mode: Diesel principle Diesel injection Intake of air Compression of air Injection of diesel fuel 7 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Operating modes Gas mode Natural gas + MDO pilot Automatic and instant trip to diesel operation in alarm/emergency situation Transfer to diesel operation at any load on request Diesel mode MDO/HFO + MDO pilot Operated as an ordinary diesel engine Transfer to gas operation at any load below 80% Pilot fuel injection in operation also during diesel mode operation Engine Load 100% 80% 15% Transfer between modes without power interruption Gas mode Diesel mode 8 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Engine Control Principle Energy released to ignite the gas-air mixture is about 1000 times higher with a pilot fuel injection compared to other ignition alternatives High compression and optimum fuel control ensure high engine efficiency 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 BMEP [ bar ] Knocking Operating window 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 Air / Fuel ratio Optimum performance for all cylinders Misfiring Thermal efficiency [ % ] NOx emissions [ g / kw h ] 9 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Air-fuel ratio control Correct air amount into the cylinders needed to get the optimal combustion and engine performance Too rich => knocking Too lean => misfire Exhaust wastegate Exhaust P I UNIC Load Speed Humidity Several input parameters used for wastegate control giving same engine performance regardless of changing ambient conditions Air T P 10 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Optimised Cylinder Load Balancing Engine control and cylinder load balancing based on cylinder pressure sensors First achievements: Increased safety More reliable knock detection Real misfire detection Maximum cylinder pressure control Gas operation on all EIAPP load points (including 10%) Wärtsilä recommend liquid fuel on lower loads as it is a better fuel for low load operation Future targets: Automatic engine de-rating control Improved fault detection/ diagnostics for preventive maintenance Increase of load and efficiency due to better engine control and possibility to run closer to maximum cylinder pressure and knock limits 11 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Cylinder Pressure Sensors 30% reduction in peak pressure fluctuation increased safety improved performance No cylinder pressure balancing With cylinder pressure balancing 12 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Fuel gas system Gas admission controlled with gas admission valve on each cylinder The valve is a direct actuated solenoid valve and controlled by the engine control system Gas pressure regulation and filtration in engine external system 13 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Fuel System in Cylinder Head Double Wall Gas Piping Gas valve electrical connection Injection valve electrical connection Main fuel quill pipe Pilot fuel quill pipe Gas manifold Gas bellows Fine filter Gas valve Gas nozzle Pilot fuel common rail 900bar Main fuel injection pipe Main fuel injection pump Inlet valve Twin nozzle injection valve 14 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Gas Fuel System Double Wall Piping Compared to single-wall gas piping, the requirements to the ship s engine room with respect to gas detection, ventilation, etc., become less stringent with double-wall gas piping, making the engine room less complex and thus cheaper to build. Gas inlet Venting valve 15 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Low Operating Costs High thermal efficiency Low lube oil consumption Long component lifetimes Fuel versatility Low emission level 16 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Wärtsilä Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine Engine Portfolio 20 0 5 10 15 4 6 8-9 26 6 8 9 12-16 6 7 8 9 12 16 18 38 6 8 9 12-16 46 6 8 9 12 16-18 46 64 6 7 8-9 18 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Wärtsilä Dual-Fuel Engine Portfolio 20DF 6L20DF 1.0 MW 8L20DF 1.4 MW 9L20DF 1.6 MW 34DF 6L34DF 2.7 MW 50DF 9L34DF 4.0 MW 12V34DF 5.4 MW 16V34DF 7.2 MW 20V34DF 9.0 MW 6L50DF 5.85 MW 8L50DF 7.8 MW 9L50DF 8.8 MW Higher output for 60Hz / Main engines 12V50DF 11.7 MW 16V50DF 15.6 MW 19 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation 18V50DF 0 5 10 15 17.55 MW

Machinery concepts gas fuel supply system Bunkerin g station DF-engine Gas valve unit LNG / gas treatment Storage tank 20 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

DF Engine Technology is Inherent Redundant The Dual Fuel technology give the following advantages: A disturbance in gas mode leads to an automatic and instant switch-over to diesel mode and continued operation at desired load/speed In case of malfunction of external gas supply or lack of gas, the vessel has the flexibility to operate on diesel fuel Can be operated on liquid fuel outside ECA-area, even HFO Operation in ECA area in case of failure: Operation on pure liquid fuel resulting from restricted gas supply in cases of failures shall be exempted for the voyage to the next appropriate port for the repair of the failure. (MEPC 58/23/Add.1 ANNEX 14) 21 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

IMO sulphur limits 4,5% 4,5 4,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 1,5 1,0 1,0 0,5 0,1 67% 78% 71% 86% 97% 3,5% World 78% 97% 1,5% 1,0% 0,5% 0,1% SECA EU in ports 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 23 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

NO x reduction IMO requirements and methods Specific NO x emissions (g/kwh) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 Dry/Wet Methods Selective Catalytic Reduction 2 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Rated engine speed (rpm) Tier I (present) Ships built 2000 onwards Engines > 130 kw Retrofit: Ships built 1990 2000 Engines > 90 litres/cylinder and > 5000 kw Tier II (global 2011) Ships built 2011 onwards Engines > 130 kw Tier III (ECAs 2016) Ships in designated areas, 2016 onwards Engines > 130 kw Wärtsilä dual-fuel technology 24 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Emission control areas Proliferation of ECA areas is expected in the next future 25 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation existing ECAs: Baltic Sea, North Sea Most used trading routes planned ECAs: Coasts of USA, Hawaii and Canada discussed ECAs: Coasts of Mexico, Coasts of Alaska and Great Lakes, Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea, Australia, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea (2014), Tokyo Bay (in 2015)

List of contents 1. Emission legislation 2. Wärtsilä dual-fuel engine portfolio and technology 3. Wärtsilä 20DF engine main features and technical data 4. Dual-fuel engine and Wärtsilä 20 references 26 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Dual-fuel engine references Wärtsilä 32DF / 34DF Petrojarl 1 FPSO Petrojarl 2x Wärtsilä 18V32DF 2x 32 000 running hours Viking tbn (Gass Avant) hull 29 DF-electric offshore supply vessel Eidesvik West Contractors 4x Wärtsilä 6R32DF Ship delivery 2007 Sendje Ceiba FPSO Bergesen 1x Wärtsilä 18V32DF 18 000 running hours Viking tbn (Gass Avant) hull 30 DF-electric offshore supply vessel Eidesvik West Contractors 4x Wärtsilä 6R32DF Ship delivery 2008 Viking Energy DF-electric offshore supply vessel Eidesvik Kleven Verft 4x Wärtsilä 6R32DF 4x 19 500 running hours 6 x DF-electric LNG Carrier Exmar Wärtsilä 12V32DF Auxiliary generating sets Stril Pioner DF-electric offshore supply vessel Simon Møkster Kleven Verft 4x Wärtsilä 6R32DF 4x 16 500 running hours DF-electric offshore supply vessel Aker yards 3x Wärtsilä 6L34DF Engines delivery 2010 27 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Dual-fuel engine references Wärtsilä 50DF Provalys and Gaselys DF-electric LNG Carrier Gaz de France Alstom Chantiers de l Atlantique 2x Wärtsilä 12V50DF + 2x6L50DF Total 72 000 running hours for 2 ships 7 shipyards 11 ship owners 52 ships 2250 2000 1750 Gaz de France energy DF-electric LNG Carrier Gaz de France Alstom Chantiers de l Atlantique 4x Wärtsilä 6L50DF Total 42 000 running hours British Emerald DF-electric LNG Carrier BP Shipping Hyundai Heavy Industries 2x Wärtsilä 12V50DF + 2x9L50DF Total 38 000 running hours 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Estimated ship delivery date 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 Installed power [ MW ] 28 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

Wärtsilä 20 Reference among engines delivered Geo Pacific 3D Seismic research vessel 2 x Wärtsilä 6L20, Auxiliary engines Delivered: 2003 Output: 2400 kw Shipowner: North Sea Shipping, Norway 1/2 picture 127mm x 133mm (100dpi) 29 Wärtsilä 24.5.2010 W20DF Presentation

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