ADS-B Updates Aviation Electronics Europe Munich, April 2016 Johan Martensson EUROCONTROL Surveillance Modernisation 17 April 2016
Content Overview Ground ADS-B OUT Implementation Airborne ADS-B OUT Implementation Regulation status ADS-B IN status Future Evolution 2
Surveillance Application Baseline Overview GROUND AIRBORNE Primary Surveillance (PSR / [MSPSR] / Airport SMR) SSR Surveillance (Mode A/C) SSR Mode S Elementary Surveillance (ELS) Enhanced Surveillance (EHS) ADS-C Surveillance Multilateration (MLAT / LAM / WAM) Surveillance Airspace Surveillance Airport Surveillance ADS-B Ground Surveillance (ADS-B Out, via Ground stations or Space) In Non-Radar Airspace (ADS-B NRA) In Radar Airspace (ADS-B RAD) Airport Surveillance (ADS-B APT) Aircraft Derived Data (ADS-B ADD) ADS-B Airborne Surveillance (ADS-B In) Enhanced Traffic awareness for Flight ops (AIRB) Enhanced Traffic awareness for Surface ops (SURF & [SURF IA]) In Trail Procedure (ITP) Visual separation on Approach (VSA & CAVS) Traffic Situation Awareness with Alerts (TSAA) Spacing - Interval Management (IM) 3
ADS-B & WAM Implementation Space based ADS-B 4 Legend ADS-B current equipage ADS-B updated avionics WAM with ADS-B capabilities ADS-B and WAM Opportunities System Deployment Dates D = Deployed O = Operational 1 Albania 2 Armenia 3 Austria 4 Azerbaijan 5 Bulgaria 6 Croatia 7 Cyprus 8 Czech Republic 9 Denmark 10 Estonia 11 Finland 12 France 13 Georgia 14 Germany 15 Greece 16 Iceland 17 Ireland 18 Italy 19 Latvia 20 Malta 21 Netherlands 22 Norway 23 Poland 24 Portugal 25 Romania 26 Slovak republic 27 Spain 28 Sweden 29 Turkey 30 UK 31 Ukraine + All other continents
ADS-B & WAM ground stations Note: Only deployed or firmly committed are included 5
Space based ADS-B Global coverage of ADS-B Out Several studies One consortium (Aireon) starting satellite deployment 66 LEO satellites (Iridium NEXT) Full constellation 2017 Initial operations 2018 Mainly in low density airspace ATM Impact key elements Feasibility Business Case 6
Surveillance Data Processing Data Fusion Systems support existing surveillance technologies ARTAS Implementation Status in Europe PSR / SSR / Mode S Sensors WAM / ADS-B ADS-B ADS-C Surveillance Data Processing Controller Working Position More than 20 years of ARTAS evolution Surveillance technology upgrades Performance (capacity) doubled Platform cost divided by 70 More than 2.000.000 hrs in field service ARTAS: ATM Surveillance Tracker and Server 7
ADS-B & WAM Implementation in Europe ADS-B IN ADS-B OUT & Mode S GROUND SYSTEMS Avionics: ADS-B IN: ADS-B OUT: Voluntary Implementation Voluntary ADS-B Local Mode S mandates Avionics: ADS-B OUT: EASA AMC20-24 Mode S ELS: JAA TGL 13 Mode S EHS: EASA AMC20-13 ASA MOPS ED-194A/DO-317B (AC20-172B, (E)TSO-195A/B) EASA AMC20-24, EASA CS-ACNS, AC20-165B, CAO20.18 EU Regulation 1207/2011 (+1028/2014) Jan 2015 Dec 2017 ELS Fwd. ELS Ret. All IFR June 2016 ADS-B & EHS Fwd. IFR >5.7t, 250kt June 2020 ADS-B & EHS Ret. WAM / ADS-B Ground system Implementation IR based implementation Avionics: EASA CS-ACNS NOTE: New ADS-B requirements compared to AMC-20-24 Most efficient surveillance mix for the particular environment should be chosen 8
EU Regulations SPI IR (1207/2011 and 1028/2014) All aircraft flying IFR/GAT Mode S ELS Aircraft flying IFR/GAT >5700 kg or >250kts TAS ADS-B Out v2 & Mode S EHS European Commission Single European Sky Surveillance Performance & Interoperability Implementing Rule (SPI IR) Mandate dates ELS Forward fit Jan 2015 Retrofit Dec 2017 EHS and ADS-B Forward Fit June 2016 Retrofit June 2020 Provisions for State a/c SPI IR step 2 amendment is ongoing (incl. GA) ELS: Elementary Surveillance EHS: Enhanced Surveillance 9
EU Regulation (1207/2011) step 2 amendment SPI IR second amendment process ongoing (by EASA) Full Impact Assessment Address identified concerns, such as Mixed traffic issues Cost and Benefit aspects Exemptions etc Planning Mid 2017: Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA) Mid 2018: Opinion Mid 2019: Decision 10
ADS-B Out certification baselines EASA CS-ACNS Compliance means for EU Regulation 1207/2011 Avionics upgrade required: Mode S ELS/EHS & ADS-B v2 Support high density surveillance EASA AMC 20-24 Legacy ADS-B Out installations are generally compliant to AMC20-24 Short term implementation in low density airspace Non-European ADS-B Out Airworthiness compliance requirements USA FAA: AC20-165B Australia CASA: Configuration standards in Appendix XI of CAO 20.18 11
Current ADS-B Out operations ADS-B Out operations currently in Europe: Iceland, Norway, Portugal Other: Australia, Canada, S.E. Asia etc. Key components for (initial) ADS-B Out operations Regulatory measures e.g. ICAO Doc 7030 (NAT, Asia/Pacific), operator responsibility, assurance based on certification baselines (or similar) An Aircraft is eligible for ADS-B based Air Traffic Services when transmitting good ADS-B quality Applicable to any ADS-B Out version Local performance monitoring Exclusion lists are used (regional coordination) 12
General Aviation Surveillance Equipment Multiple operational needs: Enabling surveillance infrastructure modernisation & rationalisation Conflict avoidance for aircraft not subject to ATC Airspace infringement detection and mitigation Considerations for Suitable Surveillance Equipment for General Aviation Performance at the right level Interoperability Functionality > user benefits Life cycle Cost (Certification, Components, Installation, Maintenance) Build on available material (e.g. FAA TSO-C199 TABS) 13
Airborne Monitoring Performance Monitoring of Avionics (e.g. Transponder, Altimeter) Ground systems (sensors, data fusion) Data link Monitoring Methods & Tools e.g. SASS-C, RF, RVSM HMU Avionics monitoring activities includes Aircraft equipage support Flight test etc. Fleet analysis (e.g. equipage rates) Anomalies Design Installation (e.g. 24-bit, config) Operational (e.g. ACID, Trp op) ADS-B equipped a/c over Paris: ADS-B (of total Mode S): ~70% ADS-B versions (of total ADS-B): v0 (ED102/DO260) : ~73% v1 (DO260A): ~13% v2 (ED102A/DO260B): ~14% 14
ADS-B IN / ATSAW operational since 2012 20 000+ ATSAW flights Deployment of ATSAW on revenue aircraft Large stakeholder participation Project: 6 Airlines and 2 ANSPs Several other airlines have also equipped Integrated display system EFB Class 3 ATSAW: Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness 15
ADS-B IN / ATSAW pioneer project Conclusions Initial ADS-B In applications (ATSAW) are deployed Operationally and technically acceptable AIRB and ITP (over North Atlantic) are capable of: a) Saving up to 33,000 Kg fuel per aircraft annually b) Reducing carbon dioxide emissions by up to 73,000 tonnes annually Large variation in financial benefits Function of aircraft type, traffic density, and separation minima Benefits estimated in 5 minutes separation minima environment Substantially higher Benefits in larger separation environments More than half of the benefits are attributed to AIRB alone 16
ABS-B IN Overview Traffic Situation Awareness AIRB Traffic Situation Awareness for Flight operations SURF Traffic Situation Awareness for Surface operations Traffic Awareness and Alerting TSAA Traffic Situation Awareness with Alerts ADS-B based conflict avoidance system for aircraft without ACAS II At the traffic advisory level, i.e. no coordination or resolution advisories SURF IA Traffic Situation Awareness for Surface ops with Indications and Alerts Optimised Flight Profiles in Remote Airspace ITP In-Trail Procedures Enhanced Visual Separation on Approach VSA Enhanced Visual Separation on Approach Support Visual contact and continued operation CAVS CDTI Assisted Visual Separation on Approach After initial visual contact the Display may replace the visual contact Two level of Range Alerts (Advisory and Caution) Spacing / Interval Management (IM) IM Interval Management (FIM Flight Deck Interval Management) Speed guidance to achieve precise interval spacing between aircraft
ADS-B IN Applications per Phase of Flight AIRB TSAA (on-board non-acas a/c only) IM ITP RMT AS CAVS VSA SURF IA SURF SURF IA SURF 18
Global Harmonisation More than a decade of intensive international co-operation Australia, Canada, Europe, USA, ICAO etc. ANSPs/Airspace Users/Industry/Regulators Common Standards for all applications and systems Aligned Certification material Exchange of functional performance assessment results Great contribution to global interoperability and efficiency 19
Surveillance Evolution Performance Based Surveillance progressively integrating new technologies and supporting evolving operational applications (ground and airborne), with Global Gateto-Gate Seamless Coverage, Cost & Spectrum Efficiency and Global Interoperability Interoperable SUR Data Future proof avionics: SPI IR + Voluntary Low Density Airspace Airborne SUR applications Multisensor Data fusion ADS-B Medium & High Density Airspace Ground SUR applications INCS where req d WAM or Mode S Continuous Performance Monitoring SPI IR: SUR Performance and Interoperability Implementing Rule INCS: Independent Non-Cooperative Surveillance (e.g. Multistatic PSR) 20
Drivers for Future Surveillance Evolution Current SUR Future SUR Performance Improvements Apps Operational needs Global Coverage (reduced separation) Increasing nbr of a/c (e.g. RPAS) & users New applications (ASAS, Met, Intent) Rationalisation (cost & spectrum) Apps Full Coverage Quality Safety Capacity Cost-effectiveness Flight efficiency Infra Innovations Integration (within CNS & with ACAS) Performance-based Surveillance Space based ADS-B (IOC 2018) High capacity 1090 datalink (+300%) New ADDs e.g. Met, intent Independent non-cooperative SUR Low-cost avionics for GA & RPAS Infra Fuel savings Spectrum efficiency CO2 reduction Interoperability Monitoring Future growth 21
SESAR Programme SUR perspective SESAR Joint Undertaking (SJU) Emphasis on R&D Input to deployment SESAR 1 (->2016) WP9: Avionics WP15: Ground CNS Other WPs on SUR applications SESAR 2020 (2016->2024) Call for tender process ongoing Several projects with SUR interest (Infrastructure and applications) 22
Conclusions ~30 ANSPs deploy ADS-B/WAM ~900+ ADS-B/WAM stations being deployed Modern High Performance Interoperable Surveillance system Airborne ADS-B equipage growing EU Regulation being amended Target early and full-scale benefits Establish foundation for the future