Greek Art Architecture: or, the Art of Man St. Lawrence, 9/15/2017 Greek Art Architecture: or, the Art of Man Greek Architecture 1
1100-700 BCE Geometric Period 1000-950 BCE Heroon 700-500 BCE Archaic Period c. 600 BCE Temple of Aphaea 480-338 BCE Classical Period 447-432 BCE Parthenon 338-31 BCE Hellenistic Period 180 BCE Grand Altar of Pergamon 15/09/2017 Key Notions -Capital -Cella (naos) -Colonnade -Entablature -Entasis -Heroon -Pediment -Stoa Timeline Greek Prehistoric Architecture, Art, St. Lawrence, 2017-09-15, Beaudoin 2
Geometric Period Or, the Heroon, an Homage to Ancestors Heroon Lefkandi, c. 1000-950 BCE Source: 7 & 8 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Heroon Lefkandi, c. 1000-950 BCE Source: 7 & 8 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic 3
The Orders Or, Building according to Established Forms The Orders (or Forms) Source: 18 4
Archaic Period Or, the Rise of Doric Temples Temple to Apollo Thermos (Aetolia), 640-630 BCE colonnade Proportion: 3:1 Source: 8 & 9 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Temple of Aphaea Island of Aegina, end of the 6th BCE entasis 5
Temple of Aphaea Island of Aegina, end of the 6th BCE pediment Proportion: 2:1 Source: 3 & 2 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Temple of Aphaea Island of Aegina, end of the 6th BCE Source: 15 & 2 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Temple of Aphaea Island of Aegina, end of the 6th BCE Source: 11 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic 6
Classical Period Or, the Greek Golden Age Classical Greek Temple: Vocabulary Proportion: y=2x+1 where x is # of columns on facade; y, # of columns on side Phidias The Acropolis, Athens, 460 430 BC Source: 2 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic 7
Ictinus and Kallicrates, Parthenon 447-432 BCE, marble, 72 x 33 x 10,4 m Aphaea and Parthenon Parthenon: Plan Source: 8 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic 8
Parthenon: Subject of Sculptures Parthenon: Parts of the Frieze Cavalcade, south frieze, British Museum Preparations, west frieze, British Museum Parthenon, Golden Ratio 9
Kallicrates, Temple of Athena Nike Acropolis, Athens, 427-424 BCE Source: 16 & 17 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Mnesicles, Erechtheion 420-409, marble, 24,4 x 27,4 m Source: 8 & 3 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Erechtheion South view, caryatids Source: 8 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic 10
Polycleitus the Younger, Theatre Epidaurus, 350 BCE Theatron (or Cavea) Orchestra Skene Hellenistic Period Or, Monumental Impressions Paionios and Daphnis, Temple of Apollo Didyma, 313 BCE Proportion: y=2x+1 Source: 8 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic 11
Temple of Zeus (the Olympeion) Greece, Athens, 41,1 x 107,8 m, marble, 174 BCE-132 AD Source: 13 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Temple of Zeus (the Olympeion) Greece, Athens, 41,1 x 107,8 m, marble, 174 BCE-132 AD Source: 15 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Stoa of Attalos Athenes, 150 BCE 12
Stoa of Attalos Athenes, 150 BCE Source: 15 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Grand Altar of Pergamon 180 BCE, Marble, 36 x 34 m, Pergamonmuseum, Berlin Source: 14 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Grand Altar of Pergamon, detail, Gigantomachy, and Replica of City Source: 8 Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic 13
City of Priene 4th BCE, Antikenmuseum, Berlin Temple of Athena Theatre Agora Temple of Zeus Stoae Gymnasium Stadium Geometric Archaic Classical Hellenistic Review Greek architecture was the reflection of Order: Architectural structures were carefully planned according to mathematical proportions, Orders, that were considered inherently aesthetic (e.g. Golden Ratio) The structures infused life to the city, and served to order its framework (e.g. the stoa) Later, as Hellenism expanded, the idea of order permeated other cultures, an influence which is still observable today Conclusion Greek architecture pursued the ideals of balance and symmetry with the goal of pleasing the eye first, then the mind; beyond its social function, Greek architecture incarnated the very proportions of the human body, itself a design of nature, thus linking art with humanism 14