First round table: Improving the visa facilitation and air connectivity to enhance competitiveness International conference on Current challenges and issues of African Tourism: what solutions can be adopted to ensure its competitiveness 5-6 April 3, Tunis, Tunisia John G.C. Kester Programme Manager, Tourism Trends and Marketing Strategies The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) -a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) and the leading international organization in the field of tourism. It serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism know-how. - plays a central and decisive role in promoting the development of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism, paying particular attention to the interests of developing countries. - intergovernmental organization with membership includes 6 countries and territories and over 4 Affiliate Members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism authorities. - encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, with a view to ensuring that member countries, tourist destinations and businesses maximize the positive economic, social and cultural effects of tourism and fully reap its benefits, while minimizing its negative social and environmental impacts. - committed to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, geared toward reducing poverty and fostering sustainable development. www.unwto.org/en/content/who-we-are-
Overview Tourism development in Africa UNWTO long-term outlook Tourism Towards 3 Visa facilitation: stimulating economic growth and development through tourism Tourism development in the World & Africa
: one billion international arrivals in one year for the first time : one billion international arrivals in one year for the first time,35,, international tourists (overnight visitors) generating US$,75,,, international tourism receipts US$,4 on average per arrival
Inbound tourism: Africa International tourist arrivals and receipts, 995-* 6 5 International tourist arrivals (million) 5 49 46 44 43 4 39 International tourism receipts (US$ billion) 35 3 3 6 7 8 3 33 5 4 3 3 3 9 9 5 9 6 9 8 9 995 996 997 998 999 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 5 mn US$ 34 bn US$ 64 on average per arrival Outlook: Africa International tourist arrivals Forecast 3: 4% to 6% change (%) 4 8 6 7.7.4 9.9 8.8 6. 4 3. 3.4-5 6 7 8 9 3* -.9 Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Inbound tourism Africa Growth in all subregions International tourism receipts, 995-* (US$ billion) 9 North Africa 9 8 8 6 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 6 5 4 3 7 4 Southern Africa7 6 5 4 3 6 6 East Africa 4 4 4 West & Central Africa 5 995 997 999 3 5 7 9* * Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) but still concentrated in relative few destinations Africa Receipts by destination Morocco (%) Tunisia 6% Mauritius (5%) Tanzania (4%) Uganda 3% Kenya 3% South Africa (9%) : US$ 33 billion Others 9% Rwanda % Top : 9% ; other 3 destinations: 9% Madagascar % Cape Verde % Mali % Seychelles % Ethiopia % Ghana % Zimbabwe % Angola % Nigeria % Senegal % Namibia % Reunion % Source: UNWTO
International tourism vs. other export categories 3,5 3,,5 Export worldwide International tourism: 5.5% of exports of goods and services 3% of export of services US$ billion,,5, International Tourism (BOP Travel & Passenger transport) Fuels Chemicals Food Automotive products 5 99 99 99 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Share in trade and services by subregion 8 International Tourism (travel and passenger transport), 7 6 % of total trade % of trade in services 5 4 3 World Northern Europe Western Europe Central/Eastern Eu. Southern/Mediter. Eu. North-East Asia South-East Asia Oceania South Asia North America Caribbean Central America South America North Africa Subsaharan Africa Middle East
International tourism vs. other export categories Export Africa US$ billion 3 5 5 International tourism: 3 rd category after fuels and other mining products 7% of exports of goods and services 57% of export of services International Tourism (BOP Travel & Passenger transport) Fuels Mining non fuels Food Chemicals 5 99 99 99 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 World and regions: Outbound Tourism International Tourism Expenditure China (US$ billion) China has become number outbound market with US$ bn in 8 United States Germany 6 United Kingdom 4 Russian Federation France Canada Japan Australia Italy '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 ' ' ' '3 '4 '5 '6 '7 '8 '9 ' ' ' Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
High potential outbound markets International Tourism Expenditure: increase 6- (US$ billion) International Tourism Expenditure: between 6 and total up by US$ 33 billion, from US$ 745 billion in 6 to,75 billion in (current terms) in spite of crisis Average annual growth rate in real terms +.7% a year China Russian Fed. Brazil Australia Canada Singapore United States Germany Malaysia Hong Kong (China) Norway Belgium India Switzerland Iran Philippines Sweden France Untd Arab Emrts Saudi Arabia Kuwait Netherlands Italy Nigeria Argentina African outbound markets Indonesia Ukraine Qatar United Kingdom International Tourism Expenditure: 6, / (US$ million) International Tourism Expenditure: between 6 and total up by US$ 8 billion, from US$ 5 billion in 6 to an estimated 3 billion in (current terms) Average annual growth rate in real terms +5% a year 8 7 6 5 4 3 - - 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, US$ billion US$ million,, Nigeria South Africa Morocco Sudan Tanzania Kenya Algeria Tunisia Ghana Uganda Mauritius Dem.R.Congo Lesotho Mozambique
Tourism Towards 3 Advance Edition: Key Results 5th UNWTO-PATA Forum on Tourism Trends and Outlook Guilin, China, 7 October Michel Julian, UNWTO Tourism Trends and Marketing Strategies Programme International tourist arrivals to reach.8 billion by 3 International tourism, World, International Tourist Arrivals, million.8 bn,75,5.4 bn,5, bn 75 5 5 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Emerging economy destinations to surpass advanced destinations in 5 Inbound tourism, advanced and emerging economies,5 International Tourist Arrivals, million, emerging economies 75 5 advanced economies 5 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East and Africa to increase their shares Inbound tourism by region of destination,,8,6,4,, 8 6 4 International Tourist Arrivals, million Africa Middle East Americas Asia and the Pacific Europe 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Africa Africa: growth in international tourism to continue at 5% a year on average International Tourism, Africa International tourist arrivals, % change over previous year 3 6 5 Average growth -3 5.% a year 5 5 5 9 7 5 5 3 6 8 5 6 5 3 4 5 8 3 4 7-5.4% a year -3 4.6% a year -5-3 -6-98/'79 985/'84 99/'89 995/'94 /'99 5/'4 /'9 5/'4 /'9 5/'4 3/'9 Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Africa: International tourist arrivals to increase by 4 million a year on average International Tourism, Africa 6 5 4 International tourist arrivals, absolute change over previous year, million 4 4 3 Average increase -3 4. million a year -3 4.9 mn a year 3 3 3 3-3.5 mn a year - - 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Africa: International tourist arrivals to grow from 5 mn to 34 mn International Tourism, Africa 5 International Tourist Arrivals, million 34 mn 5 85 mn 75 5 mn 5 5 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Fastest growth for all African subregions International tourism by (sub)region of destination International tourist arrivals, average annual growth % 995- -3.5 8 7.5 7.7 7.4 6.6 6.8 6.5 6 6. 5.9 6. 5.8 6. 5. 5. 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.3 4 3.7 3.3 3. 3..4.4.3.4...8.8.7.3 South Asia West and Central Africa East Africa Central America South-East Asia North-East Asia South America North Africa Middle East Southern Africa Central/Eastern Europe Oceania Southern/Mediter. Eu. Caribbean Western Europe Northern Europe North America source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Africa by subregion Africa: Inbound tourism by subregion of destination International Tourist Arrivals, million 5 45 4 35 North Africa East Africa 3 5 5 Southern Africa West and Central Africa 5 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Africa: transport over surface to grow somewhat faster than by air Africa, International tourism by means of transport 8 7 International tourist arrivals, million over surface 6 5 by air 4 3 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Share in the world
Africa inbound tourism market share going up due to faster growth Inbound tourism by region of destination International Tourist Arrivals, share, % 7 6 Europe 5 4 3 Asia and the Pacific Americas Middle East Africa 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) African outbound tourism also growing at a faster pace Outbound tourism by region of origin International Tourist Arrivals, share, % 7 6 Europe 5 4 3 Asia and the Pacific Americas Middle East Africa 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Africa: intraregional arrivals grow faster, so share from other regions decreasing Africa: Inbound tourism by region of origin 4 International Tourist Arrivals, million 8 6 Americas Asia and the Pacific Middle East Europe Africa 4 98 985 99 995 5 5 5 3 Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Tourism Towards 3 in one page Tourism Towards 3 shows that there is still a great potential for further expansion in coming decades emerging as well as established destinations can benefit from this trend and opportunity, provided they shape the adequate conditions and policies with regard to business environment, infrastructure, facilitation, marketing and human resources Along with opportunities, challenges also arise in maximising social and economic benefits and minimising negative impacts Long-term tourism growth pattern: more moderate, sustainable and inclusive
Africa towards 3 million additional international tourist arrivals on average a year of the 43 million worldwide Opportunities Africa: how to make it possible - natural resources - cultural resources - human resources - authenticity and newness - price competitiveness -dynamism Challenges - infrastructure development - planning & product dev ment - attracting investment - travel facilitation - safety and security - health and hygiene - quality - marketing and promotion - e-marketing - image building and branding
Visa facilitation: stimulating economic growth and development through tourism Visa Facilitation - Situation Visas provide essential functions Immigration Control Security Limitation of duration of stay and activities Application of measures of reciprocity However visas also act as a constraint to international travel and its economic benefits
Visa Facilitation - Situation on average /3 of the world s population needed to obtain a visa prior to departure 8 % of the world s population was able to enter a destination without a visa 7 % of the world s population could receive a visa on arrival % of the population was allowed to apply for an evisa South-East Asian, East African and Caribbean destinations are among the most open destinations Central African and North American destinations are the most restrictive Between and, 43 destinations significantly facilitated the visa process for citizens of or more countries by changing their visa policies positively The most popular facilitation measure: Visa on arrival Visa Facilitation - Openness Index Situation % of world population that do not need visa to enter country* * visa upon arrival weighted.5, e-visa.7
International tourism receipts relative to population, International tourism receipts per capita Sub-regions of destinations by % of world population affected by visa policies, % 8% visa e-visa visa on arrival no visa change (%) 6% 4% % % World Advanced economies Emerging economies Source: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) North Africa West Africa Central Africa East Africa Southern Africa North America Caribbean Central America South America North-East Asia South-East Asia Oceania South Asia Northern Europe Western Europe Central/Eastern Eu. Southern/Mediter. Eu. Middle East
The Least Restrictive Destinations This Index indicates to what extent a destination is facilitating tourism. Rank Destination Openness score Cook Islands Dominica Micronesia Niue Tuvalu 6 Haiti 99 7 Macao (China) 84 8 Hong Kong (China) 8 9 Nicaragua 79 Turks & Caicos Islands 79 Fiji 79 Georgia 78 3 Guyana 76 St Vincent & Grenadines 76 5 Vanuatu 75 6 Kyrgyzstan 74 Gambia 74 Vietnam 74 9 Rwanda 73 Mali 7 Cape Verde 7 Nepal 7 Togo 7 Uganda 7 Mozambique 7 Most progress between and in regard to improved visa procedures was made by:.micronesia.niue 3.Palau 4.Saó Tomé e Principe 5.Tuvalu 6.Djibouti 7.Haiti 8.Mozambique 9.Rwanda.Burundi.Togo.Cape Verde 3.Mali 4.Kyrgystan 5.Uganda 6.Guyana 7.UnitedArabEmirates 8.Laos 9.Kenya.Ecuador Progress made in recent years
Impacts of Visa Facilitation Policy Change Increased Visitation Increased Spending Increased Jobs Joint research by the UNWTO and WTTC presented to the 4th T Ministers Meeting in May (Tourism Ministers of the G) shows that improving visa processes could generate an extra US$ 6 billion in tourism receipts and create as many as 5 million additional jobs by 5 in the G economies. See: UNWTO/WTTC, The impact of Visa Policies on Job Creation in the G Economies, Recommendations Negotiate bi- or multilateral exemptions of visas If you haven t done so yet, start with your neighbours to stimulate intra-regional travel Improve delivery of information Availability, reliability and usefulness of information regularly updated, multiple languages, availability online including forms Facilitate processes to obtain visas Simplify and streamline procedure as much as possible and address/decrease temporarily bottlenecks such as personal interviews, needed documents, wait times, etc.
Recommendations Institute visa upon arrival or evisa programmes If exempting from entry visa is not possible Differentiated treatment to facilitate tourist travel For means of transportation (e.g. cruise ship passengers) or specified geographical areas or ports of entries, or in case of events Establish regional agreements To move freely between member countries once admitted by one of the member states Tourism in the global agenda G recognizes for the first time Travel and Tourism as a vehicle for job creation, economic growth and development, and commits to work towards developing travel facilitation initiatives in support of job creation, quality work, poverty reduction and global growth. (G Declaration - June ) Rio+ recognizes the significant contribution of sustainable tourism to the three dimensions of sustainable development, its linkages to other sectors and its capacity to create decent jobs and trade opportunities.
Where to find information prepared by UNWTO? www.unwto.org/facts => Facts & Figures publications www.unwto.org/pub electronic: => UNWTO elibrary hardcopy: => UNWTO Infoshop => depositary libraries Affiliate Membership: www.unwto.org/edsco/index.php Thank you very much for your attention! John G.C. Kester Programme Manager, Tourism Trends and Marketing Strategies World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) www.unwto.org