Anatomy of Traffic Safety Sheboygan Co. Bureau of Transportation Safety

Anatomy of Traffic Safety Sheboygan Co. Bureau of Transportation Safety Revised: 12/20/16 1

Characteristics of the County and the Road Network Sheboygan County is a metropolitan county with a population of over 115,300 persons that comprises the Sheboygan Metropolitan Statistical Area according to the U.S. Census. Approximately 71.7% of the population is urban. To the east of Sheboygan County s land area is Lake Michigan. The eastern boundary of Sheboygan County is the boundary of the state with Michigan in the center of Lake Michigan. The lake comprises nearly 59.8% of the area of the county. Ozaukee and Washington Counties are to its south, Fond du Lac County is to its west, and Manitowoc and Calumet Counties are to its north. The county has 511 square miles of land area. Interstate 43 is a north-south highway bypassing Sheboygan, Kohler, Oostburg, and Cedar Grove, carrying traffic to and from Green Bay and points north via Manitowoc and Milwaukee and points south via Port Washington and Mequon. State Trunk Highway (STH) 23, STH 28, and STH 42 all begin at Erie Ave and N 14 th St in Sheboygan. STH 23 heads west from this point, becoming a freeway west of I-43, bypassing Kohler and Sheboygan Falls, and then it becomes an expressway until it bypasses Plymouth. After Plymouth, STH 23 is a two-lane highway. STH 23 carries traffic to and from Fond du Lac, connecting to highways that connect Sheboygan with other population centers, including Oshkosh, Madison, Stevens Point, and areas to the west. STH 42 heads north then northwest from Sheboygan toward Howards Grove, and then at its intersection with STH 32 it heads north, carrying traffic to and from Manitowoc. STH 28 heads south from its beginning with STH 23 and STH 42, then turns west traveling primarily along the municipal boundary of Kohler, and then through Sheboygan Falls, Waldo, and Cascade. After Waldo, STH 28 heads in a more southwesterly direction carrying traffic to and from Kewaskum. STH 144 begins at STH 57 at Random Lake, carrying traffic west to STH 28, after which it has a concurrency with STH 28 into Washington County. STH 144 carries traffic to and from West Bend. Together, STH 28 and STH 144 connect Kohler and Sheboygan Falls with West Bend. STH 32 has a concurrency with I-43 entering Sheboygan County from the south, and two miles north of the Ozaukee County border it exits the concurrency and enters Cedar Grove. From Cedar Grove, STH 32 goes north through Sheboygan Falls and Howards Grove. At Howards Grove, STH 32, turns to the northwest at its intersection with STH 42. To the northwest, STH 32 carries traffic to and from Chilton via Kiel and New Holstein. STH 57 is a north-south highway through the county, traveling through Plymouth, Waldo, Adell, and Random Lake, carrying traffic to and from Port Washington and points south via Fredonia to the south and Chilton via Kiel and New Holstein to the north. STH 57 is a divided highway from about 0.6 miles north of STH 23 south into Ozaukee County to I-43. STH 32 and STH 57 are concurrent just outside of the county beginning in Manitowoc County all the way to De Pere. STH 67 travels through Plymouth and Elkhart Lake. Through and north of Plymouth, STH 67 travels in a more or less north-south direction, and west of Plymouth STH 67 travels in a more or less east-west direction. STH 67 carries traffic to and from Mayville via Campbellsport to the west and south, and it carries traffic toward Kiel to the north. Glenbeulah is accessed via County Trunk Highway (CTH) A, CTH S, or CTH P from STH 23; CTH P from Elkhart Lake; or from CTH C in the direction of communities in northeastern Fond du Lac County. 2

Areas of Sheboygan County east of STH 57 or lower and more even in elevation than areas to the areas to its west. The north end of the Kettle Moraine State Forest is near Glenbeulah, and it extends for about thirty miles at a width of about 2-4 miles into Washington and Fond du Lac Counties to the southsouthwest. Within Sheboygan County, STH 23 and STH 67 travel through this forest. This area is much hillier than the surrounding area. There are 30 lakes in Sheboygan County, including Sheboygan Lake, Elkhart Lake, Random Lake, Crystal Lake, and Lake Ellen. West of Elkhart Lake, Sheboygan Marsh State Wildlife Area covers about 12.75 square miles. Old Wade House State Park is along STH 23 just west of Kettle Moraine State Forest. Cedar Grove Hawk Research Station State Natural Area is east of I-43 near Cedar Grove. Kettle Moraine Correctional Institution is along STH 67 just east of the Fond du Lac County border. Road America, a large race track, is located between Elkhart Lake and Plymouth along STH 67. There are 1,561 miles of roads in Sheboygan County, of which 166 (10.6%) are state roads, 451 (28.9%) are county roads, and 944 (60.5%) are local roads. In 2015, there were 43,760 autos, 10,069 cycles, 8,393 trailers, and 52,946 trucks registered in Sheboygan County. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in 2015 was 951,249,860. Municipalities Sheboygan County has four municipalities with a population greater than seven thousand people. They are the cities of Sheboygan and Plymouth as well as the city and town of Sheboygan Falls. Approximately 69% of the people residing in the county live in the city or town of Sheboygan, the city or town of Sheboygan Falls, the city or town of Plymouth, or the village of Kohler. The population constituting this 69% of the population live along the STH 23 corridor, going east to west from the city of Sheboygan, adjacent to Lake Michigan, to the westernmost part of the town of Plymouth. The overall population of the county has remained fairly static since the 2010 decennial census. The population has declined slightly, by 0.17%, from 115,507 in the 2010 census to 115,305 in the 2015 population estimate. The following table includes 2015 population estimates for the municipalities within the county. 1 For municipalities in multiple counties, the table only includes the population that resides in the county. Place Name Final Estimate 2015 C Sheboygan 48,806 C Plymouth 8,458 C Sheboygan Falls 7,866 T Sheboygan 7,439 T Wilson 3,358 V Howards Grove 3,226 T Plymouth 3,196 T Lima 2,985 V Oostburg 2,927 T Greenbush 2,555 1 U.S. Census, Official Final Estimates, 1/1/2015, Wisconsin Minor Civil Divisions. 3

T Holland 2,248 T Herman 2,162 T Rhine 2,125 V Kohler 2,114 V Cedar Grove 2,099 T Scott 1,824 T Sheboygan Falls 1,719 V Random Lake 1,580 T Lyndon 1,547 T Sherman 1,496 T Mitchell 1,308 V Elkhart Lake 953 T Mosel 782 V Cascade 698 V Adell 514 V Waldo 492 V Glenbeulah 458 T Russell 370 County Population 115,305 4

Emergency Medical Services Sheboygan County has one level III and one level IV trauma center in the city of Sheboygan, the county seat of Sheboygan County, located in the far east-central portion of the county adjacent to Lake Michigan. They are the level III St. Nicholas Hospital and the level IV Aurora Sheboygan Memorial Medical Center. The closest level I or level II trauma center for adult and pediatric patients are the Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital and the Children s Hospital of Wisconsin, respectively, both being approximately 65 miles from the city of Sheboygan. The long distance from a level I or level II trauma center will have a negative impact on the outcome of a crash especially as the population ages. 5

As of 2015, there were 433 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in Sheboygan County operating out of 18 different EMS providers. The largest of these organizations includes the Sheboygan (City of) Fire Department, the Orange Cross Ambulance, Inc., plus the Random Lake Fire Department Ambulance. A table of these organizations is below: Service Provider Number of EMTs ADELL FIRST RESPONDERS 14 ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO FIRST RESPONDERS 23 BATAVIA VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPT FIRST RESPONDERS 11 CASCADE FIRST RESPONDERS 10 CEDAR GROVE FD FIRST RESPONDERS 17 ELKHART LAKE FIRST RESPONDERS 21 GLENBEULAH FIRE DEPARTMENT FIRST RESPONDERS 8 HOWARDS GROVE FIRE DEPARTMENT FIRST RESPONDERS 21 KOHLER (VILLAGE) EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE 17 OOSTBURG AMBULANCE 25 ORANGE CROSS AMBULANCE INC 57 PLYMOUTH VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPT AMBULANCE SQUAD 22 RANDOM LAKE FIRE DEPARTMENT AMBULANCE 32 SHEBOYGAN (CITY OF) FD 69 SHEBOYGAN (TOWN OF) FIRE DEPARTMENT 16 SHEBOYGAN FALLS (CITY OF) FD FIRST RESPONDERS 24 SHEBOYGAN FALLS (TOWN OF) FIRST RESPONDERS 26 WILSON (TOWN OF) FIRST RESPONDERS 20 TOTAL 433 There are 3.76 EMTs per 1,000 persons in the county, compared to 3.85 EMTs per 1,000 persons statewide. Economic Profile 33.0% of the employed population in Sheboygan County businesses work in manufacturing, 12.3% in health care and social assistance, 11.7% in retail trade, and 8.4% in accommodation and food services. Manufacturing is by and large the most significant occupational field in the county, with a percentage two and one-half times greater than the next highest occupational type, health care and social assistance. Manufacturing, by definition, requires a transportation network of some type to export the created goods to other places, including the workforce to move the goods, though not necessarily by roadway. 6

2 Manufacturing Health care and social assistance Retail trade Accommodation and food services Administrative and support Finance and insurance Other services (except public administration) Transportation and warehousing Construction Educational services Management of companies and enterprises Wholesale trade Professional, scientific, and technical services Arts, entertainment, and recreation Real estate and rental and leasing Information Sheboygan County by Employment Sector 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% Major employers in the county include Acuity, Aurora Sheboygan Clinic, Aurora Sheboygan Memorial Medical Center, Gardner Denver Thomas Products, HSHS St. Nicholas Hospital, International Automotive, Kohler Co., Nemak, Nemschoff Inc., Peter R Mayer Law Office S C, Physician s Health Network, Piggly Wiggly Midwest LLC, Plastics Engineering Co., Sheboygan Clinic, and Vollrath Co. LLC in Sheboygan; Aldrich Chemical Co. and Curt G. Joa Inc. in Sheboygan Falls; American Club and Kohler Co. in Kohler; and Dairy Farmers of America, Kettle Moraine Correctional, Lakeland College, Sargento Foods, and Sheboygan Clinic in Plymouth. 3 The unemployment rate of the county has been, on average, 0.2% lower than that of the state over the past decade. 4 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% Unemployment Rates, Sheboygan County & Wisconsin, 2006-2015 0.0% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sheboygan County Wisconsin 2 County Business Patterns, 2014 3 Major Employers. Wisconsin s WORKnet. Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. 4 Unemployment rates, not seasonally adjusted. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 7

Workers who Reside in Sheboygan County Work in: People who Work in Sheboygan County Reside in: Sheboygan County 48,746 Sheboygan County 48,746 Ozaukee County 2,517 Manitowoc County 3,769 Milwaukee County 1,542 Fond du Lac County 1,274 Manitowoc County 1,507 Ozaukee County 1,257 Washington County 832 Calumet County 770 Fond du Lac County 628 Milwaukee County 680 Waukesha County 419 Washington County 379 Calumet County 262 Brown County 261 Brown County 257 Waukesha County 134 Winnebago County 207 Outagamie County 93 Dodge County 131 Winnebago County 67 Dane County 124 Dane County 65 Others 375 Others 638 5 Sheboygan County shares a large portion of its workforce with the geographically bordering counties of Manitowoc, Ozaukee, and Fond du Lac counties. In addition, a large number of commuters also go to Milwaukee County. I-43 connects Sheboygan County to Ozaukee and Milwaukee counties to the south and to Manitowoc County to the north. STH 23 connects Sheboygan County to Fond du Lac County to the west and to its largest city of Fond du Lac, while also connecting the largest population centers within Sheboygan County to each other. 5 U.S. Census Bureau. 2009-2013 5-Year American Community Survey. County to County Commuting Flows for the United States and Puerto Rico. 8

Adell Cascade Cedar Grove Elkhart Lake Glenbeulah Howards Grove Kohler Oostburg Plymouth Random Lake Sheboygan Sheboygan Falls Waldo Towns Total (By Liq. License) In 2013-2014, there were 378 licensed liquor establishments in the county. The following is a table of license type by municipality. Establishments within a municipality but outside the county are not included in the table. Class A beer (off-sale) AB 1 2 1 9 32 3 6 54 Class A liquor or Class A beer/class A AL or 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 3 10 4 1 8 41 liquor (offsale) ALB Class B beer only (on/off sales) BB 1 2 1 4 1 10 1 18 38 Class B beer BB (on/off sales) & and Class C CW wine 1 1 8 2 1 13 Class B liquor BL or Class B beer or and Class B BLB liquor 2 2 3 12 1 6 2 13 4 112 14 2 58 231 others 1 1 Total (By Municipalities) 3 4 5 16 2 11 5 3 31 8 172 24 3 91 378 CODE AB AL ALB BB BL BLB CW DESCRIPTION Beer for sale off-site (convenience stores, grocery stores) Liquor for sale off-site (drug stores, wineries) Beer, wine, or liquor for sale off site Beer for sale on-site Liquor for sale on-site (winery) Beer or liquor for sale on-site (bars, supper clubs) Wine for sale on-site (restaurants) (usually in conjunction with BB) 9

Liquor Licenses in Sheboygan County, 2013-2014 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% Liquor Licenses in Wisconsin, 2013-2014 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% AB 14.3% AB 8.4% AL or ALB 10.8% AL or ALB 16.1% BB 10.1% BB 6.1% BB & CW 3.4% BB & CW 3.6% BL or BLB 61.1% BL or BLB 64.6% others 0.3% others 1.2% Population Change Between April 2010 and January 2015, the Wisconsin Demographic Services Center estimates that the county has experienced 6,178 births and 4,865 deaths, a natural increase of 1,313 people during this time period. The county also experienced a net out-migration of 1,515 during the same time period, giving an overall estimated population loss of 202 persons during the time period. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated in 2014 that 15.4% of Sheboygan County residents were ages 65 or greater, which is a little higher than the Wisconsin average of 14.4%. 6 An aging population is more vulnerable to significant injuries in vehicle at any speed, but this is slightly more likely to be an issue in Sheboygan County than Wisconsin as a whole. 6 American Community Survey 5 year estimates, years 2010-2014 10

Median Age, Sheboygan County and Wisconsin, 2010-2014 42.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Sheboygan County 39.4 39.7 40.2 40.7 40.7 Wisconsin 38.1 38.3 38.5 38.7 38.8 % of Population 65+, Sheboygan County and Wisconsin, 2010-2014 16.0% 15.5% 15.0% 14.5% 14.0% 13.5% 13.0% 12.5% 12.0% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Sheboygan County 14.2% 14.3% 14.6% 15.0% 15.4% Wisconsin 13.4% 13.5% 13.7% 14.1% 14.4% Financial Impacts of (2010-2014) In this county during the years 2010-2014, there were on average $83,628,194.60 in total costs, including estimated medical costs, estimated other costs, and estimated quality of life costs annually. An estimated 232.2 years of life were lost as a result of annually. in which alcohol or drugs were a contributing factor resulted in $11,031,757.40 in total costs and 60.4 years of life annually. 7 7 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Health Systems Research & Analysis, Wisconsin CODES Project: Wisconsin CODES Report Builder Custom Reporting System accessed on 10/20/2016 11

Crash Statistics in Sheboygan County by Type, 2011-2015 Averages Average Total Fatal Average Non-Fatal Injury Average Alcohol or Drug- Related Fatal Average Alcohol or Drug Related Non-Fatal Injury Average Speed Related Fatal Average Speed Related Non-Fatal Injury Average Inattention- Related Fatal Average Inattention- Related Non- Fatal Injury 9.0 405.2 2.2 32.0 2.6 65.6 1.4 98.4 Sheboygan County Wisconsin % of that were % of that were 0.5% 0.4% % of alcohol or drug related to all % of alcohol or drug related to all 24.4% 48.5% % of speed related to all % of speed related to all 28.9% 28.2% % of inattention related to all % of inattention related to all 15.6% 18.1% 12

Location of in Sheboygan County by Road Type, 2011-2015 Total Fatal Total Non-Fatal Injury Alcohol or Drug- Related Fatal Alcohol or Drug Related Non-Fatal Injury Speed Related Fatal Speed Related Non- Fatal Injury Inattention -Related Fatal Inattention - Related Non-Fatal Injury Interstate Highways 0.0% 4.6% 0.0% 3.8% 0.0% 8.8% 0.0% 4.3% US/State Highways 35.6% 28.8% 36.4% 18.1% 30.8% 29.0% 57.1% 35.2% County Highways 33.3% 12.2% 36.4% 16.3% 38.5% 21.0% 28.6% 12.6% Local Roads 31.1% 54.4% 27.3% 61.9% 30.8% 41.2% 14.3% 48.0% Driver Possible Contributing Circumstances for All in Sheboygan County, 2011-2015 Driver Possible Contributing Circumstances for All in Sheboygan County, 2011-2015 Driver Possible Contributing Circumstances for All in State of Wisconsin, 2011-2015 INATTENTIVE DRIVING 21% INATTENTIVE DRIVING 21% FAIL YIELD R-O-WAY 20% FAILURE TO CONTROL 17% SPEED TOO FAST/COND 13% FAIL YIELD R-O-WAY 16% FAILURE TO CONTROL 12% SPEED TOO FAST/COND 12% FOLLOWING TOO CLOSE 7% FOLLOWING TOO CLOSE 9% DRIVER CONDITION 6% DRIVER CONDITION 5% OTHER CATAGORIES 20% OTHER CATAGORIES 20% 13

Fatalities and Incapacitating A Injuries by Age and Gender 60 Fatalities and Incapacitating Injuries by Age, 2011-2015 4000 Fatalities and Incapacitating Injuries by Age, State of Wisconsin 2011-2015 50 40 3500 3000 2500 30 2000 20 10 1500 1000 500 0 0 KILLED A-INJURY KILLED A-INJURY Fatalities and Incapacitating Injuries by Gender, 2011-2015 Fatalities and Incapacitating Injuries by Gender, State of Wisconsin 2011-2015 Female 41% Female 41% Male 59% Male 59% 14

Fatalities and Incapacitating A Injuries by State and Place of Residence Fatalities and Incapacitating "A" Injuries by State of Residence, 2011-2015 Fatalities and Incapacitating "A" Injuries by Place of Residence, 2011-2015 WI, 96% MN, 1% IL, 1% Other, 2% Local*, 84.1% Non-Local, 15.2% Unknown, 0.7% *Local is defined as persons with addresses that have ZIP codes fully or partially within Sheboygan County. Safety Equipment Usage in Passenger Cars and Light Trucks during, 2011-2015 Belted Unbelted Fatalities and "A" Injuries 70.4% 29.6% Statewide Safety Belt Use Rate 90.0% 88.0% 86.0% 84.0% 82.0% 80.0% 78.0% 76.0% 74.0% 88.4% 84.7% 85.8% 82.4% 79.0% 79.9% 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 15

2014-2017 Grant Participation Sheboygan County Sheriff's Dept Cascade Police Dept Elkhart Lake Police Dept Kohler Police Dept Plymouth Police Dept Sheboygan Police Dept Sheboygan Falls Police Dept Sheboygan County Sheriff's Dept Cascade Police Dept Elkhart Lake Police Dept Kohler Police Dept Plymouth Police Dept Sheboygan Police Dept Sheboygan Falls Police Dept Alcohol Occupant Protection Speed 2014 2015 2016 Was Eligible Was Eligible Was Eligible Was Eligible Was Eligible Was Eligible Was Eligible 2017 Eligible Eligible Eligible Eligible Sheboygan Police Department, Sheboygan County Sheriff s Department, Plymouth Police Department, Kohler Police Department, Elkhart Lake Police Department, and the Wisconsin State Patrol participated on the Sheboygan County OWI Task Force in 2014, 2015, and 2016. These agencies are also involved in a coordinated high-visibility education and enforcement (HVEE) campaign with law enforcement agencies in Manitowoc County. Sheboygan County Sheriff s Department worked with Fond du Lac County Sheriff s Office on the Highway 23 Speed Task Force in 2016. Agency Mobilizations 2014-2015 2014 Alcohol Crackdown 2014 Booze and Belts 2014 CIOT 2015 Drive Sober 2015 Booze and Belts Sheboygan County Sheriff's Dept Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cascade Police Dept Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Elkhart Lake Police Dept Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Kohler Police Dept Plymouth Police Dept Yes Yes No Sheboygan Police Dept Yes Yes Sheboygan Falls Police Dept Yes The Wisconsin State Patrol participates in all three mobilizations each year. Law enforcement agencies in Sheboygan County should participate for the chance to win an equipment grant. 2015 CIOT 16

TraCS Participation Sheboygan County Sheriff's Dept TraCS 10 Cascade Police Dept TraCS 10 Elkhart Lake Police Dept TraCS 10 Kohler Police Dept TraCS 10 Plymouth Police Dept TraCS 73 Sheboygan Police Dept TraCS 10 Sheboygan Falls Police Dept TraCS 10 Agencies Reporting Fatal and with Incapacitating A Injuries, 2011-2015 CASCADE POLICE DEPARTMENT 3 KOHLER POLICE DEPARTMENT 6 PLYMOUTH POLICE DEPARTMENT 10 SHEBOYGAN COUNTY SHERIFF 147 SHEBOYGAN FALLS POLICE DEPARTMENT 8 SHEBOYGAN POLICE DEPARTMENT 71 WISCONSIN STATE PATROL 10 TOTAL 255 These agencies could work together to coordinate their enforcement to arrive at a strategy to prevent serious from occurring. Contact Information RPM Mike Panosh (920) 360-2858 Michael.Panosh@dot.wi.gov SPM Jacqueline Kamin (608) 709-0085 Jacqueline.Kamin@dot.wi.gov 17