Chapter 5 Section 3 Democracy and Greece s Golden Age Age of Pericles 461-429 Athens reaches peak of power" Democracy also reaches peak" Prosperity and stability, glorifying Athens" 1
Age of Pericles 461-429 Athens reaches peak of power" Democracy also reaches peak" Prosperity and stability" Delian League benefits Athens most because they make all the decisions, but everyone else pays." Eventually moved to Athens from Delos" The Arts of the Golden Age 400 B.C. Greece" New Era of cultural progress.(golden Age)" Athens stood as the symbol of Greeceʼs Golden Age." Athens was wealthy and powerful which drew artists and teachers from across Greece." 2
Architecture Athenians surrounded themselves with beauty." Showed pride by building temples, gymnasiums, and theaters." High hill called the Acropolis was center of the original city-state." Best site for artistic creations." Magnificent Gate marked entrance." Nearby is a tall bronze statue of the Goddess Athena." Architecture At the top of Acropolis is the Parthenon." Finest example of Greek architecture." Balanced proportions." Doors but few windows." Columns surrounded structure." Inside was a big statue of Athena" Ivory and Gold" About 38 feet high" 3
On top of the Acropolis stood the Parthenon, a white marble temple built in honor of Athena. Considered the finest example of Greek architecture." These structures were built as shrines to honor Greek gods. Columns also called colonnade, surrounded the structure. They had sculpted figures painted in bright colors decorated the marble above the columns. Inside there is a large statue of Athena, that was made of ivory and gold, that rose 38 feet high. Parthenon 4
Painting Important form of Art." Most has been damaged or lost." Best paintings found on vases." Illustrated scenes of everyday life." Show contour and depth." Started painting styles from other cultures then transformed to their own." Sculpture Original works are rare today." Egyptian influence." 400 B.C. sculptors were making lifelike figures." Used proportions to make realistic works." 5
Sculpture Myron" One of the two famous sculptors." The Discuss Thrower.! Phidias" Second of the famous sculptors." Statues of Athena" Decorated the Acropolis and the Parthenon" Created statue of Zeus at the Temple of Olympia." 40 feet high" One of the Seven Wonders of the World." Sculpture Praxiteles" Lived about 100 years after Phidias." Different, unique kinds of sculptures." Lifelike and normal size." Expressed the beauty of the human body." 6
The Nature of Greek Art Reflected their own views through art." Art glorified human beings." Lots of their art reflected gods and goddesses." Expressed how they thank their gods." Took pride in their city-states." 7
Peloponnesian War 431 BC - tension between Athens and Sparta 27 year war Sparta army strong Athens strong navy - ships food in. Peloponnesian War 8
Peloponnesian War 431 BC - tension between Athens and Sparta 27 year war Sparta army strong Athens strong navy - ships food in. Plague hits and kills many (Pericles) 415 BC Athens attack Syracuse in Sicily 404 BC Naval Blockade - Sparta makes alliance with Persia to starve Athens out. SPARTA WINS Athens becomes a second rate power. 9
Philosophers Search for Truth Socrates Plato Aristotle Socrates 470-399 BC One of the most important thinkers of new era. Education key to personal growth Insisted that students be trained to think for themselves. Ask questions (teaching through questioning = Socratic Method) 10
Socrates Loved, but had powerful enemies. (Made public officials look stupid) Criticized democracy, unskilled people should not hold positions of power. Came into conflict with Sophist (Athenian teachers) Enemies falsely accuse him of denying the existence of many Greek gods. Does not defend himself. Found guilty and executed. 427-347 BC #40 Wealthy young aristocrat. Greatest of Socrates students. Founded Academy Special school in Athens to teach philosophy Most important idea was the Theory of Forms The Republic perfect state in which ethics, virtue and reason were in balance. Plato #40 11
Plato Advocates the pursuit of wisdom rather the acceptance of dogma. Ideal Government, ruled by upper class.(socrates death bittered him on democracy) Not an aristocracy of birth or wealth, but rather philosophers, chosen for wisdom and ability. Writings reflect Socrates and himself. 384-322 BC #13 Father a physician (Macedonia) Plato s student (20yrs) Philosopher & Scientist Alexander the Greats tutor. Finances his research in later years. Study things Organizing Classifying Defining Aristotle #14 12
Wrote 170 books 47 have survived Ethics - what brings people happiness. Poetics - analyzed Greek drama (good & bad) Government-monarchy democracy, aristocracy all good forms. (combine all 3 to form a limited democracy) Aristotle 569-475 BC Everything could be explained in terms of mathematics. Pythagorean theorem Length of the longest side of a right triangle can be found if the lengths of the other 2 sides is known. Pythagoras 13
Hippocrates 460-377 BC Father of Medicine 60 to 70 medical studies Observation, experimentation, experience. Disease comes from natural causes (not punishment from the gods) Rest, fresh air, proper diet = best cures based on reason not magic. Hippocratic oath. 484-425 BC First Historian Father of history Traveled to Babylonia, Phoenicia, Egypt. Writer and Story teller. (his views tell us about their cultures. Herodotus 14
460-400 BC History of Peloponnesian War Studying the past helps understand human nature. Tried to make history accurate and fair. Thucydides Dramas, tragedies & comedies Only males pr eformed Awarded prizes based on beauty and wisdom of the play. Greek Theater 15