The Public Transport System of Zurich Achievements and Challenges 17.05.2016 Dominik Brühwiler, Head of ZVV Transport Planning Dept. Danish Rail Conference 2016 1
Swiss public transport traffic stream Canton of Zürich = 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 2
Contents Comparison Danmark Switzerland Achievements and remarkable aspects of the public transport system of Zurich and Switzerland Actual challenges 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 3
Comparison Danmark - Switzerland Danmark Switzerland Inhabitants 5.7 Mio. 8.3 Mio. Area 42 900km 2 41 300km 2 Density 132 Inh./km 2 Danmark 354 Inh./km 2 Sjælland 200 Inh./km 2 Switzerland 426 Inh./km 2 Low Land 837 Inh./ km 2 Zürich GDP [PPP] [37 000 $] / 59'000$ [43 000 $] / 81'000$ < 1080 m.a.s. 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 4
Rail Trips per Person and Year in Europe 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 5
Kilometer per Person and Year (Railways) 2429 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 6
Number of trains per route and days spent on rail network in 2011 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 7
Organisation of Public Transport Zurich Region Cantonal Government 171 municipalities ZVV Zurich Transport Authority 8 transport companies with market responsibility 43 additional transport companies 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 8
The Zurich Transport Authority ZVV ZVV Duties / Responsibilities Specification of the transport services offered Determining the fare Financing the transport operators within the system Planning and financing infrastructural measures Commercializing ZVVs services within the system Refinancing the system 51 Operators, > 1800 vehicles 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 9
The areas of the market responsible transport companies Transport service on rail, bus and boat routes Compilation of detailed timetables Contact with the municipalities Management of other operators within their market area "Leadhouses" / "one for all" tasks for the whole public transport system 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 10
"Leadhouses" Network plans Event ticket Integration Distribution Quality management Security organisation Ticket control timetable server / information (web, app, print) OCC School education 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 11
Duties of the licensed transport operators Transport service on rail, bus and boat routes Annual agreement on remuneration The level of remuneration is independent of the ticket receipts obtained and the number of passengers carried = no allocation of revenues Obligation to respect minimum conditions of employment Bonus for the quality of service attained (customer survey) No influence on timetable 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 12
Successful? 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 13
Public transport grows private car traffic stabilized Zurich City Limits commuter trains 456 000 Pass./day equivalent at peak hour: 16-lane motorway private car traffic 1990 2014: population +23% 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 14
Modal-Shift in the Canton of Zurich 1994-2010 66% 67% 60% 57% 69% of commuters go to work and school by public transport 21% 22% 28% 32% 5% 3% 3% 2% 8% 8% 8% 8% other private cars public transport slow traffic 1994 2000 2005 2010 Angaben: Anteil der pro Tag und Person im Durchschnitt zurückgelegte km nach Verkehrsmitteln Filter: Inlandwege von Zielpersonen mit Wohnort im Kanton Zürich Mikrozensus Mobilität und Verkehr 2010 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 15
Number of Cars per 1000 Inhabitants City of Zürich Copenhagen City: 237 (2012) 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 16
Possible Explanations for the high usage network attractive network total journey time frequency network density reliability easy access 100% integrated regional ticket system basic settings organisation political majorities for concerns of public transport generally positive attitude towards public transport Public Transport Authority with many control options Infrastructure investment fund and financing of operations strong involvement of operating companies 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 17
Attractive Network through optimized Transport Chain door-to-door most relevant factors easy access memorable timetable / uncomplicated ticket buying competitive total journey time compared to private cars high frequency of services whole transport chain reliability punctual services and guaranteed connections network/timetable and network access/ticket/information 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 18
Easy Memorizeable Timetable The Main National Public Transport Hubs 00/15/30/45 Regular interval timetable (1982) Fixed hub timings very frequent services, often low load factor ( 125P/train) interval families (60min 30min 15min - 7.5min) 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 19
ca. 50 km Zurich Public Transport Network Regional Hubs 00/30-15/45 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 20
Better Connctions Interval Families and fixed hubs Interval [min] 120 60 30 15 7.5 International ( ) Inter City ( ) Regional / S-Bahn Regional Bus Local Bus / Tramway Possible hub times 00 00 or 30 00/30 or 15/45 00/15/ 30/45 no hub 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 21
Simple and Understandable Timetables 15-30km = 30 interval < 15km = 15 interval accel. commuter train 30-50km = 30 interval commuter trains accel. commuter trains InterCity trains Zürich interval families 7.5 15 30 60 connecting buses optimising connections train - train train - bus 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 22
108 Departures per Hour in an empty Station? Zürich Main Station: 440 000 passengers per working day / ca. 140 Mio / Year 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 23
easy access: the ticket system +/- integrated ticket system nationwide by law 100% integrated regional ticket systems 100% open system: no reservations, no supplements, no access gates, no time restrictions 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 24
Holders of a travel subscriptions per age group (in %)! higher income correlates with higher use of public transport higher use of public transport correlates with lower BMI 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 25
subsidies? Zurich Public Transport Authority Comparison between 1996 and 2011: train kilometers: + 70% total cost: + 39% revenue: + 81% deficit: + 8% (population +16%) Ticket prices: + 15% cost coverage ratio 2015: 66% 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 26
Conclusions Key elements: tight network and good connections Low entry hurdles: one ticket for the whole trip (law!) Railways can be extremely area efficient Many positive side effects: energy efficient, better air quality, less highways to build, public health?, Higher use of tracks and trains = lower relative track construction costs (limited!) Regular interval timetable = higher productivity of trains and staff Less subsidies per capita 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 27
Thank you for your attention be reasonable: drive at 78mph in town. 17.05.2016 Danish Rail Conference 2016 28