The Beginnings of Rome Quiz Study Guide

The Beginnings of Rome Quiz Study Guide

Quiz: What to Know The Legendary founding of Rome (Romulus and Remus) The three groups that inhabited Rome The areas where each group settled Why did groups choose the area of Rome to settle?

Quiz: What to Know The Religious beliefs of the Etruscans Who did they borrow from? What were the gladiator games? What were the catacombs?

Quiz: What to Know What happened to the Etruscan king in 509 B.C.? What kind of government was established? How did the Etruscans influence Roman society? (4 ways) Etruscan s Contributions to Rome You have a graphic organizer for this!!

Lesson Essential Question How was Rome founded?

How was Rome founded? 1.The Legendary Founding of Rome 2.The Historical Founding of Rome

The Legend of Rome: Romulus and Remus

The Founding of Rome: The Evidence

Rome: What really happened... Historians believe several different tribes lived in this area. Latins Etruscans Greeks

Why did groups settle in this area? Fertile soil Water (for trading and protection) Mild climate Dense forests for timber.

The Latins

The Latins They were considered the first Romans. (Romulus and Remus were Latins.) Settled on the Palatine Hill PaLATINe Hill This area is also known as Latium. (This is the hill that Romulus would call Rome.)

What did most Latins perform as an occupation? Most people of Latium were farmers. Main crops: wheat and barley.

700 B.C.E.

How did the Latins transport materials from the coast? They built gravel roads to bring goods from the coast.

The Etruscans

The Etruscans They were considered Rome s first highly civilized people. People from the Sea Traders and Merchants Farmers, Miners, and Engineers Had a strong army Settled in the area known as Etruria Etruscans = Etruria North of the Latins and Palatine Hill

The Etruscan Military

What was the Etruscans secret weapon? Provided better footing, especially on rough or hilly ground. Allowed them to dominate northern Italy Made and used iron weapons They also borrowed the phalanx from the Greeks.

Etruscan Religion

Burial Practices The Etruscans believed that life after death lasted longer and was more important than life on Earth. Built tombs out of rock Filled them with art and treasure Dead were buried in catacombs Catacombs: Underground cemeteries Outside each city was a necropolis Necropolis: Cemetery made up of many tombs

Catacombs

Necropolis City of the Dead

Tumuli in the Banditaccia necropolis, Cerveteri, Italy, seventh to second centuries BCE.

ETRUSCAN TOMBS

Etruscan Contributions

Contributions to Roman Civilization The Etruscans were not the first to develop some of these ideas and inventions you are about to see. They were just the first to introduce them to the Latins (future Romans).

Contribution #1 Arches For building bridges and other structures

Contribution #2 Rome s First Sewer System

Sewer System

Contribution #3 Drained Swamps for Forums, Farms, and more habitable land

Forum Public square or meeting place

The Etruscan Alphabet Borrowed from the Greeks

Gladiator Games

Gladiator Games (Background) Big banquets were held when a noble died. During these funerals, two slaves of the dead noble would fight with swords and shields. After being congratulated, the winner was executed. the spirit of the dead slave would accompany the dead noble in the underworld.

Gladiator Games Gladiatorial games Games of fighting for entertainment Men vs. Men Men vs. Animals Animals vs. Animals

Gladiatorial Games

Triumphs Paradesto welcome home soldiers

Triumph

City Planning

City Planning Etruscans built the first temple on the Capitoline hill. Capitoline = Capitoline It remains the center of Rome s city government, or municipal.

Municipal a city or local government

The Greeks Contributions to the Romans

Architecture The Parthenon in Athens

The Pantheon in Rome

The Alphabet and Writing Style The Etruscans borrowed and changed the Greek alphabet. The Romans and Greeks both wrote in ALL CAPS. The Romans carved important laws and treaties into stone or bronze plaques, just like the Greeks. Many Roman writers were inspired by Greek poetry, plays, and myths.

Roman Writing

Religion At first, the Romans were polytheistic (belief in many gods) They adapted many of the Greek gods as their own, but gave them different names.

Gods Greek Zeus Poseidon Hades Hermes Aphrodite Ares Apollo Athena Roman Jupiter Neptune Pluto Mercury Venus Mars Apollo Minerva