A Snapshot of Sanitation and Open Defecation in 10 Update A regional perspective based on data from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation UNICEF/NYHQ10-1999/Asselin Third n Conference on Sanitation and Hygiene Kigali, Rwanda 19 21 July, 11 WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation
AMCOW regional sanitation coverage trends Sanitation coverage trends 1990 08, AMCOW regions, sub-saharan and all of 43 33 35 29 36 21 24 15 6 5 4 1 6 36 33 Open Defecation 13 24 21 10 11 43 15 14 50 47 12 37 21 72 89 28 31 14 36 18 18 41 facilities facilities Improved facilities 1990 08 1990 08 1990 08 1990 08 1990 08 1990 08 1990 08 Eastern Western Southern Central Northern Sub-Saharan Sub-Saharan comprises of the countries in the AMCOW regions of Central, Eastern, Southern and Western Due to rounding and different ways of aggregating regional data, the sum of the individual regional data does not necessarily match the regional aggregates of sub-saharan and Urban, rural and total sanitation coverage data 1990-08 Population (millions) Population using improved sanitation Population using shared sanitation Population using unimproved sanitation Population practising open defecation Population without sanitation Urban-Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Eastern 1990 60 121 181 37% 19% % 32% 10% 13% 15% % % % 48% 43% 63% 81% 78% 08 125 3 288 40% % % 37% 12% % 14% 24% % 9% 41% 33% 60% 77% 73% Western 1990 28 138 6 35% % % 36% 14% 21% 19% % % 10% 47% 35% 65% 77% 73% 08 63 5 268 35% % % 38% 13% 24% % 24% % 11% 43% 29% 65% 80% 73% Southern 1990 38 68 106 65% 30% 43% % 9% 11% 9% 10% 10% 10% 51% 36% 35% 70% 57% 08 69 89 158 68% 35% 50% % 12% 14% 11% 19% 15% 5% 34% 21% 32% 65% 50% Central 1990 42 62 35% 9% % % 4% 12% 32% 55% 47% 6% 32% 24% 65% 91% 83% 08 41 63 104 33% % % % 18% 21% 37% 36% 37% 3% % 15% 67% 77% 73% Northern 1990 59 62 121 91% 55% 72% 6% 4% 5% 0% 12% 6% 3% 29% % 9% 45% 28% 08 87 77 4 94% 83% 89% 6% 6% 6% 0% 2% 1% 0% 9% 4% 6% % 11% Sub-Saharan 1990 147 371 518 43% 21% 28% 29% 10% % % % % 11% 47% 36% 57% 79% 72% 08 301 521 8 44% 24% 31% 31% 13% % % 25% % 8% 38% % 56% 76% 69% 1990 5 434 639 57% 26% 36% % 9% 14% 11% 21% % 9% 44% 33% 43% 74% 64% 08 388 599 987 55% 32% 41% % 12% 18% 12% 21% 18% 6% 35% % 45% 68% 59%
Perspectives on progress towards the MDG sanitation target 18 countries in sub-saharan are performing better than the regional average Nine countries in are on track for meeting the MDG sanitation target MDG progress measurement Comparative indicator On track: Performing above the regional average Coverage rate in 08 >95%, or was within 5 per cent of the 08 rate required to meet the MDG target Performing below the regional average Population that gained access to an improved sanitation facility 1995 08 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total population sub-saharan in 08 91 million = ----------------- = 11.1% of the current population gained access since 1995 8 million Progress but insufficient: Coverage rate in 08 was between 5 per cent and 10 per cent below the 08 rate required to meet the MDG target Not on track: Coverage rate in 08 was the same or lower than the rate in 1990 or more than 10 per cent below the 08 rate required to meet the MDG target, No or insufficient data: Data were unavailable or insufficient to estimate trends Only Northern already surpassed its MDG sanitation target all other regions are set to miss it. 100 Northern 89 86 Coverage (%) 80 MDG targets 72 68 64 61 59 60 Southern 40 50 41 Western Central Eastern Current trend Trend needed to meet the MDG target 0 1990 08 15
The number of people practising open defecation has increased In 10 countries in more than half the population practises open defecation More than one third of the rural population in practises open defecation while in urban areas only six per cent of the population does not use any toilet facility Urban National Practice of open defecation, 08 No open defecation 1% 10% 11% 25% 26% 50% More than 50% No or insufficient data 1 million people in practised open defecation in 08 Rural Sanitation coverage trends by population,1990 08 600 Urban Eastern 90 million Western 84 million Population (millions) 500 400 24 million 300 0 million 213 million 100 1 million 0 1990 08 600 Rural Southern 33 million Eastern, 90 Western, 84 Population (millions) 500 7 million 400 191 million 300 0 100 Southern, 33 Central, Northern, 7 190 million 113 million 0 1990 Improved sanitation 08 Public and shared facilities facilities Urban/rural disparities in the population without improved sanitation, sub-saharan,1990 and 08 (millions)
08 sanitation coverage levels Eritrea Niger Chad Burkina Faso Ethiopia Benin Togo Sao Tome and Principe Somalia Namibia Mauritania Liberia Mozambique Cape Verde Sudan Lesotho Madagascar Guinea-Bissau Côte d'ivoire SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Zimbabwe Sierra Leone Angola AFRICA Nigeria Guinea Ghana Central n Rep. Senegal Zambia Morocco Swaziland Mali Botswana Kenya Tanzania Uganda DR Congo Malawi South Djibouti Congo Cameroon Tunisia Gambia Algeria Rwanda Gabon Burundi Mauritius Comoros Egypt 85 79 65 64 60 60 55 55 54 53 53 49 42 42 41 40 32 31 25 24 19 18 15 13 10 10 9 8 8 8 5 5 4 4 3 1 1 0 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Coverage (%) Improved facilities Public and shared facilities facilities
Improved For more data and information on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation visit: www.wssinfo.org Improved Improved Sanitation coverage data 08 Sanitation Coverage (%) Population Urban Rural Total Population gaining access Total Urban 1990-08 Country (x 1,000) (%) Rest of (x 1,000) Angola 18,021 57 86-13 1 18-29 53 57 - sub-saharan 7,606 Algeria 34,373 65 98-1 1 88-2 10 95-1 4 10,1 Benin 8,662 41 24 34 11 31 4 10 6 80 12 8 60 800 Botswana 1,921 60 74 7 18 1 39 11 12 38 60 9 15 666 Burkina Faso 15,4 33 39 8 6 7 10 77 11 10 15 64 1,147 Burundi 8,074 10 49 2 46 4 49 1 46 6 47 1 1,214 Cameroon 19,088 57 56 26 1 35 8 47 10 47 13 35 5 3,2 Cape Verde 499 60 65-2 33 38-6 56 54-4 42 Ethiopia 110* Central n Republic 4,339 39 43 24 30 3 28 14 31 34 18 28 1,153 Chad 10,914 19 42 4 5 Sudan 8 83 9 9 65 6 Comoros 661 28 50 3 46 1 30 2 68 0 36 2 62 0 3 Congo 3,615 61 31 31 36 2 29 37 18 30 25 37 8 - Nigeria Côte d'ivoire,591 49 36 24 35 5 11 12 29 48 18 32 2,214 Democratic Republic of the Congo 64,257 34 33 42 2 41 14 26 41 10 11,448 Djibouti 849 87 63 5 32 0 10 1 28 61 56 4 32 8 106 Egypt 81,5 43 97 3 0 0 92 6 2 0 94 5 1 0 35,264 Equatorial Guinea 659 39 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Eritrea 4,9 21 52-7 41 4-0 96 14-1 85 406 Ethiopia 80,713 29 34 29 8 8 2 19 71 12 7 21 60 7,754 Gabon 1,448 85 33 36 30 1 30 25 43 2 33 34 32 1 83* Gambia 1,660 57 68 4 1 65 14 14 7 67 21 8 4 454* Ghana,351 50 18 70 5 7 7 38 21 34 13 54 13 1,988 Guinea 9,833 34 34 42 1 11 6 50 33 19 18 41 1,315 Guinea-Bissau 1,575 30 49 8 41 2 9 0 48 43 21 2 46 31 138* Kenya 38,765 51 2 32 18 32 18 31 25 29 15 5,925 Lesotho 2,049 25 40 35 8 25 3 21 51 29 11 40 82 Liberia 3,793 60 25 25 30 4 12 7 77 14 49 407 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 6,294 78 97-3 0 96-4 - 97-3 0 1,868 Madagascar 19,111 29 15 28 39 18 10 35 38 11 37 32 1,0 Malawi 14,846 19 51 42 5 2 57 24 8 11 56 8 9 4,344 Mali 12,706 32 45 25 26 4 32 14 33 21 36 18 30 2,324 Mauritania 3,215 41 50 18 9 4 8 79 26 10 11 53 518 Mauritius 1,280 42 93 7 0 0 90 7 3 0 91 7 2 0 3 Morocco 31,606 56 83 14 3 0 52 6 4 38 69 10 4 8,741 Mozambique,383 37 38 7 41 14 4 1 36 59 3 38 42 2,315 Namibia 2,130 37 60 5 18 4 6 73 33 9 5 53 349 Niger 14,704 34 25 21 4 2 3 91 9 6 6 79 928 Nigeria 151,212 48 36 38 14 12 28 14 31 32 26 12,373 Rwanda 9,721 18 50 18 31 1 55 6 36 3 54 8 35 3 3,605 Sao Tome and Principe 0 61 30 4 49 19 5 12 64 26 4 15 55 15* Senegal 12,211 42 69 19 10 2 38 10 21 31 51 14 19 3,363 Seychelles 84 56 97-2 1 - - - - - - - - - Sierra Leone 5,560 38 24 47 25 4 6 18 40 36 13 29 34 24 319* Somalia 8,926 37 52 30 15 3 6 6 5 83 15 8 54 636* South 49,668 61 84 10 4 2 65 9 9 77 10 5 8 12,890 Sudan 41,348 43 55-25 18-24 58 34-25 41 4,847 Swaziland 1,8 25 61 32 5 2 53 6 21 55 6 2* Togo 6,459 42 24 44 9 3 6 13 78 12 11 55 265 Tunisia 10,9 67 96 2 2 0 64 8 14 14 85 4 6 5 2,63` Uganda 31,657 13 38 56 4 2 49 18 11 48 26 10 8,280 United Republic of Tanzania 42,484 25 32 30 36 2 21 21 41 24 40 13 4,087 Zambia 12,6 35 59 2 43 9 26 49 14 19 18 2,545 Zimbabwe 12,463 37 56 40 2 2 37 15 9 39 44 24 7 25 985 Sub-Saharan 8,436 37 44 31 8 24 13 25 38 31 114,344 987,902 39 55 12 6 32 12 21 35 41 18 18 1,7 * 1995-08 estimates are given for Cape Verde, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and Swaziland Data not available to the WHO/UNICEF JMP are marked with a