Peru & Easter Island

Peru & Easter Island Including Machu Picchu & extraordinary archaeological sites in Peru along the North Coast! January 18-31, 2013 Dear Travelers: In 2013, we invite you to join our adventure to Peru & Easter Island, January 18-31, 2013! Come enjoy the Southern Hemisphere in summer as we explore the cultural heritage of Peru, with leadership by Peru expert Dr. Douglas Sharon. Our journey will culminate with a visit to fabled Easter Island where we will be joined by our excellent guide Sabrina Tuki Point. If you would like to explore the cultural heritage of the New World, Peru is one of the best starting points. Peru has a delightful mix of Andean and coastal cultures, religion, Spanish colonial history, and spectacular scenery. It boasts over 5,000 years of human occupation a wealth of cultures and experiences await your discovery. Many cultures have influenced modern Peru: Chavin, Moche, Wari, Lambayeque, Inca, and Spanish. Some examples of the cultures can be found in the archaeological sites, museums, and peoples of today. The coastal cultures north of Lima have produced some of the most massive pyramids and cities in the Peruvian landscape, including the renowned site of Caral, which was inhabited when the Egyptian pyramids were being built. In the Andes, we will visit the crown jewel of archaeology in Peru Machu Picchu as well as the famous Inca capital of Cusco and the Ollantaitambo archaeological site. The amazing circular terraces in Moray will also be of interest. We will return to Lima to fly west 2,500 miles to Easter Island, the eastern corner of the Polynesian Triangle. Here we ll explore another rich cultural landscape quite different than the thousands of years of culture in Peru, but equally intriguing and fascinating. Hundreds of 10 to 30 foot moais are found on Easter Island, carved out of the volcanic rock. Many moais can be seen in different stages of production and others have been uprighted and replaced on platforms facing out to sea. We will also become acquainted with contemporary Easter Island culture. We hope you will join us on this unique adventure to explore the cultural and archaeological wonders of two masterpieces Peru and legendary Easter Island! Best regards, Margaret M. Betchart President, Betchart Expeditions Inc. for AAAS, Sigma Xi & ACS

LEADERSHIP Leading this expedition will be Dr. Douglas Sharon, former Director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology at UC Berkeley and San Diego Museum of Man, and popular leader of many of our Peru Expedition in the last 10 years. Joining him in Easter Island will be our excellent guide Sabrina Tuki Point. Doug first went to Peru with the Andean Explorers Club and then returned to the US to focus his research on the diverse cultures of Latin America and the shaman s ancient healing art. His research has produced many scientific articles and books, and the award winning film, Eduardo the Healer. Dr. Sharon was instrumental in acquiring protection for Chachapoya mummy bundles found in steep cliff tombs on the edge of the jungle. With his many contacts he was able to assist the scientific community in protect ing the intact remains before word leaked out and looters moved in. Doug goes to Peru each summer to direct an ethnobotanical research project in the Chiclayo area. Sabrina was born on Easter Island and after attending the University in Santiago, she returned to Easter Island where she lives with her husband and child. She has been a guide on Easter Island for many years and has been a popular leader of Betchart groups. Doug and Sabrina look forward to sharing the wonders of Peru and Easter Island with you! ITINERARY Day 1 Miami to Lima, Peru Fly from Miami to Lima, Peru, arriving in the evening. Transfer to the Casa Andina Miraflores Centro Hotel. Day 2 Lima to Barranca Our introduction to Peru will begin today with a city tour, including the Plaza de Armas and visit to the Larco Museum which features a chronological overview of 3,000 years of Peruvian pre-columbian history. There is a superb gold and silver collection from ancient Peru. This afternoon, we will drive up the coast two hours to the town of Barranca, situated close to the extraordinary site of Caral in the Supe Valley. Hotel Chavin. B,D Day 3 Caral & Trujillo This morning, we will depart for the archaeological complex of Caral which archaeologists believe is part of the oldest civilization in South America. This civilization arose in the Supe valley 4,500 to 5,000 years ago, making it one of the earliest city-states in the world, along with Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. Caral was a thriving metropolis at the time that Egypt s great pyramids were being built. Caral appears to have been a model for other Andean civilizations that developed over the next several thousand years. A knotted quipu has been found at Caral, which may link it to the Inca civilization which used quipu as a record-keeping system. Also of interest from the site are flutes and cornets made from deer and llama bones. We will continue up the coast to Trujillo later today. Hotel Los Conquistadores, Trujillo (2 nights). B,L,D Day 4 Trujillo Moche Pyramid of the Moon & Chan Chan The Moche civilization blossomed in northern Peru near Trujillo from about 100 800 AD. A sophisticated culture, the Moche were known for their ceramics, gold work, and systems to capture water from the Andes to irrigate their crops on the river floodplains. The rivers and valleys which descend from the Andes, across the dry coastal plains to the Pacific Ocean, have long been the focal point of early civilization and development in Peru. This morning, we will visit one of the greatest pyramids from this civilization the Moche Pyramid of the Moon. It remains largely intact and includes murals with intricate designs.

This afternoon we will visit Chan Chan, one of the largest pre-columbian cities in South America, 5 km west of Trujillo, and designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chan Chan was developed by the Chimu, who evolved from the Moche civilization, and was a vital city until its conquest by the Incas in 1470 AD. There are 10 walled citadels, made of adobe brick, and covered with attractive designs of fish, turtles, geometric patterns, and more! An intricate irrigation system supported the city. B,L,D Day 5 Chiclayo & Treasures of the Lord of Sipan This morning, we depart for Chiclayo, a city founded by the Spanish explorers in the 16th century. Previously the Moche civilization occupied the area, and also the Lambayeque culture which formed toward the end of the Moche civilization, incorporating much of their knowledge and cultural traditions. The tomb of the Lord of Sipan was discovered in 1987 in a Moche culture site. It was found intact and has yielded extraordinary treasures which we will see today at the Lord of Sipan Museum. In the tomb were jewelry and ornaments, including an amazing necklace made with beads of gold, signifying masculinity and the sun god, and beads of silver, for femininity and the moon god. We will also visit the Witches Market. Casa Andina Select Chiclayo Hotel. B,L,D Day 6 Lima to Cusco Heart of the Inca Empire We will fly to Lima for morning, and take a connecting flight to Cusco the heart of the Inca Empire which is situated in a scenic valley at 10,800 feet in the Andes. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. Our visit to Cusco will begin with a city tour including the archaeological site of Sacsayhuaman, which was a fortress of an early pre-inca culture. The first Spanish arrived in 1533 and buildings thereafter in Cusco had a mixed Spanish and Inca indigenous architecture. Many buildings in Cusco are built on Inca foundations which we can see today. The Spanish replaced indigenous temples with Catholic churches and convents, a cathedral, and university. An earth quake in 1950 exposed the Inca granite walls of the Koricancha Temple. We will explore this fascinating city this afternoon. Casa Andina Cusco Hotel. B,D Day 7 Chinchero, Moray & Ollantaitambo This morning, we will drive through spectacular Andean scenery to Chinchero, which is surrounded by dramatic Andean peaks. Manko Inka ordered the destruction of Chinchero in the early 1570 s so that the Spanish invaders would find neither food nor lodging there. In 1572, the Spanish started to build the Catholic Church which we can see there today. An Inca Palace was discovered beneath the Catholic Church in the 1960 s. We will explore this traditional Andean village where we will meet villagers who dress in traditional clothing, speak Quechua, and maintain their age-old customs, including weaving. We will continue to the archaeological site of Moray, with fascinating circular terraces, and then to Ollantaitambo, one of the most impressive architectural complexes in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. We will then board the train for Aguas Caliente and Machu Picchu. Hatun Inti Hotel or other. B,L Day 8 Machu Picchu Today, we will learn how Yale archaeologist Hiram Bingham slowly worked his way through the Andes, following stories and the trail of artifacts to discover the magnificent mountaintop site of Machu Picchu in 1911.

(The site was never found by the Spanish during their conquest.) Machu Picchu has hundreds of dwellings, temples, water fountains, astronomical platforms, and terraces for agriculture, with the sacred peak of Wayna Picchu towering above it. Occupied since the early 1400 s, legends and myths indicate that Machu Picchu was a sacred place from a far earlier time. High above the Urubamba River, the ruins include palaces, baths, temples, storage rooms, and about 150 houses. We will explore the site and enjoy the dramatic perspective of the Andes, the plunging drop to the Urubamba River, and the fascinating archaeological complex of Machu Picchu itself. The Intihuatana ( Hitching Post of the Sun ) is a precise indicator of the date of the two equinoxes. Return to Cusco by train and coach. Casa Andina Classic Cusco Hotel. B,L Day 9 Cusco to Lima & Easter Island We will have the day at leisure to continue to explore Cusco, to discover more historic sites, museums, or shops. Transfer to the airport for a late afternoon flight to Lima. Have dinner, then take our flight to Easter Island, another fascinating cultural center, late this evening. B,D Day 10 Easter Island Ahu Akivi Arrive on Easter Island this morning and transfer to Hotel Otai (3 nights), an excellent small hotel within walking distance to all in Hanga Roa, the capital and population center. Our Easter Island guide will give us a short introduction as we begin our exploration of Easter Island. Today is Sunday, and we will walk up the street to enjoy the wonderful singing at early mass. We ll then depart for the interior of the island and gain our first impressions of Easter Island culture as we visit the restored archaeological site of Ahu Akivi with seven moais. Per the oral traditions these statues represent the 7 messengers of King Hotu Matua who came to explore this far away island for their king and people. Enjoy a light lunch on the terrace of our hotel, and afternoon at leisure. Dinner on your own. B,L Day 11 Ahus Vaihu Rano Raraku & Ahu Tongariki Today we will drive to the South Coast and visit representative examples of unrestored platforms, Ahus Vaihu and Akahanga. Proceed to Rano Raraku, the quarry with almost 900 stone statues, 397 of them still lying or standing on the slopes of the extinct volcano in different stages of completion. Here we will spend time leisurely walking around trying to comprehend what happened some hundreds of years ago at this spectacular site. Enjoy a box lunch in this famous setting. Then visit Ahu Tongariki (with 15 restored moais), most recently reconstructed after being destroyed by a tidal wave in 1960, and the most impressive restoration on the island. After a day full of new experiences and impressions, drive back to our hotel. Then have a special lecture by Christian Arevalo, co-director of the Easter Island Survey Project with Dr. JoAnne Van Tilberg of UCLA who has done research on Easter Island the last 30 years. B,L Day 12 Easter Island Orongo & Anakena In the morning, we will drive up the extinct volcano Rano Kau. Appreciate on the way a view over the whole island and see its distinct volcanic features. We will proceed to a breathtaking outlook at the crater lake of Rano Kau. Afterwards drive to the ceremonial village of Orongo, where the birdman competition took place. Here you can see the spectacular petroglyphs related to this tradition. Drive down to Ahu Vinapu (not restored) which reminds us of pre-inca architecture with its precisely cut stone slabs. Then drive to Ana Kai Tangata cave with its wall paintings. In mid-afternoon explore the east coast and visit the unrestored Ahu Te Pito Kura and the Navel of the World. We will see the beach of Anakena, visit restored Ahus Nau Nau and Ature Huke and take some time off under palm trees

or swim in the warm southern Pacific Ocean. Farewell dinner in celebration of our journey! B,D Days 13 &14 Easter Island to Lima & Miami In the morning we will visit the archaeological site of Takai with three restored Ahus and moais. Here we will finally see a statue with its eyes reinserted. There are also restored remains of boathouses, a boat ramp, and other ancient types of construction. Visit the museum close by and the church with its interesting woodcarvings. Fly to Lima for overnight then take a connecting flight to Miami the next day, arriving in the late afternoon on January 31. B Responsibility: Betchart Expeditions Inc., the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, and the American Chemical Society (ACS) act only as agents for the passenger with respect to transpor tation and hotels, and exercise every care possible. However, we can assume no liability for injury, damage, delay, loss, accident or irregularity in connection with the services of any airplane, ship, motorcoach, or any other conveyance used in carrying out the arrangements of the tour. We cannot accept any responsibility for losses or additional expenses due to delay or changes in air or other services, sickness, weather, strike, war, quarantine, terrorism, acts of God, or other causes beyond our control. All such losses or expenses will have to be borne by the passenger, as tour rates pro vide for arrange ments only for the time stated. We reserve the right to substitute another leader of similar expertise or reserve the right to cancel any tour prior to departure, in which case the entire payment will be refunded with no further obligation on our part. The right is also reserved to decline to accept or retain any per son as a member of the tour. No refund will be made for the unused portion of any tour unless arrange ments are made in sufficient time to avoid penalties. The price of the program is based on current tariffs and rates, and is subject to change. Any tariff, exchange rate, or fuel increases will be passed on to participants. Baggage is carried at the owner s risk entirely. It is understood that the air ticket when issued shall constitute the sole contract between the passenger and the airline concerned. The airlines concerned are not to be held responsible for any act, omission, or event during the time passengers are not on board their plane or conveyance. 2012 Betchart Expeditions Inc. All rights reserved. Photographs by Jack & Kathy Propp, David Morrison and colleagues in Peru and Easter Island. Map by April Milne. CST# 2036304-40 Yes! I/We want to join the Peru & Easter Island Expedition, January 18 31, 2013, offered by AAAS Travels, Sigma Xi & ACS Expeditions. Please reserve space(s) on the expedition. As a deposit, I/we have enclosed a check for $ ($1,000 per person), payable to Betchart Expeditions Inc. Trust Account. Name(s) Age Age Address City State Zip Phone: Home ( ) Work RESERVATIONS #1250 ( ) Email Address Membership: AAAS Sigma Xi ACS Planetary Society Accommodations Preference: Twin Single Twin Share: with a friend or Nonsmoker Smoker assign a roommate Signature Date Signature Date Please Mail To: Peru & Easter Island 2013 Betchart Expeditions Inc. 17050 Montebello Road Cupertino, CA 95014-5345 & SIGMA XI &ACSExpeditions THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SOCIETY

Peru & Easter Island AAAS Travels ACS & Sigma Xi Expeditions BETCHART EXPEDITIONS Inc. 17050 Montebello Road, Cupertino, CA 95014-5435 FIRST CLASS Explore the Cultural Heritage of Peru & Easter Island! January 18 31, 2013 COSTS & CONDITIONS Trip Fee: $4,895 per person twin share plus air fare of $1,795 from Miami to Peru and Easter Island, round trip, including Peru in-tour flights. Expedition Fee Includes: Land transport; group airport transfers; accommodations twin share; meals as indicated; entrance fees; tips to local guides and drivers; baggage handling, leadership, administration. Expedition Fee Does Not Include: Air fare (quoted separately); independent transfers; some meals; gratuity to expedition leader; personal items such as laundry, phone calls, alcoholic beverages, snacks; personal insurance; or foreign airport departure taxes. What to Expect: This expedition is for travelers who would enjoy exploring the cultural heritage and archaeological wonders of Peru and Easter Island. Leading the expedition will be Peru expert Dr. Douglas Sharon and an excellent guide in Easter Island, Sabrina Tuki Point. In Peru, we will explore the ancient archaeological sites along the north coast from Lima to Chiclayo, and then fly to Cusco to see ancient Inca sites in the Andes, including Machu Picchu, Moray, and Ollantaitambo. There will be sightseeing in Lima and Cusco, museum visits, and opportunities to discover the cultural heritage of the Andes and Peruvian coast region. We will then fly from Lima to Easter Island for four days of discovery on this fascinating island, 2500 miles to the west. Weather will be pleasant and summery with temperatures in the 80s in the lowlands and spring-like around Cusco, with some chance of rain. The expedition will be a tremendous experience for travelers with an appetite for adventure who would enjoy a chance to explore Peru and Easter Island with superb leaders. (No smoking in vehicles, during lectures, or meals please.) Air Fare & Airline Ticketing: Air fare quoted is based on a group fare with Lan Airlines from Miami to Lima and Easter Island, round trip, including flights Cusco-Lima. round trip. All air bookings will be handled by Betchart Expeditions Inc. AIR FARES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE UNTIL TICKETED. Accommodations: Are in comfortable first class hotels, twin share with private bath. All hotels are in the heart of things, well situated for visiting museums, restaurants, and other sights. Singles are $795 additional. Reservations, Deposits, & Payments: Please mail a deposit of $500 per person with the completed reservation form to: Peru & Easter Island 2013 Betchart Expeditions Inc. 17050 Montebello Road Cupertino, CA 95014-5435 The balance is due 60 days before departure. Questions: Please call Marisa at Betchart Expeditions Inc. Telephone: (800) 252 4910 or (408) 252 4910 Fax: (408) 252 1444 Email: Marisa@betchartexpeditions.com Cancellations & Refunds: The initial deposit is refundable up to 60 days before departure less a handling fee of $100 per person. There is no refund after the 60-day period unless your place is resold, then only the $100 per person handling fee is withheld. There are no refunds for unused meals or other expedition features. LEADERSHIP Including Machu Picchu & extraordinary archaeological sites in Peru along the North Coast! January 18-31, 2013 Dear Travelers: In 2013, we invite you to join our adventure to Peru & Easter Island, January 18-31, 2013! Come enjoy the Southern Hemisphere in summer as we explore the cultural heritage of Peru, with leadership by Peru expert Dr. Douglas Sharon. Our journey will culminate with a visit to fabled Easter Island where we will be joined by our excellent guide Sabrina Tuki Point. If you would like to explore the cultural heritage of the New World, Peru is one of the best starting points. Peru has a delightful mix of Andean and coastal cultures, religion, Spanish colonial history, and spectacular scenery. It boasts over 5,000 years of human occupation a wealth of cultures and experiences await your discovery. Many cultures have influenced modern Peru: Chavin, Moche, Wari, Lambayeque, Inca, and Spanish. Some examples of the cultures can be found in the archaeological sites, museums, and peoples of today. The coastal cultures north of Lima have produced some of the most massive pyramids and cities in the Peruvian landscape, including the renowned site of Caral, which was inhabited when the Egyptian pyramids were being built. In the Andes, we will visit the crown jewel of archaeology in Peru Machu Picchu as well as the famous Inca capital of Cusco and the Ollantaitambo archaeological site. The amazing circular terraces in Moray will also be of interest. We will return to Lima to fly west 2,500 miles to Easter Island, the eastern corner of the Polynesian Triangle. Here we ll explore another rich cultural landscape quite different than the thousands of years of culture in Peru, but equally intriguing and fascinating. Hundreds of 10 to 30 foot moais are found on Easter Island, carved out of the volcanic rock. Many moais can be seen in different stages of production and others have been uprighted and replaced on platforms facing out to sea. We will also become acquainted with contemporary Easter Island culture. We hope you will join us on this unique adventure to explore the cultural and archaeo logical wonders of two masterpieces Peru and legendary Easter Island! Best regards, Margaret M. Betchart President, Betchart Expeditions Inc. for AAAS, Sigma Xi & ACS Leading this expedition will be Dr. Douglas Sharon, former Director of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology at UC Berkeley and San Diego Museum of Man, and popular leader of many of our Peru Expedition in the last 10 years. Joining him in Easter Island will be our excellent guide Sabrina Tuki Point. Doug first went to Peru with the Andean Explorers Club and then returned to the US to focus his research on the diverse cultures of Latin America and the shaman s ancient healing art. His research has produced many scientific articles and books, and the award winning film, Eduardo the Healer. Dr. Sharon was instrumental in acquiring protection for Chachapoya mummy bundles found in steep cliff tombs on the edge of the jungle. With his many contacts he was able to assist the scientific community in protecting the intact remains before word leaked out and looters moved in. Doug goes to Peru each summer to direct an ethnobotanical research project in the Chiclayo area. Sabrina was born on Easter Island and after attending the University in Santiago, she returned to Easter Island where she lives with her husband and child. She has been a guide on Easter Island for many years and has been a popular leader of Betchart groups. Doug and Sabrina look forward to sharing the wonders of Peru and Easter Island with you! ITINERARY Day 1 Miami to Lima, Peru Fly from Miami to Lima, Peru, arriving in the evening. Transfer to the Casa Andina Miraflores Centro Hotel. Day 2 Lima to Barranca Our introduction to Peru will begin today with a city tour, including the Plaza de Armas and visit to the Larco Museum which features a chronological overview of 3,000 years of Peruvian pre-columbian history. There is a superb gold and silver collection from ancient Peru. This afternoon, we will drive up the coast two hours to the town of Barranca, situated close to the extraordinary site of Caral in the Supe Valley. Hotel Chavin. B,D Day 3 Caral & Trujillo This morning, we will depart for the archaeological complex of Caral which archaeologists believe is part of the oldest civilization in South America. This civilization arose in the Supe valley 4,500 to 5,000 years ago, making it one of the earliest city-states in the world, along with Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. Caral was a thriving metropolis at the time that Egypt s great pyramids were being built. Caral appears to have been a model for other Andean civilizations that developed over the next several thousand years. A knotted quipu has been found at Caral, which may link it to the Inca civilization which used quipu as a record-keeping system. Also of interest from the site are flutes and cornets made from deer and llama bones. We will continue up the coast to Trujillo later today. Hotel Los Conquistadores, Trujillo (2 nights). B,L,D Day 4 Trujillo Moche Pyramid of the Moon & Chan Chan The Moche civilization blossomed in northern Peru near Trujillo from about 100 800 AD. A sophisticated culture, the Moche were known for their ceramics, gold work, and systems to capture water from the Andes to irrigate their crops on the river floodplains. The rivers and valleys which descend from the Andes, across the dry coastal plains to the Pacific Ocean, have long been the focal point of early civilization and development in Peru. This morning, we will visit one of the greatest pyramids from this civilization the Moche Pyramid of the Moon. It remains largely intact and includes murals with intricate designs.