Lesson #2: Motivators and Barriers Unit 1-2 Understanding Travel and Tourism Table of Content Lesson #2 Overview Quote Fact Travel Motivators Travel Motivators-Activity #1 (Handout: chart paper and markers) Travel Motivators-Activity #2 (Handout: World: Political, atlas) Travel Motivators-Activity #3 (Handout: Travel Motivator, Travel Motivator Star) Travel Barriers Travel Barriers-Activity #4 (Handout: Travel Barriers, Travel Barriers Star) -Activity #5 (Handout: ) -Activity #6 (Handout: Pictures) -Activity #7 (Handout: travel brochures, scissors, glue, chart paper) (Handout: Types of Travelers) -Activity #8(Handout: ) End of Lesson Assignment-Activity #9: Motivators, Barriers and (Handout: Motivators, Barriers and ) OR End of Lesson Assignment-Activity #9: Virtual Visitor! Interest Group Activity (Handout: Virtual Visitor! Interest Group Activity, Lesson #2 Overview After reading content and examining images of different types of travel you should become familiar with a number of key concepts. You will gain insight into how major world factors such as politics, demography, technology, culture and economic can impact travel. You will also gain an understanding about what draws people to certain locations and what repels people from travelling. You will also explore the specific types of travel. Quote...travel is more than the seeing of sights; it is a change that goes on, deep and permanent, in the ideas of living. Miriam Beard One-third of all travelers are influenced by a travel company's actions to preserve the environment and/or history and culture of destinations. This illustrates that travel companies' ecotourism efforts do get noticed by a good portion of travelers. 1
Fact One-third of all travelers are influenced by a travel company's actions to preserve the environment and/or history and culture of destinations. This illustrates that travel companies' ecotourism efforts do get noticed by a good portion of travelers. Travel Motivator In order to understand why travel and tourism is so popular, it is important to look at what draws people to these activities. It is also essential to realise that some people may have travel plans that are never realised. Lets take a look at why you travelled Travel Motivator-Activity #1 Activity #1: Make an inventory of your domestic and international trips over the past year and the reason/motivation for travelling. Each trip must involve one day away from home (e.g., a visit to see family, vacation, hockey tournament, or road trip). Travel Motivator-Activity #1 Activity #1 Continued In a small group, use chart paper and markers to create the following organizer: Destination Reasons why you travelled (Travel Motivators) Length of Stay Gather information from your group members and fill in the chart. Post the chart on the wall. 2
Travel Motivator-Activity #2 Activity #2: Analysis Each person is responsible for a task: Person A: Walk around the class and write down all the locations that your classmates travelled to. Person B: After you get the data from Person A, with the help of the atlas, locate your classmates trips on the world map handout. You just need to put a dot in the general area of the travel destination. Person C: Walk around the class and write down the reasons why people travelled (travel motivators). Pay attention to how many travel motivators repeated. Person D: Walk around the class and write down the length of each visit: What is the average length of stay? Travel Motivator-Activity #2 Activity #2 Continued In your group, analyze your answers for any patterns. Where do most people go? What is the most common reason why people WHY??? travelled (travel motivators)? What is the average length of stay? Share the results with the rest of the class. Travel Motivator-Activity #3 Activity #3: Copy the following information in the definition column on the Travel Motivator handout. Recreation - enjoyment and relaxation. Cultural - the chance to experience different cultures and languages. Business - involves travelling as a result of business needs. Travel Motivator-Activity #3 Adventure - offers the chance to experience challenge and adventure. Family/Social - the desire to meet new people, visit friends and family, or just enlarge the circle of friends around them. Specialty (Status/Prestige) once in a lifetime type of trip. Environmental - travelling to enjoy the wonder and beauty of natural areas. 3
Travel Motivator-Activity #3 Activity #3:In the Destination and Activity Columns, list 2 ideal locations and 2 activities for each travel motivator Do not use the same location (country or city) and activity more than once. Share your answers with your group. Handout Travel Motivator Travel Motivator Examples of activities: Recreation Places that involve a lot of relaxation and typically revolves around warm climates with water. Also includes beautiful scenery, skiing, golf, etc. Cultural See and learn about the historical, cultural, musical, and architecture of a place. Also includes drama, clothing, religious attractions, and educational trips. Travel Motivator Examples of activities continued Business Travelling to go to business conferences, trade shows, conventions, and workshops. Also includes business meetings. Adventure Usually involves strenuous physical activity: rock climbing, ranching, trekking in tropical forests. Family/Social Travel Motivator Examples of activities continued Specialty World sporting events (Olympics), religious pilgrimages (Mecca), health treatments Environmental National and Provincial Parks, safaris, diving in coral reef, ecotourism. 4
Travel Motivator Travel Motivator We travel to meet certain needs and desires: personal, cultural, social, professional or environmental. E.g. a personal need to reduce stress at home can translate into a motivation to travel. Therefore, it makes sense that one will travel to locations that draw them based on theses certain needs and desires. Travel Barriers There are many things that motivate people to travel, but there are also many things that deter people from travelling as well. In choosing a destination, a traveller must overcome a number of obstacles. Factors that make it difficult for us to travel or force us to stay home are called travel barriers. Travel Barriers If the motivation to travel is strong enough, the obstacles will be overcome, but they may still affect the choice of destination. What would you say are the biggest travel barriers? 5
Travel Barriers-Activity # 4 Activity #4: Copy the following information in the definition column on the Travel Barriers handout. Handout Travel Barriers Travel Barriers Travel Deterrents Explanation 1. Fear A lot of people do not want to travel for fear of being robbed or becoming ill. 2. Climate Some people avoid coming to North America during our winters. Example Some people are leery to travel to Asia and Africa because of diseases that are more prevalent than in North America. People may not want to go places in Asia during the rainy season (monsoon). Travel Barriers Travel Deterrents Explanation 3. Health Poor health may limit when people can travel. 4. Money People may want to travel, but find it difficult to save enough money. When a recession occurs, travel is even more limited. Example When people are quite young and old, they are sometimes more susceptible to certain illnesses and may avoid travel. If you are saving money to go to college, you may not be able to budget a trip across Canada during the summer months. Travel Barriers Travel Deterrents 5. Lack of Motivation Explanation Believe it or not, some people prefer staying close to home and are not interested in travelling. 6. Holidays Some people do not have long enough holidays to really fulfill their true travel destinations. Some people do not have any holidays. 7. Life Stage If you have young children this will likely limit your options for destinations and types of travel. Example People stay in their local cities and do all their leisure activities there. If you have a two week holiday, it is hard to travel from Ontario to Australia. If you factor in cost and jet lag as well, your visit would be very expensive and short indeed. You will not likely take a 3 and 5 year old to Nepal to hike the Annapurna Circuit (250km trail with a backpack). 6
Travel Barriers The different travel motivators combine with the travel deterrents to create diversity in the demand for travel and tourism experiences. People want to choose from a variety of options, according to their needs and desires. The tourism industry s answer is... various destinations to travel to. destinations: places that tourist visit Once people decide to travel and stay in a location for more than 24 hrs., a form of tourism is created. E.g. an overnight traveller that visits a company in a different city is called a business tourists. The following list outlines some of the major types of tourism. There are two more that will be mentioned later. Adventure Tourism: Tourism that is associated with a type of physical challenge and adventure like rock climbing or hiking through a rainforest. Active tourism: Tourism that has a set objective, such as climbing a mountain or learning a new language. 7
Cultural Tourism: Tourism that involves learning about a country s culture and history, by visiting museums, cultural heritage sites, local sites and other significant cultural features. Sports Tourism: Tourism that involves travelling somewhere specific to partake in sports activities like a biking holiday in Germany or going to the Winter Olympics in Whistler in 2010. Recreation Tourism: Tourism that involves heading South or heading to a quiet spot to spend time on the beach or in a park. Health Tourism: Tourism that involves going away to a Spa or Health Resort to rejuvenate oneself. Religious Tourism: Tourism that involves travelling to religious sites yearly or once in a lifetime such as Mecca, Saudi Arabia, or St. Paul s Cathedral, Vatican City. Nature Tourism: Tourism that involves travelling to a more pristine location to study the flora and/or fauna of a region and includes ecotourism. Eco-tourism: Tourism that stresses lowimpact adventure in a natural setting; sometimes called green tourism Wilderness Tourism: Tourism that involves travelling to wilderness areas off the beaten path to experience something quite different. Travel to interior regions of Algonquin Provincial Park would be a good example. Business Tourism: Tourism that involves travel to go to a conference, network or complete a business transaction. Family/Social Tourism: Tourism that revolves around travelling with or to visit family in another location. A trip to Toronto to visit cousins and Aunts and Uncles would be considered Family tourism. 8
-Activity #5 Activity #5: Complete the handout Types of Tourism Answers: Business Nature Culture Social Recreation Active Sport Religious Health Adventure Wilderness Ecotourism Handout Lets review the terms More Today s travel industry is offering more and more specialized forms of tourism to meet increasingly diverse and specialized demands. For example mass tourism and sustainable tourism are two types of tourisms that have become the most popular out of the previous list of types of tourisms. Mass Tourism involving usually a large number of tourists to a limited number of destinations these tourists usually spend short periods of time in one place but have a large impact on the culture and natural environments of those places visited. Mass tourists are much more likely to take advantage of package-tours and all inclusive. 9
Sustainable Tourism tourism which has a lower impact on the cultural and natural environment Tourists usually travel in smaller groups and stay in places for a longer period of time often referred to as eco-tourism or alternative tourism. Sustainable tourists usually learn a bit of the local language, purchase goods in small shops and stay in guest houses or camp. They have a more minimal impact on the physical environment than mass tourists. Sustainable tourism can be divided further into categories such as: Adventure tourism Tourism that is associated with a type of physical challenge and adventure like rock climbing or hiking through a rainforest. Wilderness tourism Tourism that involves travelling to wilderness off the beaten path to experience something quite different. Travel to interior regions of Algonquin Provincial Park would be a good example. Eco-tourism Tourism that stresses low-impact adventure in a natural setting; sometimes called green tourism. Sustainable tourism has been growing tremendously over the past decade at almost three times the growth rate of mass tourism. People are interested in tour companies and hotels that practice environmentally sound practices. Lets play another game. 10
-Activity #6 Activity #6: Match up each image with the type of tourism it represents. Adventure Wilderness Sport Religious Recreational Business Nature/Ecotourism Health Nature -Activity #7 Activity #7 Each student has to clip 3 advertisements from the travel brochures that show a different type of tourism. Choose from the following types of tourism: Mass- large number of tourists, spend short periods of time in one place but have a large impact on the culture Sustainable-lower impact on the cultural and natural environment, smaller groups and stay in places for a longer period of time Cultural Religious Business Social Post your advertisements under the pre-selected headings. Handout picture matchup Social/Family Psychocentric Travellers Psychocentric travellers prefer familiar travel, where activities, schedules and surroundings are consistent and lack surprises. Characterized by Unadventurous and anxious Somewhat shy Prefer controlled environments Non risk-takers Enjoy set schedules and planned activities Psychocentric Travellers Continued.. Where would Psychocentric travellers go? 11
Psychocentric Travellers Continued.. Examples of travel locations Canada s Wonderland Niagara Falls Rogers Centre Psychocentric Travellers Continued.. Types of tourism What types of tourism do you think Psychocentric travellers prefer? Midcentric Travellers Midcentric travellers travel to obtain a break in routine. They usually like variety without being too exotic. Characterized by Preference for controlled environments Willing to take some risks Curiosity about new surroundings yet require some planned activities Midcentric Travellers Continued.. Where would Midcentric Travellers go? 12
Midcentric Travellers Continued Examples of travel locations Florida Hawaii Europe South Africa Midcentric Travellers Continued Types of tourism What types of tourism do you think Midcentric Travellers prefer? Allocentric Travellers Allocentric travellers view travel as a way of expressing inquisitiveness and curiosity. They want to see and do new things and explore the world to the best of their ability. They enjoy adventure and risk-taking. Characterized by Seeking adventure High self-confidence and outgoing Curious about new surroundings Want authentic, real cultural experience Allocentric Travellers Continued Where would Allocentric Travellers go? 13
Allocentric Travellers Continued Examples of travel locations South East Asia India Mainland Africa Middle East Antarctica Allocentric Travellers Continued Types of tourism What types of tourism do you think Midcentric Travellers prefer? What factors have contributed to the tourism revolution and continue to influence the amount of tourism in the world today? Major factors include: Demographic Political Economic Cultural Technological E.g. when economic times are good, people travel for business. -Activity #8 Activity #8: Complete the Predicted Definition column in the Factors Affecting Tourism chart. Predict how this factor affects tourism? As I go through the factors, fill in the Definition and the Example column in your own words. Handout 14
https://prezi.com/ona7dgfbhl24/factorsaffecting-tourism/ Demographic Factors: If a country is young then it is likely that its people will not have the time or money to do a lot of travelling. Characteristics of a country s population can affect tourism Other factors include: More two-income households Increase in number of single adults Trend towards later marriage Growth in the number of childless couples Demographic Factors Continued Some countries in Africa, for example, have an extremely high number of young people. However, the average GDP is less than $1000 per person. They do not have a lot of disposable income to travel. Canada, on the other hand, has a large portion of its population which are baby boomers. These people have either already retired, or will do so in the next 10 years. Canadian baby boomers have a lot of disposable income and can therefore enjoy the luxury of travelling within Canada and abroad. Travel industry are responding by marketing to this demographic group. Much of North America and Europe are the same. Demographic Factors Continued video 15
Political Factors: Whether a country has a stable and/or democratic government can also influence the amount of travel that occurs to it and within it. Tourists avoid areas of political unrest like the Middle East, South Africa, Somalia Terrorism or high crime keeps tourists away Political Factors Continued China, for example, has recently relaxed its tourist restrictions and has opened up its economy to foreign tourism and development. China won the bid to host our past Olympic games. Political Factors Continued video Economic Factors: How well a country is doing economically will also impact the level of tourism in that country, but also how much money local inhabitants will be willing to spend outside the country as well. Also a growing economy and higher discretionary income (money left over after taxes and basic living expanses are paid)often equals a growing tourism industry. 16
Economic Factors Continued A country, for example, may be in a recession (a period of general economic downturn where there is a decline in GDP for two or more consecutive quarters). If this occurs, people will have less money to spend travelling. Generally foreign investments may also decline which may result in the country appearing less attractive. Thailand experienced an economic recession in 1998 which negatively impacted tourism and the US is coming out of a recession. Cultural Factors: Some countries have an incredible cultural draw to them. Africa and Europe have long histories and, as a result, have a vast array of cultural artifacts and sites to visit. The ancient civilizations that existed here are a true motivation for many tourists to visit these continents. Factors Affecting Tourism Technological Factors: The Technological Development of a country definitely has an impact on the level of tourism the country experiences and also the amount of travel that the locals do themselves. Methods of travel have become faster and more fuel efficient Aircrafts companies have increased their passenger fleets Technological Factors Continued India, for example, has 1000 s of tiny villages, some of which are remote and difficult to access. Tourists may have difficulty accessing some of these. On the other hand, France has an incredible infrastructure and is visited by some 75 million people a year. You can rapidly move through the country from place to place by air, train, car, Channel, bus, foot, taxi, and bicycle. Moreover, you can stay in touch with loved ones through Internet, and phone. We are truly in a global village. 17
Lets review the concepts. End of Lesson Assignment-Activity #9: Motivators, Barriers and Activity # 9: Virtual Visitor! Interest Group Activity To be handed in for marking 18