FACTS AND FIGURES COMMITTEE Piracy The Figures Paul TOURRET ISEMAR Institut Supérieur d Economie Maritime Nantes Saint-Nazaire / France 26/09/2011 1
500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 The Piracy in the world Total number of attacks (actual and attempted attacks) Rest of World West Africa East Africa South East Asia Sources: International Maritime Bureau 26/09/2011 2
Attacks: 2003-2010 14 8 20 23 8 20 East Coast South America Caribbean Sea 18 38 46 212 Far East 102 36 29 45 Gulf of Bengal Strait of Malacca Sources: International Maritime Bureau West Africa Indian Ocean - Reduction in South East Asia - Explosion in Indian Ocean - Growth in West Africa 26/09/2011 3
Success of attacks in the world - 2010 Others Caribbean Sea East Coast South America Gulf of Bengale West Africa Actual attacks Attempted attacks 8% 22% 24% 46% Actual attacks Boarded Actual attacks Hijacked Attempted attacks Fired upon Attempted boarding Far East South East Asia Indian Ocean 0 50 100 150 200 250 Sources: International Maritime Bureau Somalia: hijacking of ships & crewmembers hostages for ransom Malacca : robbery of values West Africa: robbery of values, some hijacking of ships with political claims 26/09/2011 4
Number of registrations/month 2008-12 2009-03 2009-06 2009-09 2009-12 2010-03 2010-06 2010-09 2010-12 2011-03 The Piracy - Figures The situation for 2011 Pirates: More aggressive tactics More violent attacks Bolder attacks Better organized Figures: 2011 H1 World: 266 attacks (+35%); Somalia: 163 attacks (+61%) 12% boarded & hijacked H1 2010: 28% - H1 2009 23% 21 ships hijacked H1 2010: 27 H1 2009:30 Reduction of number of hijacking: explications 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Registrations MSCHOA Month Sources: EUNAVFOR 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Ratio of Best Management Practices non compliant ships ratio of BMP3 non compliant ships Linear (ratio of BMP3 non compliant ships ) Counterpiracy
Somalia: Number per kind of ship hijacked & boarded 2010 / H1 2011 Bulk carrier Fishing General cargo Chemical tanker Tanker Dhow Box ship Car carrier & roro Yacht hijacked boarded Sources: International Maritime Bureau 0 5 10 15 20 25 26/09/2011 6
180000 160000 Somalia: Size of merchant ships hijacked & board ed- 2010 & H1 2011, GRT 140000 120000 100000 H1 2011 2010 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 Sources: International Maritime Bureau 26/09/2011 7
1400 Violence to crewmembers Hostages in 2010 Asia 1200 Americas 1000 800 Hostages Injured Indian Ocean West Africa 600 400 Kidnap/ransom Killed Others 200 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Sources: International Maritime Bureau About 3700 hostages since 5 years 62 deaths 26/09/2011 8
The piracy in Somalia 28 000 ships transit 624 M tons (8% world) 1% attacked 0.3% hijacked Somalia Several political entities Multitude of tribal authorities 5 to 10 gangs 1500 pirates 6000 US$ invest for hijacking campaign Earning by pirate 400 US$ 6 / 8 land bases 17 hijacked ships 375 hostages 2011/31/08 Counterpiracy 35/45 warships from 20 nations Some ships security companies 1 000 private armed guards Somaliland coast guards Puntland Marine Force 26/09/2011 9
The piracy in Somalia Extension of somalian piracy 1 Illegal fishing & Humanitarian Aid (WFP) 2 Gulf of Aden commercial corridor 3 East african Regional trade 4 West Indian Ocean fishing zone 5 Arabia Sea shipping route 6 Gulf of Oman / Strait of Ormuz 7 Mozambique Channel 2 5 6 Skiff mother ship 1 3 4 7 Sources: Geopoliticy 26/09/2011 10
Indian Ocean: a Strategic area for world shipping trades 2010 Statistics Shipping in Indian Ocean First area for expedition of crude oil & gas Big corridor for containers & vehicles trade Iron ore & coal exportation from Brasil & Sud Africa Regional trade from Arabic Gulf & East African Ports. Importance to the economies of the Far East Essential supply of energy Part of supply of coal & iron Half of export of manufactured goods by container Half of export of new cars (Japan, Korea) Importance to the economies of Europeans Countries Small supply of energy (20% for crude) Large part of export manufactured goods by container (75%) Sources: ISEMAR compilation 26/09/2011 11
Sources: ISL Bremen, International Maritime Bureau The Piracy - Figures Economic interests of shipping faced to piracy EU & Norway World fleet by Country of domicile (000 dwt, 2010) Japan China & HK Korea Gulf kingdoms USA Singapore Taiwan Russia India Iran 9% 4% 16% 32% 29% UE, Swizt. & Norway Countries where victim ships controller / managed (No of ships 2010) Singapore China Japan Gulf kingdoms Malaysia India Korea USA Taiwan Russia Iran 46% 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 0 50 100 150 200 250 26/09/2011 12
Counterpiracy implication of countries United Nations : Resolutions of the Security Council about piracy off the coasts of Somalia : 1816 (2008), 1846 (2008), 1851 (2008), renewed in 2099, 2010 and 2011 European Union EUNAVFOR Operation ATALANTA: Protect WFP vessels, repression of acts of piracy, monitoring of fishing activities NATO Ocean Shield ongoing (08/2009 12/2012) : maritime security for all vessels Flottilla since2009 (3 vessels) Flotilla since2009 (2 vessels) Destroyer & salvage tugboat since 2008 USA & allied Combined Task Force 151 dedicated to counter-piracy Sources: wikipedia, NATO, UE Destroyer & fregate, coast guards And Others : Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia 26/09/2011 13
Cost of piracy Cost for shipping Freight rate Piracy risk surcharge Crew salary Special prime Insurance Premiuns War risk surcharge: 2010 global cost 4 Bil US$ Kidnap & ransom: 2010 global cost 540 M US$ Extra 30 000 60 000 US$ by transit, 2011: extended area Security Guards & Equipements 100 000 US$ for 10 days Bunkering Enlarge routing Arabian Sea, speed steaming in Gulf of Aden Rerouting via Cape (+0.7 MUS$) Ransom 2009: 177 M US$, 2010: 238 M Average 2007: 1,5 M US$, 2010; 5,2 M US$ + 50% additional costs Cost for global economy Extra Cost of shipping & trade 2010 global cost 8/10 Bil US$ Regional trade 2010 global cost 1.25 Bil US$ Eg: Kenya 414 MUS$; 95 $ / TEU, 15 $ / ton wheat Cost for countries Military Counterpiracty & dedicted programs 2010 global cost 2 Bil US$ Prosecutions by justice in Africa, USA, Europe 2010 global cost 31 M US$ Antipiracy organisations in East Africa 2010 global cost 24.5 M US$ Sources: Loyd List Daily, The Economic Cost of Maritime Piracy, oceansbeyondpiracy.org 26/09/2011 14
Consequence of piracy for shipping Stress for shipping Hijacking of ship Extra cost for business Exceptional & expensive charges Counterpiracy management Insurance surcharge Seafarers salary Security equipements Armed guards Bunkering Ransom Additional cost Financial loss Ship damages Workers trauma Bunkering Direct impact on freight rate Direct impact for owner 26/09/2011 15
Thank you for your attention isemar.fr 26/09/2011 16