Columns Unit 4: Greece Notes WHI/RichmondYarbrough Greek architecture is renowned for its use of large, stately in construction. There are three types of columns typically used in Greek architecture: (found at the Parthenon),, and Doric columns are the most simple, and found on the Parthenon They are simply off at the top. Ionic Ionic columns are topped with something resembling circular Corinthian Corinthian columns are most (fancy) types of columns, adorned with leaves and Greek Literature One of the greatest writers of ancient history was a Greek poet named Homer s two works, which influenced western literature, are the and the 1
Homer s Works Unit 4: Greece Notes WHI/RichmondYarbrough The Iliad The story of the Greek war against the, which included the Trojan Horse The Odyssey The hero takes 10 years to return home after the Trojan War Contributions to Western Civilization from Greek History Drama The built the first theatres in the west Productions valued in the citystate, and paid tribute to the gods Colorful costumes, masks, and sets were used to dramatize stories about, justice, and the duties owed to the Gods Two types of drama: and Tragedy Dramatists Aeschylus Ø His dram showed how the wrath of the gods could bring misfortune to even powerful families Sophocles Ø His play showed how moral duty and duty to the gods could conflict with the laws of the state Ø Also wrote History Herodotus Ø Father of Ø Wrote about the Wars Ø Stressed Thucydides Ø Described the War Ø Avoided 2
Sculpture Unit 4: Greece Notes WHI/RichmondYarbrough Phidias Greek responsible for two major works (both originals lost to history) Parthenons (statue of Athena inside the Parthenon) Zeus at Science Hippocrates Father of Set up standards that doctors still follow today, the Hippocratic Oath Archimedes Mathematical physics Invented, lever, water lifts for irrigation, and Mathematics Euclid Father of Pythagoras Pythagorean theorem (geometry) to calculate the between the sides of a right triangle 3
Philosophy Unit 4: Greece Notes WHI/RichmondYarbrough Socrates Sometimes called the Father of Said, the life is not worth living. Encouraged people to themselves, how they spend their lives, and their moral character system called the Wanted to force people to think of their and actions Plato Student of Wrote a book called, about how to create the perfect society and government. It wouldn t be a, but would be the person with the greatest would rule as a noble philosopherking Aristotle Most famous of students Wrote books on astronomy, physics, politics, art, Created, rules for conducting experiments in science Created a in Athens that became model for the modern university Tutored the Great 4
Unit 4: Greece Notes School of Athens WHI/RichmondYarbrough By Italian artist Shows all the talent living within at same time End of the Good Times Throughout the Golden Age of Athens, Athens and were locked in a cold war, each side not the other and organizing alliances to defend themselves from each other. Eventually, war broke out between and Sparta, and their associated allies turning all of into a warzone. Phillip II of Macedonia To the north of is the mountainous country of Macedonia The king of Macedonia,, watched the Greeks engage in a civil war, the War, which resulted in all of Greece becoming weakened After the war was over, Phillip was easily able to Greece and take the territory over, expanding his. Upon his, Phillip left his empire to his son, Alexander. 5
Alexander the Great Unit 4: Greece Notes WHI/RichmondYarbrough Alexander, the son of Phillip II of, was educated in Greece by. When he inherited his father s empire, was well positioned to run Greece, as he himself was brought up in the tradition, knowing their language, philosophy, science, and art. Alexander takes his empire and expands it into one of the greatest of all time, from to to The Hellenistic Age As was himself educated in Greece, he was well versed in (Greek) culture. As Alexander expanded his empire around the world, he ushered in the culture spread around the world as Alexander conquered, and commerce (business/trade) took place. 6