Agenda Item 5: PBN en-route AIP publication issues First Combined ICAO EUR PBN TF & EUROCONTROL RAiSG Meeting 11 th - 13 th September 2013 ICAO EUR/NAT Office - Paris Mr. Tihomir Todorov Head of Section Airspace Design Operations Planning Network Operations Management Division Network Manager Directorate EUROCONTROL
Presentation Objectives To present an operational and airspace design view on consistency and quality of RNAV routes definition and aeronautical data published in ECAC States AIPs. To further facilitate proper decisions to be taken in view of harmonization of PBN AIP publications.
ECAC States AIP en-route publication issues
Presentation Source Document produced by EUROCONTROL based on ECAC States AIPs and identifying important en-route publication issues. Document released and sent to all ECAC States on 30 th August 2013.
ICAO Requirements Covered Annex 15 INTRODUCTION The object of the aeronautical information service is to ensure the flow of information/data necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation. The role and importance of aeronautical information/data changed significantly with the implementation of area navigation (RNAV), performance-based navigation (PBN), airborne computer-based navigation systems and data link systems. Corrupt or erroneous aeronautical information/data can potentially affect the safety of air navigation. To satisfy the uniformity and consistency in the provision of aeronautical information/data that is required for the operational use by computerbased navigation systems, States shall, as far as practicable, avoid standards and procedures other than those established for international use.
EC Requirements Covered COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 677/2011 of 7 July 2011 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of air traffic management (ATM) network functions and amending Regulation (EU) No 691/2010, Annex I - The European Route Network Design (ERND) Function, Part B - Planning principle 9(k) stated that The data regarding the changes to projects that require checking for compatibility and that need to be made available to the Network Manager include, but are not limited to changes affecting data published in aeronautical information publications..
Reason Reason, Aim and Scope The Operational Stakeholders express regularly concerns regarding various issues linked to the different publication of airspace data in the State AIPs. The Network Manager operational systems also experience daily problems with non-harmonized airspace data publication. Aim Scope The aim of this document and activity performed is to achieve: harmonisation of ECAC States AIP en-route publication allowing the Operational Stakeholders to correctly interpret it and properly use available airspace entities; full compliance with ICAO requirements - relevant Annexes and Documents; full compliance with European requirements - relevant Commission Regulations. The presented observations are based on actual State AIPs as published in pdf format (ref. AIRAC 22 AUG 2013) by using EAD PAMS sub-system and cover the ECAC area of the ICAO EUR/NAT Region.
Way forward The following are the steps agreed by NETOPS/6 on the reported airspace AIP publication issues: Step 1 - Inventory of all inconsistencies identified in routes definition and aeronautical data publication per State. Step 2 - Consolidation of inconsistencies per subject / issue to detect, if there are any trends. Step 3 - Prioritisation of all subjects / issues on the basis of their operational efficiency impact. Step 4 - Finalization of required information by the end of August 2013. Step 5 - Sending via e-mail beginning of September to each individual State/ANSP NETOPS representative the inconsistencies identified in their AIP with an indication of the priority required in addressing each of the subjects / issues. The AIM/SWIM Team representatives to be also copied. Step 6 - A briefing to be provided to the AIM/SWIM - 5 meeting in September 2013. Step 7 - Feedback/comments required and expected by the NETOPS/7 meeting on 23 rd - 24 th October 2013. Following further discussions, comments, suggestions and directives periodical review and monitoring of the improvements via the NETOPS will be performed. Additional arrangements to tackle the AIP issues presented and support to States by EUROCONTROL might be expected.
Area Navigation (RNAV) routes
a. Proper publication
ATS route. A specified route designed for channelling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic service. Note 1.- The term ATS route is used to mean variously, airway, advisory route, controlled or uncontrolled route, arrival or departure route, etc. Note 2.- An ATS route is defined by route specifications which include an ATS route designator, the track to or from significant points (waypoints), distance between significant points, reporting requirements and, as determined by the appropriate ATS authority, the lowest safe altitude. Area navigation route. An ATS route established for the use of aircraft capable of employing area navigation. Area navigation (RNAV). A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground- or space-based navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these. Note.- Area navigation includes performance-based navigation as well as other operations that do not meet the definition of performance-based navigation. B-RNAV basic-rnav, also referred to as RNAV 5 Navigation specification. A set of aircraft and aircrew requirements needed to support Performance-based Navigation operations within a defined airspace. There are two kinds of navigation specification: RNAV specification. A navigation specification based on area navigation that does not include the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting, designated by the prefix RNAV, e.g. RNAV 5, RNAV 1. RNP specification. A navigation specification based on area navigation that includes the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting, designated by the prefix RNP, e.g. RNP 4, RNP APCH. Note: The Performance-based Navigation Manual (Doc 9613), Volume II, contains detailed guidance on navigation specifications. Performance-based navigation (PBN). Area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft operating along an ATS route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a designated airspace. Note.- Performance requirements are expressed in navigation specifications (RNAV specification - does not include the requirement for performance monitoring and alerting, RNP specification - includes the requirement for performance monitoring and alerting) in terms of accuracy, integrity, continuity, availability and functionality needed for the proposed operation in the context of a particular airspace concept. RNAV 5 An RNAV specification having a lateral navigation accuracy of 5 nautical miles. RNAV 5 is also referred to as B- RNAV in the EUR. RNAV routes ICAO Related Definitions Waypoint. A specified geographical location used to define an area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation. Waypoints are identified as either: Fly-by waypoint or Flyover waypoint.
2.2.1 NAVAID infrastructure RNAV routes ICAO RNAV 5 Requirements Doc 9613, Volume II, Part B, Chapter 2, 2.2 IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS 2.2.1.1 States may prescribe the carriage of RNAV 5 on specific routes or for specific areas/flight levels of their airspace. 2.2.1.2 RNAV 5 systems permit aircraft navigation along any desired flight path within the coverage of station-referenced NAVAIDs (space or terrestrial) or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of both methods. 2.2.1.3 RNAV 5 operations are based on the use of RNAV equipment which automatically determines the aircraft position in the horizontal plane using input from one or a combination of the following types of position sensors, together with the means to establish and follow a desired path: a) VOR/DME; b) DME/DME; c) INS or IRS; and d) GNSS. 2.2.1.4 The ANSP must assess the NAVAID infrastructure in order to ensure that it is sufficient for the proposed operations, including reversionary modes. It is acceptable for gaps in NAVAID coverage to be present; when this occurs, route spacing and obstacle clearance surfaces need to take account of the expected increase in lateral track-keeping errors during the dead reckoning phase of flight. 2.2.5 Publication 2.2.5.1 The AIP should clearly indicate the navigation application is RNAV 5. The requirement for the carriage of RNAV 5 equipment in specific airspace or on identified routes should be published in the AIP. The route should rely on normal descent profiles and identify minimum segment altitude requirements. The navigation data published in the State AIP for the routes and supporting NAVAIDs must meet the requirements of Annex 15 - Aeronautical Information Services. All routes must be based upon WGS-84 coordinates.
RNAV routes Aeronautical Data Requirements Annex 15, Appendix 1 - Amendment 36 / 18 NOV 2010 ENR 3.1 / 3.2 - ATS route 2): Tracks or VOR radials to the nearest degree, Geodesic distance to the nearest tenth of a kilometre or tenth of a nautical mile between each successive designated significant point and, in the case of VOR radials, changeover points. ENR 3.3. - RNAV route 2): In respect of waypoints defining a VOR/DME area navigation route, additionally as applicable: a) station identification of the reference VOR/DME; b) bearing to the nearest degree and the distance to the nearest tenth of a kilometre or tenth of a nautical mile from the reference VOR/DME, if the waypoint is not collocated with it; and c) elevation of the transmitting antenna of DME to the nearest 30 m (100 ft).
RNAV routes Aeronautical Data Requirements Annex 15-13 th Edition Amendment 36 / 18 NOV 2010 Amendment 37 / 14 NOV 2013 ENR 3.3 Area navigation routes Detailed description of area navigation (RNAV) routes, including: 1) route designator, designation of the navigation specification(s) applicable to a specified segment(s), names, coded designators or name-codes and the geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds of all significant points defining the route including compulsory or on-request reporting points; 2) in respect of waypoints defining a VOR/DME area navigation route, additionally as applicable: a) station identification of the reference VOR/DME; b) bearing to the nearest degree and the distance to the nearest tenth of a kilometre or tenth of a nautical mile from the reference VOR/DME, if the waypoint is not collocated with it; and c) elevation of the transmitting antenna of DME to the nearest 30 m (100 ft); 3) geodesic distance to the nearest tenth of a kilometre or tenth of a nautical mile between defined end-points and distance between each successive designated significant point; 4) upper and lower limits and airspace classification; 5) direction of cruising levels; and 6) remarks, including an indication of the controlling unit, its operating channel and, if applicable, its logon address, and any navigation specification(s) limitations. Note.- In relation to Annex 11, Appendix 1, and for flight planning purposes, defined navigation specification is not considered to be an integral part of the route designator. ENR 3.3 Area navigation routes Detailed description of area navigation (RNAV) routes, including: 1) route designator, designation of the navigation specification(s) applicable to a specified segment(s), names, coded designators or name-codes and the geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds of all significant points defining the route including compulsory or on-request reporting points; 2) in respect of waypoints defining an area navigation route, additionally as applicable: a) station identification of the reference VOR/DME; b) bearing to the nearest degree and the distance to the nearest tenth of a kilometre or tenth of a nautical mile from the reference VOR/DME, if the waypoint is not collocated with it; and c) elevation of the transmitting antenna of DME to the nearest 30 m (100 ft); 3) geodesic distance to the nearest tenth of a kilometre or tenth of a nautical mile between defined end-points and distance between each successive designated significant point; 4) upper and lower limits and airspace classification; 5) direction of cruising levels; and 6) the navigation accuracy requirement for each PBN (RNAV or RNP) route segment; and 7) remarks, including an indication of the controlling unit, its operating channel and, if applicable, its logon address, and any navigation specification(s) limitations. Note.- In relation to Annex 11, Appendix 1, and for flight planning purposes, defined navigation specification is not considered to be an integral part of the route designator.
RNAV routes Publication Requirements - Routes Designation Annex 11, Appendix 1 Designators for ATS routes and navigation specifications The purpose of a system of route designators and navigation specification(s) applicable to specified ATS route segment(s), route(s) or area is to allow both pilots and ATS, taking into account automation requirements: a) to make unambiguous reference to any ATS route without the need to resort to the use of geographical coordinates or other means in order to describe it; b) to relate an ATS route to a specific vertical structure of the airspace, as applicable; c) to indicate a required level of navigation performance accuracy, when operating along an ATS route or within a specified area; and d) to indicate that a route is used primarily or exclusively by certain types of aircraft. Selection of the letter shall be made from those listed hereunder: a) A, B, G, R for routes which form part of the regional networks of ATS routes and are not area navigation routes; b) L, M, N, P for area navigation routes which form part of the regional networks of ATS routes; c) H, J, V, W for routes which do not form part of the regional networks of ATS routes and are not area navigation routes; d) Q, T, Y, Z for area navigation routes which do not form part of the regional networks of ATS routes.
RNAV routes Publication Requirements - Doc 8126, Specimen AIP Routes Designation Required Aeronautical Data Required
RNAV routes Summary of publication issues identified The ICAO Resolution at the 36 th Assembly and the publication of ICAO s PBN Concept in 2008 effectively triggered the launch of PBN. The ICAO Resolution was updated at the 37 th Assembly and marks a significant step in that it reflects international concordance as to high-level goals and ambitions for global uptake of PBN. The Assembly urges all States to implement RNAV and RNP air traffic services (ATS) routes and approach procedures in accordance with the ICAO PBN concept laid down in the Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) Manual (Doc 9613). Annex 15 provides the requirement for publication and detailed description of RNAV routes. Such publication shall be done in State AIP in ENR 3.3. The main difference compare to ENR 3.1 and ENR 3.2 is the required aeronautical data for provision of area navigation on relevant route segments described in Appendix 1 Contents in AIP points 2) and 3). Currently only 4 States are complying with Annex 15 requirements. The remaining States publish the RNAV routes in either ENR 3.1 or ENR 3.2 or ENR 3.3 divided into lower and upper but using the same table formats. Template in ENR 3.3 is either same as in ENR 3.1 or ENR 3.2. The aeronautical data presented is not as required by Annex 15 for definition of RNAV route. ICAO requirement is far to be a physical placement or move of aeronautical data from ENR 3.1 / 3.2 to ENR 3.3 and vice-versa. It is a requirement for publication of fundamentally different aeronautical data in order to allow RNAV operations. It is difficult to believe that the required aeronautical data in ENR 3.1 / 3.2 is sufficient to support RNAV operations with simply allowing them on these routes. There are still States referencing to the airway width or lateral limits which in PBN environment is difficult to be accepted as each RNAV route has normally its defined navigation specification. It represents a RNAV containment value not a protected airspace around the centre line of the route to allow for possible deviations as required for ATS routes defined by VOR. Harmonized publication for all RNAV routes and publication location (AIP placeholder) in ENR 3.3 is required. States shall adapt the aeronautical data for RNAV routes in accordance with Annex 15.
RNAV routes AIP Examples Doc 8126 template AIP publication compliant with Annex 15 and Doc 8126
RNAV routes AIP Examples Partial Doc 8126 template Header of the template used compliant with Annex 15 and Doc 8126 Non-compliant aeronautical data with Annex 15 and Doc 8126
RNAV routes AIP Examples Partial Doc 8126 template + width Header of the template used partially compliant with Annex 15 and Doc 8126 Non-compliant aeronautical data with Annex 15 and Doc 8126
Significant points Interpretation in expression In one ECAC State AIP for 7 MAR 2013 publication contains information in brackets after some selected name-code designators. Following a short analyses it was concluded that this is bearing to the nearest degree from the reference VOR/DME as the waypoint is not collocated with it Such aeronautical data is required by ICAO but the place is completely wrong. See also slide 13 for RNAV routes Aeronautical Data Requirements. NIZ 150 192
b. Navigation specification (RNP/RNAV)
Navigation Specification ICAO en-route requirements Doc 7030, Chapter 4 NAVIGATION, 4.1.1 Area navigation (RNAV) specifications 4.1.1.2 RNAV 5 Area of applicability 4.1.1.2.3 The requirements included in the RNAV 5 (B-RNAV) specification for en-route operations shall apply to all such operations conducted under IFR on the entire ATS route network in the following flight information regions (FIRs)/upper flight information regions (UIRs) as specified in the relevant State AIPs: Amsterdam, Ankara, Athinai, Baku, Barcelona, Bodø, Bordeaux, Bratislava, Bremen, Brest, Brindisi, Bruxelles, Bucuresti, Budapest, Canarias (AFI area of applicability), Casablanca, Chisinau, Dnipropetrovs k, France, Hannover, Istanbul, København, Kyiv, Langen, Lisboa, Ljubljana, London, L viv, Madrid, Malta, Marseille, Milano, München, Nicosia, Odessa, Oslo, Paris, Praha, Reims, Rhein, Riga, Roma, Rovaniemi, Scottish, Shannon, Simferopol, Skopje, Sofia, Stavanger, Sweden, Switzerland, Tallinn, Tampere, Tbilisi, Tirana, Trondheim, Tunis, Varna, Vilnius, Warszawa, Wien, Yerevan, Zagreb. Doc 9613, Volume I, Part A, Chapter 2, 2.3 Airspace concepts by area of operation 2.3.2 Continental en-route airspace concepts are currently supported by RNAV and RNP applications. RNAV 5 is used in the Middle East (MID), South American (SAM) and European (EUR) Regions but as of the publication date of this manual, it is designated as B-RNAV (Basic RNAV) in Europe and RNP 5 in the Middle East (see 1.2.5.5). In the United States, an RNAV 2 application supports an en-route continental airspace concept. At present, continental RNAV applications support airspace concepts which include radar surveillance and direct controller pilot communication (voice). Within the next few years, en route Advanced RNP operations are expected in Europe whilst RNP 0.3 operations for helicopters and slow moving aircraft are expected in the United States.
Navigation Specification ICAO en-route requirements Doc 9613, Volume I, Part A, Chapter 1, 1.2 Use and scope of Navigation Specifications
Navigation Specification Publication requirements Annex 15, Appendix 1 Detailed description of lower ATS routes or upper ATS routes or area navigation (RNAV) routes, including: 1) route designator, designation of the navigation specification(s) applicable to a specified segment(s), names, coded designators or name-codes and the geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds of all significant points defining the route including compulsory or on-request reporting points; Doc 9613, Volume II, Part B, Chapter 2, 2.2 IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS 2.2.5 Publication 2.2.5.1 The AIP should clearly indicate the navigation application is RNAV 5. The requirement for the carriage of RNAV 5 equipment in specific airspace or on identified routes should be published in the AIP. The route should rely on normal descent profiles and identify minimum segment altitude requirements. The navigation data published in the State AIP for the routes and supporting NAVAIDs must meet the requirements of Annex 15 - Aeronautical Information Services. All routes must be based upon WGS-84 coordinates.
Navigation Specification Summary of publication issues identified The different use of the two kinds of PBN navigation specification RNP and RNAV should be further clarified based on provisions of Doc 7030 and Doc 9613. One navigation specification (RNAV) does not include the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting while the other (RNP) includes. Currently majority of States described the navigation specification of their area navigation routes as RNP 5 while only 7 States as RNAV 5. Two States published B-RNAV while for 7 States there is no description in ENR sub-section and sometimes reference to GEN 1.5 is made. Doc 8126 template requires use of term/abbreviation (RNP/RNAV) but currently terms RNP Type or PBN Specification or RNP/RNAV Type are used. The table in next slide represents the AIP publication of RNAV routes Navigation Specification as expressed by each ECAC State in publication tables. Harmonized publication of RNAV routes navigation specification and use of unique term/abbreviation - RNAV 5 (as per Doc 7030) is required. The PBN introduction should also be considered as part of this harmonization.
State Navigation Specification Summary of publication issues identified Navigation Specification ALB RNP 5 ARM RNP 5 AUT RNP 5 AZE RNAV 5 BEL / LUX B-RNAV BIH RNP 5 BGR RNP 5 HRV RNP 5 CYP RNP 5 CZE Not published DNK RNP 5 EST RNP 5 FIN RNP 5 FRA Not published GEO RNP 5 DEU Not published GRC RNP 5 HUN RNP 5 ISL RNP 2 IRL RNAV 5 State Navigation Specification ITA RNP 5 LVA RNAV 5 LTU RNP 5 MLT RNP 5 MDA RNP 5 NLD B-RNAV NOR RNAV 5 POL Not published PRT RNAV 5 ROU RNAV 5 SRB / MNE RNP 5 SVK RNP 5 SVN RNP 5 ESP Not published SWE RNP 5 CHE Not published MKD RNP 5 TUR Not published UKR RNP 5 GBR RNAV 5
Navigation Specification AIP Examples RNAV 5 B-RNAV RNP 5 NO navigation specification
Other AIP publication issues
AIP sub-section GEN 1.5 Carriage of RNAV 5 equipment Doc 9613, Volume II, Part B, Chapter 2, 2.2 IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS 2.2.5 Publication 2.2.5.1 The AIP should clearly indicate the navigation application is RNAV 5. The requirement for the carriage of RNAV 5 equipment in specific airspace or on identified routes should be published in the AIP. The route should rely on normal descent profiles and identify minimum segment altitude requirements. The navigation data published in the State AIP for the routes and supporting NAVAIDs must meet the requirements of Annex 15 - Aeronautical Information Services. All routes must be based upon WGS-84 coordinates.
AIP sub-section GEN 1.5 Summary of publication issues identified Other important issue not covered by this document is the definition of provision of area navigation within the States in ECAC area published in GEN 1.5 Aircraft instruments, equipment and flight documents. With effect from 23 APR 1998, for en-route operations, aircraft, other than State aircraft, operating on the ATS routes, above the lowest applicable flight level as published by States, shall be equipped with RNAV meeting RNP 5 (B-RNAV or RNAV 5). The definition of this B-RNAV (RNAV 5) airspace is different from State to State AIP. In most of the States there is a defined FL above which the carriage of equipment is mandatory but this FL is different in entire ECAC airspace - FL095, FL110, FL115, FL125, FL145, FL195, FL245 etc. There are also definitions as controlled airspace, below FL115 on RNAV-defined routes, on ATS routes, on all ATS routes, State airspace, on all ATS routes under IFR and routes in lower airspace specifically classified as RNAV, on RNAV routes, en-route portion of the ATS route structure or there is no defined FL. The table in next slide represents the AIP publication where the area navigation is applied within each ECAC State. Harmonized AIP publication of RNAV 5 application should be further considered.
State ALB ARM AUT AZE BEL / LUX BIH BGR HRV CYP CZE DNK EST FIN FRA AIP B-RNAV (RNAV 5) Limit FL110 Controlled airspace FL195 FL195 FL095 FL195 FL095 FL195 FL290 FL095 FL095 FL095 FL095 Above FL115 Below FL115 on RNAV-defined routes GEO FL195 (ENR 3.3) DEU GRC HUN ISL IRL AIP sub-section GEN 1.5 Summary of publication issues identified FL095 / FL195 - Alpine area On ATS routes On ATS routes No defined FL FL095 State ITA LVA LTU MLT MDA NLD NOR POL PRT ROU SRB / MNE SVK SVN ESP SWE CHE MKD TUR UKR GBR AIP B-RNAV (RNAV 5) Limit FL095 FL095 FL095 FL095 FL245 on all ATS routes FL095 FL095 Polish airspace On ATS routes No defined FL FL145 FL125 on all ATS routes No defined FL FL150 on all ATS routes under IFR and routes in lower airspace specifically classified as RNAV No defined FL No defined FL On ATS routes No defined FL On RNAV routes En-route portion of the ATS route structure
AIP sub-section GEN 1.5 AIP examples
Recommendations The participants at First Combined ICAO EUR PBN TF & EUROCONTROL RAiSG Meeting are requested to: consider the content of this presentation and discuss as appropriate; further discuss all presented observations with their appropriate AIS/AIM units; consider possible further actions to resolve the presented PBN issues.
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