Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark Regulations for Civil Aviation

Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark Regulations for Civil Aviation BL 7-1 Regulations on air traffic rules Edition 9, 21 November 2003 In pursuance of 51 og 82 of the Air Navigation Act, cf. Consolidation Act no. 543 of 13 June 2001, the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark hereby stipulates on the authority of the Danish Ministry of Transport, cf. Order no. 795 of 3 September 2001 on delegation of authorities to the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark and on publication of the Regulations issued by the Administration: 1. Reference documents 1.1 ICAO Annex 2, Rules of the Air, latest edition. 1.2 ICAO Document 9051, Airworthiness Technical Manual, latest edition. 1.3 BL 5-2, Agricultural aviation, latest edition. 1.4 BL 5-3, Civil air shows, latest edition. 1.5 BL 5-8, Aerial target flights, aerial target towing, aerial advertisement flights and dropping of advertisement articles, latest edition. 1.6 BL 5-19, VFR night flights with aeroplanes, latest edition. 1.7 BL 5-38, VFR night flights with helicopters, latest edition. 1.8 BL 5-43, Regulations on VFR flights without sight of the surface with aeroplanes, latest edition. 1.9 BL 7-7, Cloud flights with gliders, latest edition. 1.10 BL 7-9, Unmanned free balloons, latest edition. 1.11 BL 7-10, Regulations on definitions regarding air traffic service, latest edition. 1.12 BL 7-11, Regulations on signals, appendix to BL 7-1, latest edition. 1.13 BL 7-12, Appendix B to BL 7-1, Interception of civil aircraft, latest edition. 1.14 BL 7-13, Appendix C to BL 7-1, Cruising altitude table, latest edition. 1.15 BL 7-14, Regulations on procedures for voice-radio communication, latest edition. 1.16 BL 7-15, Appendix E to BL 7-1, Length of the VFR period, latest edition. 1.17 BL 7-16, Appendix 1 to BL 7-series, Particular environmentally sensitive nature areas, latest edition. 1.18 BL 7-20, Regulations on prohibition or limitation of aviation in certain areas, latest edition. 1.19 BL 9-1, Regulations on parachuting, latest edition. 1.20 The Danish Maritime Authority's order on rules of the road at sea, latest edition (at present order no. 632 of 3 July 2002). BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 1

1.21 The documents mentioned in paragraphs 1.1-1.2 can be obtained from ICAO Headquarters Attn.: Document Sales Unit 999 University Street Montréal, Quebec Canada H3C 5H7 Tel.: +1 514 954-8022 Fax: +1 514 954-6769 Sitatex: YULDYA E-post: Sales_unit@icao.int Web: www.icao.int 1.22 The documents mentioned in paragraphs 1-3 - 1.20, can be downloaded from Retsinformation's (Legal Information's) homepage www.retsinfo.dk (in Danish only). De documents mentioned in paragraph 1.3-1.19, can also be downloaded from the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark's homepage www.slv.dk and may also be bought on application to Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark Service Centre P.O. Box 744 Ellebjergvej 50 DK-2450 Copenhagen SV Tel.: +45 3618 6000 Fax: +45 3618 6001 E-post: ais@slv.dk 2. Definitions See BL 7-10, Regulations on definitions regarding air traffic service. 3. Applicability 3.1 This BL shall apply to air traffic within Danish territory and to air traffic with Danish registered aircraft. 3.1.1 An aircraft is regarded as Danish when it is registered in Denmark or operated in accordance with a Danish operating permit, cf. subsection 2 of 4 of the Air Navigation Act. 3.1.2 In connection with air traffic within Danish territory the regulations in this BL shall be observed. 3.1.3 In connection with air traffic with Danish aircraft over foreign state's territory the air traffic rules laid down by the state in question shall be observed. 3.1.4 In connection with air traffic with Danish aircraft over open sea and areas where no state exercises sovereignty, the air traffic rules laid down by the relevant ATS authority within each individual flight information region in pursuance of international air traffic rules shall be observed. 3.1.4.1 Within Copenhagen and Sondrestrom flight information regions the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark is the relevant ATS authority. 3.2 Observance 3.2.1 Commanding an aircraft either in flight or on an aerodrome traffic area shall be carried out in accordance with the general rules, cf. part 4, and in flight also in accordance with a. the visual flight rules or the instrument flight rules and b. the requirements that according to the below table are valid for each individual airspace class A-G unless otherwise stated in AIP. BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 2

Air traffic service airspace. Classification Class IFR/VFR Separation ensured between Service Speed restriction Requirement Radio communication. SSR mode Clearance A Only IFR All traffic Flight control service Two-way A+C Yes B IFR All traffic Flight control service Two-way A+C Yes VFR All traffic Flight control service Two-way A+C Yes C IFR IFR and IFR IFR and VFR VFR VFR and IFR Flight control service for separation to IFR. VFR/VFR: Traffic information. Avoidance guidance upon request. D IFR IFR and IFR Flight control service. Traffic information on VFR. Avoidance guidance upon request. VFR None Flight control service. Traffic information on IFR and VFR. Avoidance guidance upon request. E IFR IFR and IFR Flight control service. Traffic information on VFR to the possible extent. VFR None Flight information service. Traffic information to the possible extent. F IFR IFR and IFR to the possible extent Flight control service Two-way A+C Yes Flight guidance service. Flight information service. VFR None Flight information service. 250 KT IAS below FL 100 250 KT IAS below FL 100 250 KT IAS below FL 100 250 KT IAS below FL 100 250 KT IAS below FL 100 250 KT IAS below FL 100 250 KT IAS below FL 100. 140 KT IAS (table 5-1, VMC minima). Two-way A+C Yes Two-way A+C Yes Two-way Yes Two-way A+C Yes No Two-way A+C No No G IFR None Flight information service. 250 KT IAS below FL 100 Two-way A+C No VFR None Flight information service. 250 KT IAS below FL 100. 140 KT IAS (table 5-1, VMC minima). Two-way on flights in TIZ and TIZ No BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 3

3.2.2 The Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark may lay down and publish in AIP supplementing conditions for flight within the individual airspace classes as a whole or within defined parts thereof. 3.3 Responsibility 3.3.1 Whether operating the controls or not the pilot-in-command is responsible for commanding the aircraft in accordance with the air traffic rules. He may, however, deviate from these rules in circumstances making such deviation absolutely necessary for safety reasons. 3.3.2 Before a flight is commenced the pilot-in-command is under the obligation to obtain knowledge of any available information of importance to the flight in question. Preparation of a flight that is not going to be carried out in the vicinity of an aerodrome as well as all IFR flights shall include a thorough going through of available actual weather reports and forecasts, calculation of the necessary quantity of fuel as well as determination of an alternate procedure in case the flight cannot be carried through as planned. in any of the positions mentioned in 35 of the Air Navigation Act if, on account of illness, impairment, strain, lack of sleep, or being under the influence of narcotics or drugs or for similar causes, he is in such a state that he is unable to perform his duties on board an aircraft in a fully safe way. 4. General rules 4.1 Protection of persons, property and nature 4.1.1 An aircraft must not be operated in such a manner that other persons' lives are endangered. 4.1.1.1 The pilot-in-command shall see to it that other air traffic is not unduly interfered with or disturbed. 4.1.1.2 The pilot-in-command shall further see to it that the flight causes as little inconvenience as possible for the surroundings. This shall particularly apply to flights over densely built-up areas, recreational areas and the environmentally sensitive nature areas mentioned in BL 7-16. 3.4 Authority of the pilot-in-command The pilot-in-command has the final authority as regards making the necessary flight-related arrangements regarding the aircraft during the period of time in which he is responsible for commanding the aircraft. 3.5 Consumption of alcohol, stimulating medicine or anaesthetics 3.5.1 No person may perform or attempt to perform duty on board an aircraft in any of the positions mentioned in 35 of the Air Navigation Act if being under the influence of intoxicating liquor to such an extent that he is unable to perform his duties in a fully safe way, or if he has an alcohol concentration in his blood of 0.20 per thousand or more. 3.5.2 Neither may any person perform or attempt to perform duty on board an aircraft 4.1.2 Minimum heights Except when necessary for take-off or landing, a flight shall be flown at a height permitting landing in emergency situations without danger to persons or property on the ground or on water. The minimum heights laid down in Parts 5 and 6 shall also be observed. Note: In connection with calculation of the minimum heights for particular areas and particular ATS routes published by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark, the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark has used a conversion factor so that 984 FT equal 300 m. 4.1.3 Cruising levels The cruising levels at which a flight or a portion of a flight is to be conducted shall be in terms of BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 4

a. flight levels, for flights at or above the lowest usable flight level or, where applicable, above the transition altitude, and b. altitudes, for flights below the lowest usable flight level or, where applicable, at or below the transition altitude. 4.1.4 Dropping or spraying Nothing shall be dropped or sprayed from an aircraft, except under conditions prescribed by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark. Dropping and spraying shall also, where required, be performed in accordance with a clearance from or in consideration of advice and information from the appropriate air traffic services unit. Note: See also BL 5-2 and BL 5-8. 4.1.5 Towing No aircraft or other object shall be towed by an aircraft, except under conditions prescribed by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark. Towing shall also, where required, be performed in accordance with a clearance from or in consideration of advice and information from the appropriate air traffic services unit. Note: See also BL 5-8. 4.1.6 Parachute descents Parachute descents, other than emergency descents, shall not be made, except under conditions prescribed by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark. Parachute descents shall also, where required, be performed in accordance with a clearance from or in consideration of advice and information from the appropriate air traffic services unit. Note: See also BL 9-1. 4.1.7 Acrobatic flight 4.1.7.1 No aircraft shall be flown acrobatically unless approved to do so and shall not be flown in such a way that other persons' lives or property on the ground or other air traffic are endangered. 4.1.7.2 Except under conditions prescribed by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark, no aircraft shall be flown acrobatically a. over built-up areas, including areas with wee-end cottages and camping sites and large open-air assemblies of persons, b. in instrument weather conditions or c. at heights below 2000 FT (600 m) over the highest point within a horizontal distance of 1.5 km from the aircraft. 4.1.7.3 Acrobatic flights shall also, where required, be performed in accordance with a clearance from or in consideration of advice and information from the appropriate air traffic services unit. Note: As regards acrobatic flights in connection with civil air shows, see BL 5-3. 4.1.8 Formation flights 4.1.8.1 Aircraft shall not be flown in formation except by pre-arrangement among the pilot-in-command and if the flight is performed in compliance with the regulations in paragraph 4.1.8.2. 4.1.8.2 For formation flights in Classes A, B, C, D and E airspace, the following shall apply in addition to the regulations in paragraph 3.2: a. The formation shall operate as a single aircraft with regard to navigation and positioning. b. Separation between aircraft in the flight shall be the responsibility of the flight leader and the pilots-incommand of the other aircraft in the flight and shall include periods of transition when aircraft are manoeuvring to attain their own separation BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 5

within the formation and during joinup and break-away. c. Each aircraft in the formation shall maintain a distance not exceeding 1 km (0.5 NM) laterally and longitudinally and 30 m (100 FT) vertically from the flight leader. 4.1.9 Unmanned free balloons See BL 7-9. 4.1.10 Prohibited areas and restricted areas Aircraft shall not be flown in a prohibited area, or in a restricted area, except in accordance with the conditions of the prescribed restrictions or by permission, cf. BL 7-20. 4.2 Avoidance of collisions 4.2.1 Proximity An aircraft shall not be operated in such proximity to other aircraft as to create a collision hazard. 4.2.2.1 Approaching head-on When two aircraft are approaching head-on or approximately so and there is danger of collision, each shall alter its heading to the right. 4.2.2.2 Converging When two aircraft are converging at approximately the same level, the aircraft that has the other on its right shall give way, except as follows: a. Power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft shall give way to airships, gliders and balloons. b. airships shall give way to balloons. c. Gliders and hanggliders shall give way to balloons. d. Power-driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft which are seen to be towing other aircraft or objects. Note: When right-of-way is determined a powered-driven glider is regarded as a powerdriven heavier-than-air aircraft. when the engine is running. 4.2.2 Right-of-way When two aircraft are approaching the aircraft that has the right-of-way shall maintain its heading and speed. However, nothing in this rule or in other air traffic rules shall relieve the pilot-in-command from the responsibility of taking such action, including collision avoidance manoeuvres based on resolutions advisories provided by ACAS equipment, as will best avert collision. An aircraft that is obliged by the below regulations to keep out of the way of another shall avoid passing over, under or in front of the other, unless it passes well clear and takes into account the effect of the aircraft turbulence. 4.2.2.3 Overtaking An overtaking aircraft, whether climbing, descending or in horizontal flight, shall keep out of the way of an overtaken aircraft by altering its heading to the right. No subsequent change in the relative positions of the two aircraft shall absolve the overtaking aircraft from this obligation until it is entirely past and clear of the overtaken aircraft. 4.2.2.4 Landing 4.2.2.4.1 An aircraft in flight, or operating on the ground or water, shall give way to aircraft landing or in the final stages of an approach to land. BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 6

4.2.2.4.2 When two or more heavier-than-air aircraft are approaching an aerodrome for the purpose of landing, aircraft at the higher level shall give way to aircraft at the lower level. Aircraft at the lower level shall not take advantage of this rule to cut in in front of another aircraft which is in the final stages of an approach to land, or to overtake an aircraft. Nevertheless, power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft shall give way to gliders. 4.2.2.4.3 Emergency landing A pilot-in-command who is aware than another aircraft is compelled to land shall give way to that aircraft. 4.2.2.5 Taking off An aircraft taxiing on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome shall give way to aircraft taking off or about to take off. 4.2.2.6 Surface movement of aircraft 4.2.2.6.1 In case of danger of collision between two aircraft taxiing on the movement area of an aerodrome the following shall apply: a. When two aircraft are approaching head on, or approximately so, each shall stop or where practicable alter its course to the right so as to keep well clear. b. When two aircraft are on a converging course, the one which has the other on its right shall give way. c. An aircraft which is being overtaken by another aircraft shall have the right-of-way and the overtaking aircraft shall beep well clear of the other aircraft. 4.2.2.6.2 An aircraft taxiing on the manoeuvring area shall stop and hold at all runwayholding positions unless otherwise authorised by the aerodrome control tower. 4.2.2.6.3 An aircraft taxiing on the manoeuvring area shall stop and hold at all lighted stop bars and may proceed further when the lights are switched off and when authorised by the aerodrome control tower. 4.2.3 Lights to be displayed by aircraft 4.2.3.1 From sunset to sunrise all aircraft in flight shall display a. anti-collision lights intended to attract attention to the aircraft, and b. navigation lights intended to indicate the relative path of the aircraft to an observer and other lights shall not be displayed if they are likely to be mistaken for these lights. Note: Lights fitted for other purposes, such as landing lights and airframe floodlights, may be used in addition to the anti-collision lights specified in ICAO Doc 9760 to enhance aircraft conspicuity. 4.2.3.2 From sunset to sunrise a. all aircraft moving, whether by own power or being towed, on the movement area of an aerodrome shall display navigation lights intended to indicate the relative path of the aircraft to an observer. Other lights shall not be displayed if they are likely to be mistaken for these lights, b. unless otherwise adequately illuminated, all aircraft on the movement area of an aerodrome shall display lights intended to indicate the extremities of their structure, c. all aircraft operating on the movement area of an aerodrome shall display lights intended to attract attention to the aircraft, and d. all aircraft on the movement area of an aerodrome whose engines are running shall display lights which indicate that fact. BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 7

Note 1: "Aircraft operating" shall mean an aircraft taxiing or being towed or an aircraft temporarily stopped during taxiing or being towed. Note 2: If suitably located on the aircraft, the navigation lights referred to in 4.2.3.1 b. may also meet the requirements of 4.2.3.2 b. Red anti-collision lights fitted to meet the requirements of 4.2.3.1 a. may also meet the requirements in 4.2.3.2 c. and 4.2.3.2 d. provided they do not subject observers to harmful dazzle. 4.2.3.3 All aircraft fitted with anti-collision lights to meet the requirement of 4.2.3.1 a shall display such lights also outside the period between sunset and sunrise. 4.2.3.4 All aircraft, a. fitted with functional anti-collision lights to meet the requirement of 4.2.3.2 c. and operating on the movement area of an aerodrome, or b. fitted with functional lights to meet the requirement of 4.2.3.2 d. and on the movement area of an aerodrome, shall display such lights also outside the period between sunset and sunrise. 4.2.3.5 Notwithstanding the requirements of 4.2.3.1, 4.2.3.2, 4.2.3.3 and 4.2.3.4, a pilot may be permitted to switch off or reduce the intensity of any flashing lights if they are likely to a. adversely affect the satisfactory performance of duties, or b. subject an outside observer to harmful dazzle. 4.2.4 Simulated instrument flights An aircraft shall not be flown under simulated instrument flight conditions unless a. fully functioning dual controls are installed in the aircraft, and b. a qualified pilot acts as safety pilot. The safety pilot shall have adequate vision forward and to each side of the aircraft, or a competent observer in communication with the safety pilot shall occupy a position in the aircraft from which the observer's field of vision adequately supplements that of the safety pilot. Note: Pilots on all other flights than training flights shall be licensed to the type of flight in question. On training flights instrument flight conditions may be simulated for the student on condition that the requirements for training flights are met. 4.2.5 Operation on and in the vicinity of an aerodrome 4.2.5.1 An aircraft operated on or in the vicinity of an aerodrome shall a. observe other aerodrome traffic for the purpose of avoiding collision, b. conform with or avoid the pattern of traffic formed by other aircraft in operation, c. make all turns to the left, when approaching for a landing and after taking off, unless otherwise instructed by the air traffic services unit or unless otherwise prescribed by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark, and d. land and take off into the wind unless safety, the runway configuration, or air traffic considerations determine that a different direction is preferable. However, the runway determined by the air traffic services unit as runway in use shall be used unless safety determine that another runway is preferable. 4.2.6 Water operations 4.2.6.1 When two aircraft or an aircraft and a vessel are approaching one another and there BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 8

is risk of collision, the aircraft shall proceed with careful regard to existing circumstances and conditions including the limitations of the respective craft. 4.2.6.1.1 Converging An aircraft which has another aircraft or a vessel on its right shall give way so as to keep well clear. 4.2.6.1.2 Approaching head-on An aircraft approaching another aircraft or a vessel head-on, or approximately so, shall alter its heading to the right to keep well clear. 4.2.6.1.3 Overtaking An aircraft or vessel which is being overtaken has the right of way, and the one overtaking shall alter its heading to keep well clear. 4.2.6.1.4 Landing and taking off Aircraft landing on or taking off from the water shall, in so far as practicable, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. 4.2.6.2 Lights to be displayed by aircraft on the water Between sunset and sunrise all aircraft on the water shall display lights as closely similar as possible in characteristics and position to those required by The Danish Maritime Authority's order on rules of the road at sea. 4.3 Flight information air traffic services unit, shall be in the form of a flight plan. 4.3.1.1.2 A flight plan shall be submitted prior to operating: a. Any flight or portion thereof to be provided with air traffic control service. b. Any IFR flight. c. Any flight within or into designated areas, or along designated routes, when so required by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark. d. Any flight across Danish frontier or across the borders for Danish territorial waters unless the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark has permitted exemptions. 4.3.1.1.3 Unless a repetitive flight plan has been submitted or otherwise stated in AIP, a flight plan and its updating notifications shall be submitted before departure to an air traffic services reporting office or, during flight, transmitted to the appropriate air traffic services unit. Guidelines for submitting repetitive flight plans appear from AIP. 4.3.1.1.4 Unless otherwise prescribed in AIP, a flight plan for a flight to be provided with air traffic control service or air traffic advisory service shall be submitted at least sixty minutes before departure, or, if submitted during flight, at a time which will ensure its receipt by the appropriate air traffic services unit at least 10 minutes before the aircraft is estimated to reach a. the intended point of entry into a control area or advisory area, or b. the point of crossing an airway or advisory route. 4.3.1 Flight plans 4.3.1.1 Submission of a flight plan 4.3.1.1.1 Information relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight, to be provided to an 4.3.1.2 Contents of a flight plan 4.3.1.2.1 A complete flight plan shall comprise information regarding the following items: BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 9

Aircraft identification. Flight rules and type of flight. Number and type(s) of aircraft and wake turbulence category. Equipment. Departure aerodrome. Estimated off-block time (see 4.3.1.2.2). Cruising speed(s). Cruising level(s). Route to be followed. Destination aerodrome and total estimated elapsed time. Alternate aerodrome(s). Fuel endurance. Total number of persons on board. Emergency and survival equipment. Other information. 4.3.1.2.2 For flight plans submitted during flight, the information the information to be provided in respect of estimated off-block time will be the time over the first point of the route to which the flight plan relates. 4.3.1.3 Completion of a flight plan 4.3.1.3.1 A flight plan shall contain information on relevant items up to and including "Alternate aerodrome(s)" regarding the whole route or the portion thereof for which the flight plan is submitted. 4.3.1.3.2 A flight plan shall, in addition, contain information on all other items when so prescribed by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark or when otherwise determined necessary by the pilot-in-command. 4.3.1.4 Changes to a flight plan 4.3.1.4.1 All intentional changes to a flight plan submitted for an IFR flight, or a VFR flight operated as a controlled flight, shall be reported as soon as practicable to the appropriate air traffic services unit. For other VFR flights, significant changes to a flight plan shall be reported as soon as practicable to the appropriate air traffic services unit. As regards unintentional changes reference is made to the requirements in 4.6.2.2. 4.3.1.4.2 A report of departure shall be given at the earliest possible moment after departure to the appropriate air traffic services unit for each flight for which a flight plan has been submitted, unless otherwise prescribed by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark. 4.3.1.4.2.1 However, within Danish territory submission of such report is unnecessary after departure from an aerodrome where air traffic services are provided when it appears from the radio communication or visible signals that the departure has been observed. 4.3.1.5 Closing of a flight plan 4.3.1.5.1 A report of arrival shall be given at the earliest possible moment after landing to the appropriate air traffic services unit for each flight for which a flight plan has been submitted, unless otherwise prescribed by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark. 4.3.1.5.1.1 However, within Danish territory submission of such report is unnecessary after landing at an aerodrome where air traffic services are provided when it appears from the radio communication or visible signals that the arrival has been observed. 4.3.1.5.2 When a flight plan has been submitted only in respect of a portion of a flight, other than the remaining portion of a flight to destination, it shall, when required, be closed by an appropriate report to the relevant air traffic services unit. 4.3.1.5.3 When no air traffic services unit exists at the arrival aerodrome, the arrival report shall be made as soon as practicable after BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 10

landing to the nearest air traffic services unit. If it is expected that such arrival report will not be with the appropriate air traffic services unit within 30 minutes from the estimated time of landing, the latest time at which the arrival report can be expected shall be stated in the flight plan under "Other information". 4.3.1.5.4 When communication facilities at the arrival aerodrome are known to be inadequate and alternate arrangements for the handling of arrival reports are not available, the report shall, if practicable, be transmitted over the radio to an air traffic services union immediately prior to landing. 4.3.1.5.5 Arrival reports shall contain the following information: a. Aircraft identification. b. Departure aerodrome. c. Destination aerodrome (only in case of diversionary landing). d. Actual arrival aerodrome. e. Time of landing. 4.4 Signals 4.4.1 Upon observing or receiving any of the signals given in BL 7-11, aircraft shall take such action as may be required by the interpretation of the signal. 4.4.2 The signals of BL 7-11 shall, when used, have the meaning indicted therein. They shall be used only for the purpose indicated and no other signals likely to be confused with them shall be used. 4.5 Time 4.5.1 Co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC) shall be used and shall be expressed in hours and minutes and, when required, seconds of the 24 hour day beginning at midnight. 4.5.2 A time check shall be obtained prior to operating a controlled flight and at such other times during the flight as may be necessary. 4.5.3 Whenever time is utilised in data link communication, it shall be accurate to within 1 second of UTC. 4.6 Air traffic control services 4.6.1 Clearances 4.6.1.1 A clearance shall be obtained prior to operating a flight, or a portion of a flight in airspace classes in which clearance is required in accordance with the table "Air traffic services airspace. Classification" as stated in 3.2.1. Such clearance shall be requested through the submission of a flight plan to an air traffic control unit. Note 1: A flight plan may cover only part of a flight, e.g. the portion of the flight which is subject to air traffic control. A clearance may be issued covering only a part of the flight plan. This will be indicated in a clearance limit or by reference to specific manoeuvres such as taxiing, landing or taking off. Note 2: If an air traffic control clearance is not satisfactory to a pilot-in-command, the pilo-incommand may request and, if practicable, will be issued an amended clearance. 4.6.1.2 Whenever an aircraft has requested a clearance involving priority, a report explaning the necessity for such priority shall be submitted, if requested by the appropriate air traffic control unit. 4.6.1.3 Potential reclearance in flight If prior to departure it is anticipated that depending on fuel endurance and subject to reclearance in flight, a decision may be taken to proceed to another destination aerodrome than stated in the flight plan, the air traffic services shall be so notified by the insertion in the flight plan of information concerning the revised route and the revised destination. 4.6.1.4 An aircraft operated on a controlled aerodrome shall not taxi on the manoeuvring BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 11

area without clearance from the aerodrome control tower and shall comply with any instructions given by that unit. 4.6.2 Adherence to flight plan 4.6.2.1 Except as provided for in 4.6.2.2 and 4.6.2.4, a pilot-in-command on a controlled flight shall adhere to the current flight plan or the applicable portion of a current flight plan. If an emergency situation arises which necessitates immediate action by the pilot-incommand, the appropriate air traffic services union shall, as soon as circumstances permit, be notified of the action taken and the reason for such action. 4.6.2.1.1 Unless otherwise cleared by the appropriate air traffic control unit, a pilot-incommand on a controlled flight shall, in so far as practicable a. when on an established ATS route, operate along the defined centre line of that route, or b. when on any other route, operate directly between the navigation facilities and/or points defining that route. 4.6.2.1.2 To meet the requirement in 4.6.2.1.1, a pilot-in-command operating along an ATS route segment defined by VOR/NDB stations shall change his primary navigation reference from the facility behind the aircraft to that ahead of it at, or as close as operationally feasible to, the change-over point, where established. 4.6.2.1.3 Deviation from the requirements in 4.6.2.1.1 shall be notified to the appropriate air traffic services unit. 4.6.2.2 Inadvertent changes 4.6.2.2.1 In the event that a controlled flight inadvertently deviates from its current flight plan, the following action shall be taken: a. Deviation from track: If the aircraft is off track, action shall be taken forthwith to adjust the heading of the aircraft to regain track as soon as practicable while at the same time the air traffic services unit is notified. b. Variation in true airspeed: If the average true airspeed at cruising level between reporting points varies or is expected to vary by plus or minus 5 per cent or more of the true airspeed, from that given in the flight plan, the appropriate air traffic services unit shall be so informed. c. Change in time estimate: If the time estimate for the next applicable reporting point, FIR boundary or destination aerodrome is found to be in error in excess of three minutes from that notified to the air traffic services, a revised estimated time shall be notified as soon as possible to the appropriate air traffic services unit. The Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark may, where local conditions call for it, stipulate another period than three minutes. 4.6.2.2.2 Additionally, when an ADS agreement is in place, the appropriate air traffic services unit shall be informed automatically via data link whenever changes occur beyond the threshold values stipulated by the ADS event contract. 4.6.2.3 Intended changes 4.6.2.3.1 Requests for flight plan changes shall include information as indicated hereunder: a. Change of cruising level: Aircraft identification. Requested new cruising level and cruising speed at this level. BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 12

Revised time estimates (when applicable) at subsequent FIR boundaries. b. Change of route: i. Destination unchanged: ii. Aircraft identification. Flight rules. Description of new route of flight including related flight plan data beginning with the position from which requested change of route is to commence. Revised time estimates. Any other pertinent information. Destination changes: Aircraft identification. Flight rules. Description of revised route of flight to revised destination aerodrome including related flight plan data, beginning with the position from which requested change of route is to commence. Revised time estimates. Alternate aerodrome(s). Any other pertinent information. 4.6.2.4 Weather deterioration below the VMC 4.6.2.4.1 When it becomes evident that flight in VMC in accordance with its current flight plan will not be practicable, a VFR flight operated as a controlled flight shall a. request an amended clearance enabling the aircraft to continue in VMC to destination or to an alternative aerodrome, or to leave the airspace within which a clearance is required, b. if no clearance in accordance with a. can be obtained, continue to operate in VMC and notify the appropriate air traffic control unit of the action being taken either to leave the airspace concerned or to land at the nearest suitable aerodrome, c. if operated within a control zone, request authorisation to operate as a special VFR flight, or d. request clearance to operate in accordance with the instrument flight rules. 4.6.3 Position reports 4.6.3.1 Unless otherwise stipulated by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark or specially permitted by the appropriate air traffic services union, a controlled flight shall report to the appropriate air traffic services unit, as soon as possible, the time and level of passing each designated, compulsory reporting point, together with any other required information. 4.6.3.1.1 Controlled flights providing position reports to the appropriate air traffic services unit via data link communications shall only provide voice position reports when requested by the air traffic services unit. 4.6.3.2 Position reports shall similarly be made in relation to additional points when requested by the appropriate air traffic services unit. In absence of designated reporting points, position reports shall be made at intervals prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority or specified by the appropriate air traffic services unit. 4.6.4 Termination of control A controlled flight shall, except when landing at a controlled aerodrome, advise the appro BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 13

priate air traffic control unit as soon as it ceases to be subject to air traffic control service. 4.6.5 Communications 4.6.5.1 A pilot-in-command operating within areas where requirements are published in AIP to establish of two-way communication, or operating in airspace classes in which there is a two-way communication requirement in accordance with the table "Air traffic services airspace. Classification" as stated in 3.2.1, shall maintain continuous voice communication watch on the appropriate communication channels, except as prescribed by the appropriate air traffic control unit for a. aerodrome traffic at a controlled aerodrome and b. individual flights into or out of a control zone. Note 1: Use of SELCAL or similar automatic signalling devices satisfy the requirement to maintain an air-ground voice communication watch when this is stated in AIP. Note 2: The requirement of an pilot-incommand to maintain air-ground voice communication watch remains in effect after data link communication between air traffic controller and pilot has been established. 4.6.5.2 Communication failure If a communication failure precludes compliance with 4.6.5.1, the pilot-in-command shall comply with the regulations in BL 7-14 and with such of the following procedures as are appropriate. In addition, the aircraft, when forming part of the aerodrome traffic at a controlled aerodrome, shall keep a watch for such instructions as may be issued by visual signals. 4.6.5.2.1 If in visual meteorological conditions, the pilot-in-command shall a. continue to fly in visual meteorological conditions, b. land at the nearest suitable aerodrome whether radio contact is required or not, and c. report arrival by the most expeditious means to the appropriate air traffic control unit. 4.6.5.2.2 If in instrument meteorological conditions or when conditions are such that it does not appear feasible to complete the flight in accordance with 4.6.5.2.1, the pilot in command shall a. when flying within Copenhagen Flight Information Region (FIR) and Ronne Terminal Area (TMA) 1. maintain the last assigned speed and level, or minimum flight altitude if higher, for a period of 7 minutes, cf. 4.6.5.2.2.1, 2. thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan, 3. if the aircraft operates under radar track direction or "offset" in accordance with RNAV without clearance boundary, proceed in the most direct way to resume flight according to current flight plan not later than the next important point in consideration of the current lowest altitude, 4. proceed according to the current flight plan to the appropriate designated navigation aid serving the destination aerodrome and, when required to ensure compliance with 5. below, hold over this aid until commencement of descent, 5. commence descent, cf. 4. above, at, or as close as possible to, the expected approach time last received and acknowledged by the pilot-incommand; or, if no expected BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 14

approach time has been received by the pilot-incommand, the navigation aid referred to shall be left at, or as close as possible to, the estimated time of arrival resulting from the current flight plan, 6. complete a normal instrument approach procedure as specified for the designated navigation air, and 7. land, if possible, within thirty minutes after the estimated time of arrival in accordance with the current flight plan or the latest received estimated approach point, b. when flying outside Copenhagen Flight Information Region (FIR) and Ronne Terminal Area (TMA) 1. maintain the last assigned speed and level, or minimum flight altitude if higher, for a period of 30 minutes following the aircraft's failure to reports its position over a compulsory reporting point and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan, 2. proceed according to the current flight plan route to the appropriate designated navigation aid service the destination aerodrome and, when required to ensure compliance with 3. below, hold over this aid until commencement of descent, 3. commence descent from the navigation aid specified in 2. at, or as close as possible to, the expected approach time last received and acknowledged by the pilot-in-command. If no expected approach time has been received by the pilotin-command, the navigation aid specified in 2. above shall be left at, or as close as possible to, the estimated time of arrival resulting from the current flight plan, 4. complete a normal instrument approach procedure as specified for the designated navigation air, and 5. land, if possible, within thirty minutes after one of the following times, whichever is later: i. The estimated time of arrival specified in the current flight plan, or ii. the latest estimated approach time received and acknowledged. 4.6.5.2.2.1 The seven minute period mentioned in 4.6.5.2.2 a. begins at the latest time calculated from the time when a. the aircraft operate on a route without compulsory reporting points, or when the aircraft has been instructed to omit position reports 1. and the assigned level or the minimum flight altitude has been reached or 2. the SSR responder has been activated on code 7600, cf. 7.19.1 c. in BL 7-14, b. if the aircraft operates on a route with compulsory reporting points, and no instruction regarding omission of position reports have been received 1. and the assigned level or the minimum flight altitude has been reached, or 2. the SSR responder has been activated on code 7600, cf. 7.19.1 c. in BL 7-14, BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 15

b. the aircraft operate on a route with compulsory reporting points and no instruction has been received to omit position reports at 1. the time at which the last assigned level or minimum flight altitude has been reached, or 2. the estimated time notified by the pilot-in-command over a compulsory reporting point, or 3. the time at which it should report over a compulsory reporting point. 4.7 Unlawful interference The pilot-in-command of an aircraft which is being subjected to unlawful interference shall, if the aircraft is equipped with SSR transponder, endeavour to tune it to mode A, code 7500, and to transmit alarm 112 if the aircraft and the appropriate air traffic services unit are equipped with data link communication. 4.8 Interception 4.8.1 The pilot-in-command of a civil aircraft, when intercepted, shall comply with the procedures specified in BL 7-11 and BL 7-12. Note 1: The word "interception" does not include intercept and escort services provided, on request, to an aircraft in distress. Note 2: Interception of civil aircraft attempted to be avoided and will only be carried out as a last possibility. If interception of civil aircraft is necessary, the interception will be carried out in accordance with the procedures described in BL 7-11 and BL 7-12. 5. Visual flight rules 5.1 Except when operating as a special VFR flight in accordance with 5.1.1, VFR flights shall be conducted so that the aircraft is flown in conditions of visibility and distance from clouds equal to or greater than those specified in Table 5-1 giving the limit values for visual meteorological conditions (VMC). 5.1.1 Except when clearance for special VFR flight is obtained from the appropriate air traffic control unit, VFR flights shall not be performed within a control zone when a. the ceiling is less than 450 m (1500 ft), or b. the ground visibility is less than 5 km. 5.1.2 Within a control zone the appropriate air traffic control unit may give clearance for special VFR flights if the ceiling is not less than 150 m (500 ft) and the reported visibility at the aerodrome is at least a. 1.5 km within the periods stated in BL 7-15 and b. 8 km outside the periods stated in BL 7-15. 5.1.2.1 Special VFR-flights shall be carried out free of cloud and with sight of the surface as well as with a visibility of at least a. 1.5 km within the periods stated in BL 7-15 and b. 8 km outside the periods stated in BL 7-15. 5.1.2.2 For helicopters such flights within the periods stated in BL 7-15 may, however, be authorised performed with a reported visibility at the aerodrome and a flight visibility of at least 0.8 km on condition that the helicopter is operated at a speed making it adequately possible to observe obstacles in time to avoid collision. 5.1.3 Except where sight of the surface is required, cf. Table 5-1, VFR flights without sight of the surface shall not be operated unless in accordance with the regulations in BL 5-43. 5.2 Glider cloud flights are permitted when operated in accordance with the regulations in BL 7-7. BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 16

5.3 Unless authorised by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark, VFR flights shall not be operated a. above flight level 200, b. outside the periods stated in BL 7-15, excluding VFR flights operated in accordance with the requirements valid for VFR night flights, cf. BL 5-19 and BL 5-38, and c. at transonic and supersonic speeds. 5.3.1 Authorisation for VFR flights to operate above flight level 290 shall not be granted in airspace where a vertical separation minimum of 1000 ft is applied. 5.4 Except by permission from the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark flights shall not be flown a. over the congested areas of cities, towns or settlements, including areas with weekend cottages and inhabited camping sites as well as over an open-air assembly of persons at a height less than 300 m (1000 ft) above the highest obstacle within a radius of 600 m from the aircraft. Flights at lower heights shall, however, be permitted in connection with take-off from or landing at an approved aerodrome, b. elsewhere than as specified in a. at a height less than 150 m (500 ft) above the ground or water. Flights at lower heights shall, however, be permitted in connection with take-off and landing. Except when specially authorised by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark flights between the pylons of bridges, overhead lines etc. shall not be permitted. 5.5 Except where otherwise indicated in clearances or specified by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark in AIP, VFR flights operated a. in Denmark, in level cruising flights and b. in Greenland above 900 m (3000 ft= from the ground or water, shall be conducted at a flight level determined on the basis of the track as specified in the tables over cruising levels. Excepted from this requirement are flights during climb and descent. 5.6 Pilots-in-command operating VFR flights shall comply with the provisions of 4.6 a. when operating within Classes B, C and D airspace, b. when forming part of aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes, or c. when operating special VFR flights. 5.7 A pilot-in-command operating a VFR flight within or into special areas, or along special routes for which requirements are published AIP regarding establishment of two-way communication, shall maintain continuous voice communication watch on the appropriate communication channel of, and report his position as necessary to, the air traffic services unit providing flight information service. Note: See Notes following 4.6.5.2. 5.8 A pilot-in-command operating in accordance with the visual flight rules who wishes to change to compliance with the instrument flight rules shall a. if a flight plan was submitted, communicate the necessary changes to be effected to the current flight plan, or b. submit a flight plan to the appropriate air traffic services unit and, when operating in Class B, C, D or E airspace, obtain a clearance prior to proceeding IFR. BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 17

Table 5-1 (VMC minima) Airspace class A* B C D E F G Distance from cloud Above 900 m (3000 FT) MSL or above 300 m (1000 FT) above terrain, whichever is higher 1500 m horizontally 300 m (1000 FT) vertically Flight visibility 8 km at and above FL 100 5 km below FL 100 At or below 900 m (3000 FT) MSL or 300 m (1000 FT) above terrain, whichever is the higher Clear of cloud and in sight of the surface 5 km 3 km**/140 KT * The VMC minima in Class A airspace are included for guidance to pilots and do not imply acceptance of VFR flights in Class A airspace. ** Flights with aircraft established in the aerodrome traffic round may be permitted with a flight visibility of at least 1,5 km clear of cloud and in sight of the aerodrome. Flights with manned free balloons at or below 450 m (1500 ft) MSL or 300 m (1000 ft) above terrain, whichever is the higher, may be permitted with a flight visibility of at least 1.5 km. Helicopters may be permitted to operate with a flight visibility of at least 0.8 km on condition that the helicopter is operated at a speed that will give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision. 6. Instrument flight rules 6.1 All IFR flights 6.1.1 Aircraft equipment Aircraft shall be equipped with suitable instruments and with navigation equipment appropriate to the route to be flown. 6.1.2 Minimum levels Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except when specifically authorised by the Civil Aviation Administration - Denmark, an IFR flight, a. when operated over terrain or in mountainous areas above 1800 m (6000 ft) shall be operated at a level which is at least 600 m (2000 ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8 km (5 NM) of the estimated position of the aircraft, and b. when operated elsewhere than as specified in a., at a level which is at least 300 m (1000 ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8 km (5 NM) of the estimated position of the aircraft. 6.1.3 Change from IFR flight to VFR flight 6.1.3.1 An aircraft electing to change the conduct of its flight from compliance with the instrument flight rules to compliance with the visual flight rules shall notify the appropriate air traffic services unit that the IFR flight is cancelled and communicate thereto the changes to be made to its current flight plan. 6.1.3.2 When an aircraft operating under the instrument flight rules is flown in or encounters visual meteorological conditions is shall not cancel its IFR flight unless it is anticipated, and intended, that the flight will be continued for a reasonable period of time in uninterrupted visual meteorological conditions. BL 7-1 / Edition 9 / 21.11.2003 / 18