What we have in 2009?

Academic Ranking of World Universities 2009 Dr. Ying CHENG & Prof. Nian Cai LIU Center for World Class Universities Graduate Schoolofof Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Third International Conference on World-Class Universities 2 4 November, 2009, Shanghai, China What we have in 2009? Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Find out the positions of top Chinese Universities in the world higher education system Provide one source of information for the globalcomparison of universities Transparent methodology Objective indicators Third party data 1

What we have in 2009? Academic Ranking of World Universities by Broad Subject Fields (ARWU-FIELD) 2007 2008 2009 Five Broad Subject Fields Natural Sciences and Mathematics (SCI) Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences (ENG) Life and Agriculture Sciences (LIFE) Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy (MED) Social Sciences (SOC) What we have in 2009? Academic Ranking of World Universities by Subject Fields (ARWU-SUBJECT) 2009 Five Subject Fields Mathematics Physics Chemistry Computer Sciences Economics / Business 2

Ranking Methodology Selection of Universities Any university that has any Nobel Laureates, Fields Medals, Highly Cited Researchers, or papers in Nature or Science Major universities of every country with significant amount of papers indexed by Citation Indexes of Thomson Number of universities scanned > 2000 Number of universities actually ranked 1200 Number of universities published Top 500 Top 100 Top 100 ARWU ARWU-FIELD ARWU-SUBJECT Ranking Methodology Criteria and Weights of ARWU Criteria Indicator Code Weight Quality of Education Quality of Faculty Research Output Per Capita Performance Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject categories Alumni 10% Award 20% HiCi 20% Papers published in Nature and Science N&S 20% Papers indexed in Science Citation Indexexpanded and Social Science Citation Index PUB 20% Per capita academic performance of an institution PCP 10% 3

Ranking Methodology Criteria and Weights of ARWU-FIELD Alumni Award HiCi PUB TOP Fund SCI 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% / ENG / / 25% 25% 25% 25% LIFE 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% / MED 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% / SOC 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% / Ranking Methodology Criteria and Weights of ARWU-SUBJECT Alumni Award HiCi PUB TOP Mathematics 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% Physics 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% Chemistry 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% Computer Science Economics / Business 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% 10% 15% 25% 25% 25% 4

Results - http://www.arwu.org ARWU Top 500 universities ARWU FIELD ARWU SUBJECT Top 100 universities in Natural Sciences and Mathematics Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences Life and Agriculture Sciences Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Social Sciences Top 100 universities in Mathematics Physics Chemistry Computer Sciences Economics / Business Analysis of Results of ARWU A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by Their Home Countries The Rise of Asian Research Universities Which Countries Could Afford More World Class Research Universities? 5

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries 11 12 17 11 21 4 4 332 2 22221 6 5 5 United States Germany United Kingdom Japan 7 7 7 China France 8 9 22 23 30 31 40 152 40 Canada Australia Spain South Korea Austria Israel Finland Denmark Ireland Chile Hungary Poland Russia Argentina Iran Saudi Arabia Turkey Italy Netherlands Sweden Switzerland Belgium Brazil New Zealand Norway South Africa Greece India Portugal Singapore Czech Mexico Slovenia A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities The Association of American Universities (AAU) 60 US Members + 2 Canadian Research Universities with very high research activity defined by Carnegie Classification (2005) United States 96 Universities In ARWU 2009 AAU Members Research Universities All in (with VHRA) ARWU 2009 Top 100 48 52 55 101 200 4 25 35 201 300 6 15 22 301 400 3 26 401 500 1 14 Total 60 96 152 6

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities The Russell Group: an association of major research-intensive universities, 20 Members 1994 Group: a coalition of top smaller researchintensive universities ", 19 United Kingdom Members In ARWU 2009 Russell Group members 1994 Group members All in ARWU 2009 Top 100 11 11 101 200 6 6 12 201 300 3 4 10 301 400 2 3 401 500 2 4 Total 20 14 40 A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities The Excellence Initiative of the German Federal Government and the state governments promotes excellent research in German universities. A total of Euro 1.9 bn was granted in two funding rounds in 2006 and 2007 to 37 universities (9 + 28) In ARWU 2009 Germany Universities supported by Excellence Initiative All in ARWU 2009 Top 100 5 5 101 200 9 9 201 300 7 10 301 400 9 12 401 500 2 4 Total 32 40 7

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities National 7 Universities (Former Imperial Universities) Japan Group of 8 Australia In ARWU 2009 National 7of Japan Japan in ARWU 2009 Group of 8 of Australia Australia in ARWU 2009 Top 100 5 5 3 3 101 200 2 4 3 3 201 300 2 2 3 301 400 8 4 401 500 12 4 Total 7 31 8 17 A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries ARWU Results VS National Leading Research Universities 985 Project of China Phase I: Top 9 Up to Now: 39 in total Mainland China In ARWU 2009 Universities Supported by 985Project All in Top 9 Other30 ARWU 2009 Top 100 101 200 201 300 6 6 301 400 1 1 2 401 500 1 9 10 Total 8 10 18 8

A Gallery of Research Universities Recognized by their Home Countries How about other countries? If a country performs well in ARWU If the country has nationally recognized group (s) of research universities Most of those top 500 universities in this country must be members of its research university group The Rise of Asian Research Universities Distribution of Top 500 Universities 100% 80% 17 19 21 22 20 22 72 74 71 78 80 84 60% 40% 20% 200 198 196 197 190 184 209 205 207 208 210 208 Africa Oceania Asia Americas Europe 0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 9

The Rise of Asian Research Universities Chinese Universities among Top 500 30 Mainland China Ti Taiwan, China 25 Hong Kong, China 20 14 18 18 15 8 9 8 10 3 5 5 6 7 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 The Rise of Asian Research Universities Chinese Univ in FIELD and SUBJECT Institution Tsinghua U Peking U Mainland USTC Zhejiang U. Shanghai Jiao Tong U. Natl Taiwan U. Natl Cheng Kung U. Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua U. NtlChi Natl Chiao Tung U. HKUST Hong Kong U. Hong City U. HK Kong Chinese U. HK HK Polytechnic ARWU SUBJECT ARWU FIELD Math SCI Phys ENG Chem LIFE Comp MED Econ SOC 44 52 75 51 75 51 77 51 77 76 100 51 77 76 100 77 101 78 104 51 77 76 101 77 100 52 75 37 52 75 78 100 76 101 45 39 36 27 52 75 45 76 101 52 75 51 77 52 75 51 75 51 77 76 101 24 76 101 76 100 10

The Rise of Asian Research Universities Two New Comers from Middle East What happened in 2008? King Saud University Saudi Arabia Number of Highly Cited Researchers 0 5.5 University of Tehran Number of Papers in SCIE &SSCI 700 1400 Iran The Rise of Asian Research Universities Distribution of Top 100 Universities 100% 2 2 2 2 3 3 6 6 7 7 5 6 80% 60% 40% 20% 55 57 58 58 58 59 37 35 34 34 34 32 Oceania Asia Americas Europe 0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 11

Which Countries Could Afford World-Class Research Universities No. of Top 500 Universities VS GDP es of Top 500 Universiti More universities 10 than what they IAUshould have SENLESCHKRILATBEBRFIDKNOZIAESCZAIRSATRM1 JPFRCANZXLNumber Less universities than what they should have 100 1000 10000 GDP (Billions of USD) Which Countries Could Afford World-Class Research Universities No. of Top 500 Universities VS GDP per capita es Number of Top 500 Universiti 100 10 CN More universities than what they should have IN US UK DE JP IT CA FR AU ES SE NL KR IL BE AT BR CH NZ DK ZA FIIE CLRUPLHU PT GRSG 1 IR AR MXTR SA CZ SL R = 0.41 * NO Less universities than what they should have 1000 10000 100000 GDP per capita (USD per person) 12

Which Countries Could Have More World-Class Research Universities Based on GDP Based on GDP per capita RU IN PL GR PT MX TR SA IR AR CZ BR (12) CH AT BE BR FI NZ NO DK IE SG GR PT HU PL RU CL SL CZ SA TR MX AR IR (23) 10 Countries Russia Poland Greece Portugal Czech Turkey Saudi Arabia Iran Argentina Brazil Mexico Which else countries could have at least one Top 500 University? versities Number of Top 500 Univ US100 UKDECNJPCAITFRAUR = 0.74 ** SENLESKR10 ILATCBHEBRNZFIDKNOZIAEHCUSLGPTGRPLINRUGDP SL> 85CZBillions AIRSATRMX1 and 100 1000 10000 85 1200 GDP (Billions of USD) GDP per capita > 1200 Indonesia, US 100 ersitiesasia: Thailand, Malaysia UK DE CN JP IT CA FR AU R = 0.41 * 10 ES SE NL KR IL BE AT BR CH NZ FI DK NO ZA IE Number of Top 500 Univ Philippines, UAE, Kuwait, Kazakhstan IN CLRUPLHU GRSG 1 IR AR MX TR SA CZ SL Europe: Romania, Slovak, Ukraine 1000 10000 100000 GDP per capita (USD per person) Americas: Colombia, Venezuela, Peru Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, Libya PT 13

Problems and Limitations of ARWU Other missions are not well taken into account Education, social service Diversity of universities may not be properly reflected Size, budget Technical problems Language bias, database dtb problems Welcome comments and suggestions! What to expect in 2010 ARWU 2010 ARWU-FIELD 2010 ARWU-SUBJECT 2010 More subjects? Annual Report of WCU? 14