RUNWAY INCURSION PREVENTION MEASURES ------------------------- COSCAP SEA/SA/NA: SEARAST/SARAST/NARAST meetings ( Bangkok, Thailand, 8-9/11-12/15-16 January 2007) ------------------------------------------ Mr Jean JEZEQUEL, Manager, Airspace and Procedures, Aeronautical Infrastructures and Facilities Studies Paris Area Air Navigation Service 1
OUTLINE OF THIS PRESENTATION CDG Airport Traffic Conditions CDG Airport Layout (Runways/taxi-ways/terminals Air Traffic Control Towers) CDG Airport Basic Operations Runway Incursion Prevention Measures before opening south pair of RWYS (before March 1999) and during first months of operation Additional Runway Incursion Prevention Measures for years 2000 to 2003 Runway Incursions statistics Runway Incursion Prevention Measures for years 2003/2004/2005/2006 CDG Airport A-SMGCS (functions-alert visualization-new developments ) 2
AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONDITIONS ANNUAL TRAFFIC: 525000 ops (Year 2001)-511000 ops (Year 2002)-515000 ops (Year 2003)-527000 ops (Year 2004)-523000 ops (Year 2005)-540000 ops ( Year 2006). WORLD RANK for ops : Number 6 EUROPEAN RANK for ops: Number 1 PEAKS peak day : 1704 ops Peak hour : 141 ops MAJOR HUB FOR AIR-FRANCE over 150 foreign airlines operating at CDG WEATHER CONDITIONS Low Visibility Procedures (LVP) : 5 % of time A few snowy days 3
AIRPORT LAYOUT 3200 Ha 4 PARALLEL RUNWAYS South pair of runways in use since March 1999. North pair of runways in use since Autumn 2005. TAXIWAYS 70 Kms in all 2 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS South ATCT(1999), tall(h:80/85m) and close to south pair of RWYS (including an apron tower) Central ATCT, tall(h:80/85m) New north ATCT (October 2005), tall(h:90/95m) and close to north pair of RWYS (including an apron tower) 4
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CHARLES DE GAULLE BASIC OPERATIONS: Autumn 2005 8
(BEFORE OPENING SOUTH PAIR OF RUNWAYS) NEW FACILITIES SOUTH AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER (h:80/85m-cost : 15 millions Euros) good visibility on arrivals, holdings and crossings (in westerly and easterly flows) good visibility on departures sequences (in westerly and easterly flows) APRON TOWER LOCATED IN SOUTH TOWER (able to manage traffic around all CDG2 terminals) to alleviate traffic load of ground control positions AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER SIMULATOR,360, ( cost : 4 millions Euros) To provide training of all controllers working the south pair of RWYS from south ATCT before opening Note : This simulator is now adapted for north pair of RWYS, central and north ATCTs. 9
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(BEFORE OPENING SOUTH PAIR OF RUNWAYS) NEW EQUIPMENT 2 ND ASDE LOCATED ON SOUTH ATCT : better ground radar coverage of south side of airport LABELS (data blocks) ON GROUND AND LOCAL CONTROL POSITIONS easier management of traffic better discrimination for LOCAL and GROUND controllers, of the different positions of airplanes (more specially inbounds holding between the two RWYs ) VEHICLES RADIO LOCATION MONITORING SYSTEM to prevent drivers of incursions on RWYs 12
(BEFORE OPENING SOUTH PAIR OF RUNWAYS) TAXIWAY DESIGN SPACE PROVIDED to decelerate AFTER VACATING RWY, hold BEFORE CROSSING, CROSS AND TAXI QUICKLY away from departure RWY 384m between runway centerlines 4 exits (West and East RWY configurations) CENTRAL PARALLEL TWY between RWYs to collect several arrivals, hold and prepare sequences 4 TWYs PERPENDICULAR (West and East RWY configurations) to departure RWY for HOLDING AND CROSSING : good surveillance of departing traffic (West and East configurations) rapid and non confusing crossing of inner RWY Lighting system strictly ICAO ANNEX 14 compliant 13
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(BEFORE OPENING SOUTH PAIR OF RUNWAYS) PROCEDURES ARRIVALS ON OUTER RWY/DEPARTURES ON INNER RWY Ground crossings ILS and Approach lighting on inner RWY to be OFF (to prevent landings on the inner RWY) FOCUS ON READ BACK procedures (clearances and documentations) specially for ARRIVALS (i.e: HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY 26R on taxiway SIERRA TWO ) ONE LOCAL FREQUENCY FOR ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES arrivals change to Ground Control frequency only after the crossing of departure RWY permitting to the LOCAL controller to call them (and also the departures) if necessary. Pilots can monitor the sequence. ALL VEHICLES All vehicles having to operate on RWYS are equipped with Local Control frequencies and drivers are in contact with Local Control position AIRPORT DIAGRAMS in Westerly and Easterly flows, arrivals can see how to taxi immediately after departure RWY crossing if no immediate contact with ground control 15
(BEFORE OPENING SOUTH PAIR OF RUNWAYS) CONTROL POSITIONS TWO GROUND CONTROL POSITIONS working on south side of airport One working mostly arrivals (GSW in West flow, GSE in East flow), available to speak immediately to the arrivals after the crossing, and to give taxi-clearances arrivals exit quickly the departure RWY area One working mostly departures (GSE in West flow, GSW in East flow) to prepare the departure sequence TWO APRON TOWER POSITIONS (with a possible extension to three) to alleviate Ground Control traffic load on south side of airport 16
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(BEFORE OPENING SOUTH PAIR OF RUNWAYS) PRE-OPERATIONAL MEASURES AIRPORT SIMULATOR «SIMULOC» in operation two months before opening the pair of RWYS, to train all the controllers MEETINGS with airlines to explain the new procedures VERY LARGE DISTRIBUTION OF A VIDEO demonstrating the new procedures of the south pair of RWYS, highlighting specificities, namely holding before crossing and crossing of departure RWY ORGANIZATION OF TWO MEETINGS to allow pilots / controllers to acquire and mutually understand new procedures PUBLICATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH IATA, of a leaflet named HIRO and subsequent large distribution CAUTION MESSAGE on the ATIS, during the first month of operations (March 1999), for the arrivals vacating the outer RWY of the pair of RWYS ("After vacating RWY 26L, hold short of runway 26R") 18
(AFTER OPENING SOUTH PAIR OF RUNWAYS) FIRST DEBRIEFING AND CORRECTIONS (1999) TASK FORCE TO MONITOR OPERATIONS AND ANALYZE INCIDENTS (one meeting per month); it has progressively turned into a Local Runway Safety Team (ANSP, Aerodrome Operator, Airlines participation). MODIFICATIONS of procedures and documentation: GROUND CONTROL TAXI PROCEDURES : to give PRIORITY to arriving traffic over taxiing traffic on parallel TWY (to expedite crossing of inner RWY and avoid a holding of second arrival for a ground clearance close to (or on) the departure RWY). AIRPORT DOCUMENTATION DIAGRAMS : to integrate taxiing PRIORITIES ADDITIONAL GROUND MARKING ON THE HOLDING POINTS to REINFORCE their meaning (STOP) SIMULTANEOUS CAMPAIGN WITH AIR FRANCE for heightening pilot and controller awareness OF PHRASEOLOGY AND READ BACK SENSITIVITY 19
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( SINCE 2000 ) INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION PERMANENT (since 11/28/00) CAUTION MESSAGE on the ATIS, for inbounds vacating the OUTER RWY ( After vacating runway 26L, hold short of runway 26R ) MEETING WITH AIRLINES (12/15/00) for discussion and awareness PUBLICATION (Feb 2001) OF AN AIC pertaining to this problem with special distribution to airlines operating on airport UPDATING (2001) OF HIRO LEAFLET with special focus on this problem, promotion and large distribution MEETING WITH AIRLINES (1/18/02) REINFORCEMENT OF THE JEPPESEN caution box 21
(SINCE 2000) ENHANCED CAT 1 HOLDING POINTS AND OTHER ACTIONS IMPLEMENTATION OF TWIN WIG-WAG: 4 orange flashing lights on each side of 90m holding points, differentiating those at 150m (single Wig-Wag). REINFORCING HOLDING POINT : painting of ground with "RWY AHEAD" ground inscription DUPLICATION OF HOLDING POINT SIGNS (90m) on either side of the taxiway and erection of additional CAT1 signs. H24 WIG WAG at 90m holding point commuted with 150m WIG WAG in LVP ops REINFORCING SIGNS, MARKINGS AND RED LIGHTS on TWYs with only one way : NO ENTRY / RWY AHEAD painting of ground and specific signs for drivers, located at 90m from the runway centerline. REINFORCING and ADDING SIGNS and MARKINGS on TWYs, specially in complex areas. 22
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( SINCE 2000 ) NEW EQUIPMENT 3 rd and 4 th GROUND RADARS (ASDEs or SMRs) 3 rd ASDE, located South/East of airport, in service since early 2001 4 th ASDE, located North/West of airport, in service since spring 2002 MODE "S" multi-lateration system (installation finished October 2002, on test and trial since end of 2002), in full operational service Autumn 2003. GROUND SHORT TERM CONFLICT ALERT SYSTEM (on test and trial since autumn 2002) in service since July 2003;it s called RIMCAS. 26
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( SINCE 2000 ) PROCEDURES / HUMAN ERROR PREVENTION NEW PHRASEOLOGY (January 2001) for arrivals holding short of the inner runway of the pair, "DUPLICATING HOLDING INSTRUCTION" ", Hold short of runway 26R, holding point SIERRA TWO" (instead of ", Hold short of runway 26R, on taxi way SIERRA TWO) SPECIFICALLY FAMILIARIZE PILOTS with CDG airport complex layout and read back procedures Distribution of a specific CD-Rom IMPLEMENTATION of a Safety Management System (early July 2002) 28
( SINCE 2000 ) «In case of any doubt HOLD SHORT OF the inner RWY» The basic principle is the arrival traffic must HOLD SHORT OF the inner RWY and wait for a crossing clearance and acknowledge it. DEPARTURES ARRIVALS Arrival traffic on outer RWY must stop and wait on holding points. 29
(STATISTICS 2001-2002-2003-2004-2005) Traffic 2001: 525000 ops Important incursions: 3 (0 in LVP conditions) Traffic 2002 : 511000 ops Important incursions : 4 (0 in LVP conditions) Traffic 2003 : 515000 ops Important incursions : 5 (0 in LVP conditions ) Traffic 2004 : 527000 ops Important incursions : 2 ( 0 in LVP conditions ) Traffic 2005 : 523000 ops Important incursions : 3 ( 0 in LVP conditions ) 30
( 2003-2004 - 2005-2006 ) MODE S MULTI-LATERATION SYSTEM integrated in ground radar displays since early 2003 and in full operational service since Autumn 2003. GROUND SHORT TERM CONFLICT ALERT SYSTEM (Runway Incursion Monitoring and Conflict Alert System : RIMCAS ) integrated in ground radar displays since early 2003 and in service since July 2003. A-SMGCS = 4 ASDEs, mode S multi-lateration system, GSTCAS( RIMCAS ), alternated WIG-WAG 90m /150m, stop bars 150m,new vehicles location system via GPS (September 2005) GROUND VEHICLE GUIDE TO CDG AIRPORT SIGNS and MARKINGS, including best practices, distributed to all drivers operating on manoeuvring area (Summer 2004) RUNWAY SAFETY AWARENESS MATERIAL (CD-Rom including European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions, quizz,..) distributed to all personnel, special briefings (2004) REFRESHED CDG HOTSPOTS MAP in airport documentation (late 2004-late 2005.) NEW NORTH AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER close to north pair of RWYs (October 2005) PROVISION OF COORDINATOR LOCAL CONTROLLERS to help monitoring operations (scanning the runways.) or SPLITTING FREQUENCIES 31
( 2003 2004 2005-2006 ) CLOSED RUNWAY LIGHTED CROSS INTEGRATED IN APPROACH LIGHT SYSTEM ( on trial since May 2003 on RWY 27R) LIGHTED «RWY AHEAD» MARKINGS with fibre optics at CAT 1 holding points, (trials in 2004-2005-2006). AIRLINES/PILOTS :e.g:air-france:-pilots awareness, training,taxiing guide/quizz- New technology on board such as Runway Awareness and Alerting System(RAAS) built on EGPWS and giving to pilots aural advisories(e.g: approaching runway 26R ) of aircraft position during surface operations and on final approach (evaluations on board a few aircraft in 2005, and if conclusive,possible implementation on board of more and more aircraft in 2006/2007 ), and moving maps ( e.g:-on board B777 and A380.). NEW ACTION PLAN for the prevention of runway incursions for the 2006-2009 period, including «perimeter taxiways» studies, 32
A-SMGCS Functions Surveillance Routing Guidance Control 33
Surveillance : AVISO AVISO, in use in 1997/98 ( using data from the ASDE located on top of Central ATCT );first displays only on GC positions. End of 1998 :- second ASDE (on top of new South ATCT) 1999-2001 :- more positions with displays (GCs, LCs, APRs) Early 2001:-third ASDE (south/east of South pair of RWYs) ) Spring 2002:-fourth ASDE (north/west of North pair of RWYs) First half of 2003 :-AVISO 14 working positions (GC and LC positions in Central and South ATCTs, APRs in South Apron Tower, ) 4 primary ground radars ( ASDEs or SMRs ) RDP(STR) non-cooperative surveillance 34
Surveillance Vehicle surveillance : SYLETRACK, and now CAPRICORN via GPS ( september 2005) 2003: Mode S multi-lateration system cooperative surveillance 35
Since July 2003 : Control RIMCAS (Runway Incursion Monitoring and Conflict Alert System/Collision Avoidance System) Provides alerts Allows runway selection 36
Alert visualization 2 levels : Level 1 Level 2 37
Example (1) Take-offs 38
Example (2) Vehicle incursion 39
Example (2) Vehicle incursion 40
Example (3) Runway crossing 41
Example (4) Wrong runway 42
Example (5) Low Visibility Procedures(LVP) 43
New developments Integration with sequencing and planning tools.. Departure Manager ( DMAN ).. New Human-Machine Interface (HMI).. But CONTROLLERS, PILOTS, and DRIVERS HEAD UP and AVAILABLE for a CONTINUOUS WATCH ON OPERATIONS 44