Building Aviation Connectivity in Indonesia Research and Development Activities in Aerospace Design, Air Transport Engineering and Operations Hisar M. Pasaribu Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance Research Division Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Email: hmpasaribu@ae.itb.ac.id hmp1000@yahoo.com Presented at APEN Asia Africa Aerial and Optical Silk Road Conference Aula Barat ITB, 12 November 2015 to better serve you design a solution for your operation and maintenance
Presentation Outline 1 A Brief Introduction to Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute Teknologi Bandung 2 Building Aviation Connectivity in Indonesia 3 AE Research and Development Activities 2
A Brief Introduction to DEPT. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS, INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG 3
Institut Teknologi Bandung Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Faculty of Industrial Technology Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology School of Architecture, Planning And policy Development Faculties and Schools Faculty of Math and Natural Sciences School of Life Sciences and Technology Faculty of Art and Design School of Business and Management School of Pharmacy 4
Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Number of Faculty Total 84 Professors 12 Assoc. Professors 18 Assist. Professors 54 Research Divisions Mechanical Design 12 Energy Conversion 21 Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering 9 Material Science and Engineering 13 Flight Physics 12 Light-weight Structures and Materials 9 Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance 8 5
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Degree Programs Bachelor in Engineering Master in Engineering Doctoral Degree Non Degree Programs Credit Earning Activity (Polman, LAPAN) Training in Airport System (BPSDM) Research Collaborations Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) National Aeronautics and Space Institute (LAPAN) Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Defense Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Transportation PT. Regio Aviasi Industri (RAI) Established in 1962 2 Main Streams in Study Programs: Aeronautical Product Design Aviation Engineering (Operations and Maintenance) 6
Some Notes on BUILDING AVIATION CONNECTIVITY IN INDONESIA 7
Building Aviation Connectivity in Indonesia Connectivity relates to the ease with which people or goods can be moved between desired origins and destinations Air Transport Networks Airports Reliable and Safe Air Transport Operators Locally Integrated, Globally Connected Service Improvement through the Use of Technology and Qualified Human Resources Capacity Enhancement (Airline, Airport and Airspace) Supporting Infrastructure 8
Service Improvement through the Use of Technology Research Activities in AIR TRANSPORT ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS 9 9
Design, Build and Installation of a Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) at Medan Polonia Airport Customer: PT. (Persero) Angkasa Pura II RDPS is a computer-based tool for assisting air traffic controllers to monitor, control and guide air traffic in an airspace sector. It tracks, processes, and displays traffic situation in a window-based control station. It helps to provide safe traffic separation, thereby improving traffic flow and increasing airspace capacity. Medan ACC (Area Control Center) Air Traffic Situation Display 10
Design, Build and Installation of a Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) at Medan Polonia Airport RDPS Functionalities The Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) performs the following functions: a. Accept primary and secondary radar data from up to 16 radars; b. Process and format the data combined from all sensors for viewing on up to 20 consoles in the Area Control Centre and remote sites; and viewing at an optional positions in the Control Tower; c. Display the data at each user position (console); d. Accept flight plan data and combine with radar data; e. Provide Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW) and Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA), and Danger Area Intrusion Alarm functions; f. Process user requests for data and control; g. Provide on-line validity checking and alarm; h. Provide on-line malfunction detection and alarm; and i. Provide fail-safe degraded mode operation and back-up. j. In addition to these functions each console (as an option) is capable of receiving radar data directly from all radars. This is referred to as the bypass function. 11
Design, Build and Installation of a Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) at Medan Polonia Airport System Configuration The system has been in operation since 2007. It provides control over airspace from Pekanbaru to Aceh, from Batam to Indian Ocean. 12
Development of Tunnel in the Sky for Flight Navigation in Indonesian Airspace The objective is to provide pilots with information of where the aircraft is relative to the desired flight path and what action needs to be taken to stay on course. High quality situational awareness is required for low flying through mountainous landscape. The advent of light computer tablets with high quality 3-D display processing capability can provide low cost solution. The system configuration: Tunnel in the Sky Handheld GPS Positional data sensor Flight Information PC Tablet Data and display processing 13
Development of Tunnel in the Sky for Flight Navigation in Indonesian Airspace The Enarotali-Timika route is used for system verification and validation. The tunnel size is designed based on the largest type, Twin Otter aircraft. TANJUNG 03 54 51.48 S 136 17 12.48 E WAGHETE 04 02 37.20 S 136 16 34.79 E ENAROTALI 03 55 33.14 S 136 22 39.57 E The tunnels are positioned at 300 m. interval along the routes, totaling 280 square sections. Papua Island TIMIKA 04 31 01.21 S 136 52 01.10 E 2000 m from RW 08 3000 m open tunnel for performing turning maneuver 3,000 m SL 2,400 m SL 14
Development of Tunnel in the Sky for Flight Navigation in Indonesian Airspace The tunnel design is verified through flight testing in the Engineering Flight Simulator. The route is flown by a single engine Cessna 172P Skyhawk. TANJUNG ENAROTALI Inset (a) Tunnels from the front view WAGHETE To reflect real situations, a bad weather condition is used for the flight testing, in which fog covers the area resulting in much reduced pilot visibility. Inset (b) Tunnels in the perspective view TIMIKA Actual flight path in the Engineering Flight Simulator 15
Capacity Enhancement (Airline, Airport and Airspace) Research Activities in AIR TRANSPORT ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS 16 16
Design and Analysis of a GNSS-Landing System (GLS) Approach Procedure at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Instrument Approach RNAV (GNSS) RWY 25L The objective is to analyze the effectiveness of a GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation System) -based precision approach procedure at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. The design of the precision approach procedure follows the ICAO PANS-OPS Doc 8168 Vo. II Part III Section 6. OAS (Obstacle Assessment Surface) Template for Runway 25R Aircraft Category C/D Segment of the Approach Procedure Simulated Flight Trajectory of an RNAV/GPS Approach to Runway 25R 17
Design and Analysis of a GNSS-Landing System (GLS) Approach Procedure at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Flight simulation for verification and validation was performed using the X-Plane, Google Earth5 and MatLab/Simulink based Engineering Flight Simulator at the Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance Research Group, ITB HUB Web Server ITB Simulator X-Plane as Server LAN Approach Trajectory to Runway 25L Simulation was performed using Boeing 777-200 aircraft 3 4 5 Simulation Display LAN Client-01 LAN Client-02 Simulator Client-Server Network Offline analysis with MatLab 1 2 6 Desired track Simulation track Flight Parameters were recorded for analysis. 7000 6500 Altitude Flight Simulation APP07L 6000 5500 5000 4500 Altitude (feet) 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Time (second)
Development of Air Traffic Model at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Background There is a significant difference in capacity at SHIA as compared to other airports of similar layout. Capacity constraint leads to air traffic congestion, thereby increasing operational costs and reducing safety and service levels. Objectives To develop a realistic air traffic model at SHIA that can be used to establish scenarios for increasing capacity The model is developed based on MatLab SimEvents taking into account: 1. Airside configuration of the airport (runways, taxiways, aprons, etc.) 2. Air traffic procedure into and out of SHIA 3. Traffic demand rate 4. Safety standards in terms of aircraft separations between various aircraft categories
Delay (mins) Development of Air Traffic Model at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Delay (mins) Delay (min) Results Different traffic scenarios can be analyzed to establish a procedure that can anticipate real changes in demand pattern 6.00 4.00 2.00 Delay vs Aircraft Movement 70:30 Departure:Arrival Demand Ratio 0.00 55 65 75 85 95 105 Movement ARR DLA DEP DLA AVG DLA 15.00 10.00 5.00 Delay vs Aircraft Movement 30:70 Departure:Arrival Demand Ratio 0.00 55 65 75 85 95 105 Movement DEP DLA ARR DLA AVG DLA Different feedback scenarios can be analyzed to establish a procedure that can anticipate real changes in demand pattern Increasing inter-arrival separation to ease departure congestion Rerouting traffic to other waypoints in case of side imbalance 0.00 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 Delay vs Aircraft Movement Equal Departure:Arrival Demand Without Feedback Practical Capacity 80 Mov/Hr Movement TOTAL DLA ARR DLA DEP DLA
Development of a Multi-Airport Simulation Model for Airport Slot and Traffic Disruption Management Amount flight from Focus Airport Flight scheduling can be arranged to reduce traffic congestion at busy major airports. Rearranging flight schedules to and from busy airports can reduce delays not only at the airports but also at the other corresponding airports. The study utilizes a multi-airport simulation model by taking into account the corresponding airport capacities, flight separation criteria, aircraft rotation and expected flight delays. The study performed at 6 busiest major airports in Indonesia indicates that airborne delays can be significantly reduced by slightly rearranging flight schedules. The model can be used to analyze the impact of airline s additional flight requests to the traffic pattern. 0 1 2 3 4 5 >5 20 15 10 Departure Arrival 5 0 deviation from initial shedule (minute) 21
Development of a Multi-Airport Simulation Model for Airport Slot and Traffic Disruption Management Axis Title Jumlah Rerouted Jumlah Cancelled The model is expanded for traffic disruption management in case of one airport is suddenly unavailable for service. The solution can be either rearranging flight schedules to and from the disrupted airports or deviating ongoing flights to the alternate airports. Disruption Period A-FA 003 004 007 014 A-FC 301 308 303 B-FY 221 227 234 231 245 B-FZ 813 851 821 Disruption effected flight events 200 Number of Delayed Flights CGK Closure at 07.00 10 Number of Rerouted Flights CGK Closure at 07.00 150 Number of Cancelled Flights CGK Closure at 07.00 150 100 50 5 100 50 0 0 2 4 6 Disruption Duration (hr) Run1 Run2 Run3 Run4 Run5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Disruption Duration (hr) Run1 Run2 Run3 Run4 Run5 0 0 2 4 6 Disruption Duration (hr) Run1 Run2 Run3 Run4 Run5 22
Aircraft Flight Trajectory Reconstruction for Aviation Safety Analysis Aircraft accident analysis has been heavily relied on data recorder in the Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder (the so called black box) for establishing accurate analysis of the probable causes of accident. In the rare event in which the data in black box cannot be recovered, available data from other sources can be used to reconstruct the flight to provide clues as to what happen leading to the accident. The objective is to identify probable cause by establishing the most probable flight scenarios. -4.045-4.05 Latitude vs Longitude Flight reconstruction is carried out in the Engineering Flight Simulator by using data obtained from various sources (radar track recording, ATC communication, etc.) Latitude [deg] -4.055-4.06-4.065-4.07-4.075-4.08-4.085-4.09-4.095 118.45 118.5 118.55 118.6 Longitude [deg] 23
Aircraft Flight Trajectory Reconstruction for Aviation Safety Analysis Several event and flight scenarios are established based on the analysis of the available data. The flight can then be reconstructed to closely follow the trajectory. Flight parameters are continuously recorded for off-line Angle of Attack History analysis. 10 AoA [deg] 5 0-5 Altitude [ft] 4 x 104 Altitude History 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5-10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 time [sec] Beta Angle History 10-5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 time [sec] Based on flight data analysis for the most probable scenario, the probable causes of the accident can be identified. Beta Angle [deg] 5 0 Ground Speed [knots] 1 0.5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 time [sec] 620 600 580 560 540 520 500 480 460 440 Ground Speed History 420 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 time [sec] 24
Service Improvement through the Use of Qualified Human Resources Research and Development Activities in AEROSPACE VEHICLE DESIGN AND ENGINEERING SIMULATIONS 25 25
Design of Trainer Aircraft The project is sponsored by the Institute for Research and Development, Ministry of Transportation, Indonesia, for 3 (three) years (2013-2015). The objective is to design and build a two-seat trainer aircraft prototype for flight training. 2013: Conceptual design 2014: Preliminary design and manufacturing engineering 2015: Detail design and manufacture MTOW = 650 kg. Empty weight = 380 kg. Wing area: 9.4 m 2. Engine: Avco Lycoming IO-320B 140 hp 26
S h / S Design of Trainer Aircraft At present the activities include: Preliminary sizing Aerodynamic design and analysis Flight performance, stability and control analysis Preliminary definition of structural layout Preliminary systems design Budget and cost estimate C L C D Control and stability analysis 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.0 0.5 1.0 x cg / c bar Stall Landing take off rotation Stick Fixed Maneuver Point Desain Stick Fixed Static Stability 27
Research and Development in Engineering Simulators Development of WiSE Craft Engineering Flight Simulator The objective is to use the simulator for cockpit familiarization and operational training for pilots. 1. Development of out-of-window view : Day and night out-of-window view Test Area out-of-window view Marker 2. Development of audio system Stall Warning Light 28
Research and Development in Engineering Simulators 3. Development of simulated instruments 5. Development of Q-feel System Sofware Functional Test on Hardware System 4. Development of Simulation Software WiSE EFS Cockpit Panel SIMplifly.EXE Microcontroller on the board 6. Integration Simulator Software on Matlab/Simulink Executable Simulator Software 29
Research and Development in Engineering Simulators The WiSE EFS is extensively used for pilot familiarization and training. The EFS has been further developed to include other aircraft dynamics and can be used for many purposes: Fighter air combat simulation and analysis Aircraft accident analysis Flight verification and validation of a GNSS-based landing approach procedure. 30
Reliable and Safe Air Transport Operators Research and Development Activities in AEROSPACE VEHICLE DESIGN 31 31
Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology A collaborative research and development activity between the Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance Research Division and the Flight Physics Research Division of the Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. Fully funded by the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology of Indonesia. The aim is to provide a safe, fuel efficient, high-speed transportation mode between islands of Indonesia. 32
Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology Wing in Surface Effect (WiSE) craft, or popularly known as Wing in Ground Effect (WiG) craft is an air vehicle which operates at very low-altitude to gain improved lift-drag ratio by mean of a phenomenon known as ground effect. This phenomenon leads to fuel efficiency and finally reducing the flight cost The research and development activities cover configuration studies, design, analysis, and manufacturing of sub-scaled and full-scaled models. 33
Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology 1. Studies on configuration designs, structures, performances, stabilities, controls, etc 2. Experiments and data gathering 3. Flight Testing of Remote Controlled (RC) models 4. Prototyping of 2-seater and 8- seater configurations 5. Flight Simulator Development 34
Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology Concept validation is performed through design, build and flight test of remotely piloted sub-scaled models of different configurations. Rectangular Wing Configuration Simple Reversed Delta Wing Configuration Shouldered Reversed Delta Wing Configuration 35
Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology The research concludes at design, analysis and manufacturing of a full-scaled 8- seater WiGE craft 36