Nautical Institute Terrorism, Piracy & War Risks Global Piracy an update ICC International Maritime Bureau Cyrus Mody 06 November 2009
Topics IMB definition / function Facts and Figures Piracy who, what, where, how Piracy areas of improvement / concern & high risk Response
IMB definition - for statistical purposes An act of boarding or attempting to board any ship with the apparent intent to commit theft or any other crime and with the apparent intent t or capability to use force in the furtherance of that act
IMB Piracy Reporting Centre main aims / functions
Incident on Ship Anywhere in world 24hr manned IMB Piracy Reporting Centre Immediate Broadcast to all MRCC, Coast Guards & Naval Units in the area for assistance Broadcast to all ships in the Ocean region Incident Reports on ICC-IMB website Reports to IMO on weekly basis Compilation of Reports increases awareness of high risk areas and risk Compilation of Reports increases awareness of high risk areas and risk associated with those areas
Global Piracy Facts and figures
Where does it take place 2009 Total Attacks Reported 344 41 hijackings, 836 hostages
Total number of attacks over the past 6 years 500 450 444 400 350 329 344 300 250 276 236 263 293 200 150 100 50 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Comparison between Actual and Attempted Attacks 250 ACTUAL ATTEMPTE 200 205 173 187 200 170 174 150 100 71 63 76 93 50 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total number of ships hijacked 60 50 40 30 20 49 41 10 0 23 19 18 14 11 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total number of crew taken hostage 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 889 836 300 200 100 0 447 359 292 141 188 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Face of Piracy
What are they after
What is the outcome
Weapons Used
Damage caused
Equipment and means of attack
Global l Piracy
Area of Improvement Asia & Indian Sub Continent 2005 2009
Area of Improvement Asia & Indian Sub Continent 300 276 250 200 205 150 158 141 100 110 88 80 50 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Areas of Improvement MALACCA STRAITS
Areas of Improvement INDONESIA 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 94 80 30 20 50 43 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 26 9
Areas of Improvement BANGLADESH
28.09.2009 Chittagong Anchorage Eight robbers in fishing boat Attempt t to board Vigilant crew / Alarm Robbers move away 13.10.2009 Chittagong Anchorage Ten robbers boarded / stern Duty D t ABh hostage /knife at tthroat t Engine room stores stolen Robbers move away
04.03.2009 Chittagong General G lcargo vessel lberth 3 armed robbers boarded Security guard assaulted Face slashed 18.09.2009: 1720 UTC Off Anambas Islands, South China Sea LPG underway boarded Navigating officer as hostage Taken from bridge to Master cabin Master and nav. officer robbed C/O robbed Master taken to poop deck as hostage until disembark
NIGERIA
High Risk Area Nigeria 2009
High Risk Area - Nigeria
17.01.2009 Bonny offshore terminal VLCC cargo ops at SPM Pirates boarded line tug / Master of line tug killed Tug used to approach tanker Grenades thrown / did not land on tanker / Boarded vessel Crew hide in E/Room / Crew and ship ppty stolen
30 October 2009 Lagos Anchorage 2015 LT: 06:10N / 003:33E Drifting i Chemical tanker boarded by six armed pirates Alarm raised & Port Control contacted Bridge windows & accommodation doors fired at Pirates enter bridge, threaten & assault crew & damage comms equipt Cash & property stolen from ship Crew locked in cabin & pirates escape 2130 UTC: 06:08.16N/003:27.7E Bulk Carrier fired at Nine heavily armed pirates in a speed boat Crew taken hostage & assaulted Ship s communication equipment damaged Cash & property stolen from ship / crew Five crew injured Nigerian i Navy informed
SOMALIA
Reasons Civil war Somalia failed state Clan rivalry increase All industry including fishing collapse Neighbouring countries no resources / capabilities
2007 2005 2008 2006 2009
2008 Gulf of Aden / Somalia An unprecedented d situation i 111 reported attacks (92 / 19) 42 vessels hijacked (32 / 10) Hostages 815 Killed Three Further 39 vessels fired upon Four vessels hijacked in 48 hours 08 Q4 Moving back to the Arabian Sea 31 Dec 08 13 vessels / 242 hostages
2009 Gulf of Aden / Somalia 184 reported attacks (105 / 60 / 15 SRSea / 4 Oman) 38 vessels hijacked (18 / 20 / 1 ) Hostages 687 Killed Four Further 94 vessels fired upon (56 / 33 / 3 / 2) Problem has not gone away 5N Nov 09 10 vessels & 212 crew members Number of suspected pirates apprehended
Hijacked vessels 2009 (opportunistic) Fishing vessels Fareli Ali and Afraaf
Response Ship response Govt - Naval response
S H I P R E S P O N S E
16 Oct 09 General Cargo GoA S H I P R E S P O N S E
S H I P R E S P O N S E
Response - govt Information Sharing Awareness Cooperation
Response to Somalia International govts time to act Only effective response force - International navies Target Mother Ships Reports critical - especially attempted / suspicious incidents Vessels that got away. Prosecution of pirates in Somalia Long term - accountable government ashore
Somalia Response International
Conclusions Piracy global l tk take seriously Easy worldwide reporting of attacks first essential step Value of an independent reporting centre which lasts beyond today s hotspots Encourage governments to allocate resources and give piracy ypriority Violence remains high Potential for environmental disaster Somalia: The vessels that got away. Naval presence must be sustained...
Thank You Cyrus Mody Manager International Maritime Bureau Tel: +44 (0) () 20 7423 6960 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7423 6961 Email: cmody@icc-ccs.org Piracy Reporting Centre 24 hr. manned Tel: +603 2078 5763 Tel: +603 2031 0014 Email: piracy@icc-ccs.org Email: imbkl@icc-ccs.org
Definitions UNCLOS defines piracy as : - a) Any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and ddirected:- d i) On the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft ii) Against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State b) Any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft. c) Any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b)
07.09.2009 Nine armed pirates / Hijacked tug Used tug to attack & board another vsl Crew of both vessels robbed Pirates left both vessels 16.10.2009 Chemical tanker / Lagos anchorage Six armed pirates boarded Threatened crew Stole / transferred cargo of gas oil No injuries to crew
Indian Ocean Isses Vast expanse of sea difficult to monitor / respond Trade routes into Mombasa and Dar es Salaam SW Monsoons Challenge deploying limited naval resources to the best effect
The Response (Global) The real deterrent investigation, prosecution, punishment only Governments can do this.. resources, optimum deployment IMO provides the legal framework Reporting of attacks Flag states, RCC and IMB PRC independence of the agency receiving primary reports - make it easy for Masters to report Multi faceted response focus on all response options no single silver bullet.