Simulator Architecture for Training Needs of Modern Aircraft Philippe Perey Technology Director & A350 Program Director European Airline Training Symposium (EATS) Istanbul November 10, 2010
Agenda The technology revolution The transformation of modern aircraft Evolving needs of aircrew training How should the simulator architecture change? How should the synthetic environment change? How should aircraft FDM (*) be used to improve training? Conclusion (*) FDM: Flight Data Monitoring 2
Technology Revolution 30 Years of Progress Then Now The technology revolution has changed our lives. How must we adapt to better train our pilots? 3
Airline Cockpit Evolution - Then Direct flight controls Autonomous instruments Notepad was paper! DC-10, Circa 1971 4
Airline Cockpit Evolution 30 Years Later Fly-by-wire Fully integrated systems Electronic Flight Bag for operations Airbus A350, Circa 2013 5
Airline Cockpit Evolution 30 Years Later New systems allow aircrew to better see environment *ADS-B-in allowing awareness of all traffic within aircraft proximity Ground traffic with Onboard Airport Navigation System (OANS) Air Traffic with Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness (ATSAW) Class II Electronic Flight Bag for flight operations Increasingly tailored to airline flight ops and airline procedures Applications able to evolve rapidly no airworthiness restrictions Installed during flight, but removable units Software-centric approach Regular aircraft updates every year or two, EFB more frequently *ADS-B : Automatic Dependence Surveillance Broadcast 6
ADS-B Implementation Roadmap 7
OANS - Enhanced Safety at Airport CDTI: Cockpit Display of Traffic Information 8
Factors Driving Training Media Evolution Embedded computer applications evolve frequently Need for training device concurrency with aircraft evolution Aircrew tasks shifting to managing flight operations Environment simulation must increase to portray operational views Prescribed training now overly focused on failures (e.g. engine out) New training methodologies need to focus on human factors Situational Awareness, Decision Making, Communications Extensive information on events through black box data Training media & curriculum need to benefit to improve proficiency 9
Incident Causes Fatal Accident Causes by Category (percent) Cause 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s All Pilot Error (no-category) 40 32 24 25 27 26 29 Pilot Error (weather related) 11 18 14 17 21 17 16 Pilot Error (mechanical related) 7 5 4 2 4 3 5 Total Pilot Error 58 57 42 44 53 46 50 Other Human Error 0 8 9 6 8 8 6 Weather 16 10 13 15 9 9 12 Mechanical Failure 21 20 23 21 21 28 22 Sabotage 5 5 11 13 10 9 9 Other Cause 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 Over 2/3 of all accidents relate to human factors From PlaneCrashInfo.com accident database. Includes 1,300 fatal accidents involving commercial aircraft, world-wide, from 1950 thru 2009 for which a specific cause is known. 10
Evolution of Training Media The training media (i.e. simulator) needs to evolve 1 2 3 By embracing new simulator software architectures By enhancing the synthetic environment simulation By integrating FDM data into the training curriculum 11
1 How should the Simulator Architecture Change? Enable rapid inclusion of changes Exploit graphical-based simulation models to expedite concurrency with ever-evolving aircraft updates Support for customer-owned EFB in simulator Automate conversion of aircraft ICD into the simulator Quick identification of broken links in simulator diagnostic tools Easily embrace OEM/vendor software modules Larger portion of simulation now provided by OEM/vendor 12
Graphical Simulation Design & Analysis Fast simulation changes are enabled with graphical editor similar to aircraft system schematics 13
Simulation Model Connectivity Editor Interface configuration management and automated validation reduces integration time and issues post-update 14
2 How Should the Synthetic Environment Change? Include an always-current extensive airport suite For perfect alignment with OANS avionics databases To address FAA Part-60 regulatory requirement & ICAO 9625 ed. 3 To lower on-site database modeling effort Have a convincing air & ground-traffic environment To properly reflect airspace activity on the ATSAW display To deliver correlated ATC chatter on comms channels To support convincing runway incursion training A synthetic environment that evolves over time to always reflect current traffic and airport environments 15
Web-based Up-To-Date Airport Models Support for Tropos TM and Maxvue TM Plus Series Every customer able to see full product offering with status color-coding: [X] Latest Version Installed [X] Product Offering [X] New Version Recently Available [X] New Version In-Work Maintained to latest Jeppesen data Hundreds of training-qualified airports are available for download 16
Traffic Environment Simulation Fulfill ATSAW related training (ADS-B in) In trail procedures Spacing with target Aircraft on approach Traffic Awareness on surface Support runway incursions and emergency events Compliant with upcoming regulatory requirements Simulated RT chatter and ATC communications, in accordance with IATA document Simulated Air and Ground Traffic Environment for Flight Training level II High-fidelity traffic simulation can fulfill upcoming regulatory changes and extended training needs 17
3 How Should FDM (*) Be Used to Improve Training? Use FDM to adapt training to evidence-based methods New training philosophy of IATA ITQI (**) and U.S. House Bill 5900 Closed-loop adaptive training to aircrew group or individual needs Simulator should support aircraft FDM replay & fly out Fulfills evidence-based training using actual event recordings Ultimate what-if real world situation in trainee s hands Training center should cumulate simulator FDM data Provide trainee feedback on exceedance during debriefing Basis to correlate simulator-to-line-operations behavior transfer (*) FDM: Flight Data Monitoring (**) ITQI: IATA Training and Qualification Initiative 18
Proposed use of FDM Data in Simulator Aircraft Flight Data FDR/QAR/DAR NEW aircraft Database FDM statistics (simulator) FFS Reports Simulator Brief-Debrief (BDS) (automatic crew report, study Web Library, access Simulator FDM database) Download flight data Safety Center FDM STATISTICS (AIRCRAFT) EVENTS & INCIDENTS Upload ACCIDENTS + FDM Incidents Reports, Analysis & Animations Compare Aircraft and FFS Statistics Fly FFS with Flight Data Web Library FFS Flight Data Real-time instructor event detection feedback Instructor Operating Station (IOS) Full Flight Simulator (FFS) 19 New training Requires airline methodologies participation with novel use Uses of FDM FDM rules data and rules and would exposes fulfill FDM data evidence-based training provided by philosophy airline
Conclusion Modern aircraft cockpits have fully integrated systems Simulator-based aircrew training must adapt to paradigm 1 2 3 Architectures must support concurrency with everevolving fleet Up-to-date airport suite & more immersive synthetic environment needed to portray operational view in A/C Simulator training curriculum must leverage FDM Simulator-based training must evolve for the needs of modern aircraft and many of these capabilities are available today! 20
Thank you