Available olie at www.sciecedirect.com ScieceDirect Trasportatio Research Procedia 20 (2017 ) 361 366 12th Iteratioal Coferece "Orgaizatio ad Traffic Safety Maagemet i Large Cities", SPbOTSIC-2016, 28-30 September 2016, St. Petersburg, Russia Modular Maagemet of Idicators of Efficiecy ad Safety of Trasportatio Processes Lyudmila Kozhukhovskaya a, Vladimir Baskov b, Ato Igatov с * Yuri Gagari State Techical Uiversity of Saratov, 77 Politekhicheskaya str., Saratov, 410054, Russia Abstract The article examies mechaism of the trasportatio processes (TP) modular maagemet at all stages of its developmet ad implemetatio. Aalysis has bee completed of the factors that determie TP efficiecy ad a vehicle traffic safety durig cargo trasportatio. Methodological backgrouds have bee cosidered for perfectio of efficiecy ad safety of trasportatio processes of cargo trasportatio by motor trasport i coditios of icomplete certaity. Quality ad safety is esured by creatio of recofigurable trasportatio processes modules ad ivariat coditio systems ad efficiecy ad safety idices. 2017 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier by Elsevier B.V. This B.V. is a ope access article uder the CC BY-NC-ND licese (http://creativecommos.org/liceses/by-c-d/4.0/). Peer-review uder resposibility of the orgaizig committee of the 12th Iteratioal Coferece "Orgaizatio ad Traffic Peer-review Safety Maagemet uder resposibility i large cities". of the orgaizig committee of the 12th Iteratioal Coferece Orgaizatio ad Traffic Safety Maagemet i large cities Keywords: Maagemet, trasportatio process, safety, efficiecy, ivariace, module, trasportatio system, road coditios, timig. 1. Itroductio Provisio of the specified efficiecy idices of a wide rage of cargo trasportatio by motor trasport requires developmet of the trasportatio system structure (TS) ivariat of the requiremets for trasport service idices meetig, ad meetig the coditios ad characteristics of the road eviromet. The approved methods of trasport process (TP) developmet ad maagemet are, as a rule, based o the use of referece data or experiece of a motor trasport eterprise. Developmet ad selectio of TS ad TP usig the * Correspodig author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000. E-mail address: kog_lj@mail.ru a, baskov@sstu.ru b, camoxod1990@yadex.ru с * 2352-1465 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is a ope access article uder the CC BY-NC-ND licese (http://creativecommos.org/liceses/by-c-d/4.0/). Peer-review uder resposibility of the orgaizig committee of the 12th Iteratioal Coferece Orgaizatio ad Traffic Safety Maagemet i large cities doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.01.048
362 Lyudmila Kozhukhovskaya et al. / Trasportatio Research Procedia 20 ( 2017 ) 361 366 superpositio priciple i the ucertaity coditios, are caused by market relatios does ot completely esure effective results. 2. Mai part The article presets a ew approach to the trasport process maagemet based o the modular presetatio of its elemets. I the paper the problem resolutio is esured by provisio of carriage efficiecy ad achieved by the modular structure of TS ad TP maagemet at the stages of TP orgaizatio ad implemetatio. The task is solved by revealig the liks betwee elemets of the system "Driver-Vehicle-Road-Eviromet" (DVRE) ad formatio of the maageable system core ivariat of the required techical ad ecoomic idicators, iput iformatio o the coditios of a trasportatio service provisio ad the road eviromet characteristics [Stepaov et al. (2011)]. This approach esures creatio of a trasportatio system, which allows to adequately respod to chages i the coditios of iteral ad exteral eviromet ad the traffic situatio chages. I order to reveal liks betwee modules of the system DVRE set-theory aalysis ad structural sythesis methods were used [Baskov ad Kozhuhovskaya (2013)]. Use of structural aalysis is coditioed by the fact that structure reflects both the substatial aspect of TS ad TP ad chage of the commuicatio form durig their adaptatio to the ew coditios. The structure-formig factors that determie the maagemet coditios ad sythesis of the trasport system structure ivariat core ad the limits of its stability, takig ito accout the cargo carriage specific coditios ad safety requiremets were detected o the basis of the structural aalysis of the trasportatio process elemets. Performace ad safety resultig from factors classificatio maifestig i the ier ad outer eviromet were accepted as the characteristics of the trasportatio processes determiig its efficiecy. The followig ier eviromet various factors affect the performace ad safety of the trasportatio process: TS structure; vehicles performace criteria (VPC); orgaizatioal methods of motor trasport eterprise, etc. The level of traffic orgaizatio, characteristics ad state of the roads ad iformatioal support level of the trasportatio processes, etc. were cosidered as the exteral eviromet ifluecig factors [Baskov ad Kozhuhovskaya (2013)]. Creatio of TS core ivariat of the chagig coditios eeds the aalysis of the iitial iformatio o the properties ad trasport characteristics of carried cargo {G}, vehicles, logic of TP structures formatio ad selectio i order to determie effect of the characteristics of the DVRE system trasport capacity o the structure of the core {TS} ivariat of the executio coditios {TP } [Baskov ad Kozhuhovskaya (2013)]. For this purpose, we have examied formatio coditios ad chage of the TS state, while esurig the efficiecy ad safety of each TP optio. Idicator of orgaizatioal ad techological sustaiability ad adaptability of DVRE system modules reflectig its chageability for a variety of carried cargo {G} characteristics without chagig of TS target fuctio ad without trasportatio process efficiecy ad safety deterioratio was take as the ivariace level idicator. Esurig TP efficiecy by its maageable core ad quality ad safety idicators of DVRE system modules are cosidered as the system's ability to maitai fuctio ad TS w (t) target orgaizatio i case of situatio chage, the iput iformatio (X_ ij) o the coditios of the developmet ad course of the trasportatio process ad criteria for its evaluatio [Baskov ad Kozhuhovskaya (2013)]. Icompliace of properties {G}, {TP} ad structures of the S {TS} i multivariace of services provisio idetified the eed to study the structure to fuctio correlatios, establishmet of quatitative relatioships betwee their elemets uder coditios of icomplete certaity. As coditios of safety process esurig durig cargo carriage, the permissible time required for their implemetatio also have icomplete certaity required to develop rules of fuzzy iformatio trasformatio ito clear oe through step by step disclosure of ucertaity i usig the developed criteria system. I order to achieve the target durig determiatio of quality idicators of elemet sets correspodece {G}, {TP} ad {TS} the set-theoretic aalysis was used, ad o the basis thereof the ifluece extet was determied of the domiat factors o TP structure ad DVRE system, o the criteria to select a optimum combiatio of their properties (Fig. 1).
Lyudmila Kozhukhovskaya et al. / Trasportatio Research Procedia 20 ( 2017 ) 361 366 363 k b Fig. 1. Set-theoretical presetatio of membership fuctio i TP. TP ad DVRE have a variety of dimesio ad parametrically coected elemets variable uder chage of TP ad road eviromet coditios. Each actualizatio of TS structure forms a space of states with a sigificat umber of limits, ad complete ad reliable iformatio thereof is ot available. Establishmet of structural bods ad correlatios idetified performace idicators ad safety of DVRE system modules, their system properties allowig to provide possible modules system developmet aimed at cargo trasportatio oe techological similarity, takig ito accout tractio ad speed characteristics of trasport ad the specific road coditios. Aalysis of differet routig schemes ad situatios occurrig i combiatio of differet size ad timig TP parameters allowed obtaiig the computatio ad aalytical model to reflect the structure of TS elemets ad their effect o the efficiecy ad safety idicators of the trasportatio process [Kozhuhovskaya (2011)]. The set theoretic represetatio of iformatio for decisio makig allowed to demostrate bods i the form of itersectio of the sets {G}, {TP} ad {TS} i the Euclidea space.<0} Numerically their itersectio area is described as belogig factors. (1). Picture 1 displays coefficiet idexes kb ad kt showig correspodece of elemets accordig to safety ad time expeditures accordigly.assessmet of {ТP}, {ТS} ad {G} efficiecy coformace area is assessed by the DRVE elemets coformity μ Е т ad provided timig for a TP operatio performace [Zarubi (2010), Gasikova (2013)]. {G} {TP} {ТS} DVRE TS safety Reduced timig (1)
364 Lyudmila Kozhukhovskaya et al. / Trasportatio Research Procedia 20 ( 2017 ) 361 366 To assess characteristics effect of the trasported cargo rage the TP efficiecy assessmet procedure was developed, which takes ito accout process possibilities of the DVRE system elemets uder differet implemetatio schemes ad TP structure represeted by a tail of properties ad omeclature matrix of trasported cargoes [Gasikova (2013)]. (2), (3) where is cargo idex, j attribute idex. Coformity assessmet of cargo trasport characteristics sets. (4) where { } is the set of coditios to meet attribute of i-cargo; {S y} is the sets of DVRE system ad elemets thereof required to achieve j attribute durig trasportatio of i-cargo. (5) Estimatio of the level of cargo {G} characteristics coformace, {TP} parameters ad TS elemets state as modules DVRE system {DVRE} i time usig coefficiet of belogig of cargo characteristics μ Е to possible "state" of DVRE system modules allows to establish their correspodece with the flow of cargo carriage coditios: (6) Vector of TP structure formatio correspods to a specific orgaizatioal ad process solutio for a timig Z to esure TP performace ad safety. Iitial TS state is determied by its properties of S, meetig requiremets flow. (7) where is the flow of requiremets to TP, k is the umber of cargo type umber of set {G}, with properties Si; i is the umber of DVRE elemets; j is the umber of variable attributes; t is the timig for TP trasitio by readjustmet of structure ito. System DVRE modules chage vector i trasitio to ew TP implemetatio coditios may be represeted as: (8) Vector of TS trasitio correspods to a specific trasportatio solutio withi timig Z t ad traffic safety idicators. I order to make decisio o structure selectio i terms of timig criterio for trasitio Т r (SR (Z )) basic TS structure (the core) shall be selected with performace Q, herewith fix timig Z tf ad Т рf i problem solutio Т р ad S(l). The task icludes fidig of miimum timig. The miimum is take by all parameters for pep ad G (Ro, φ 0, P Q, Z) which is a o vacuous set. TS elemets trasitio coditio to a ew state uder the ifluece of chages i the properties {G} i terms of volume, omeclature, cargo carriage orders timig ad state of DVRE system moduli, are cosidered as exteral disturbaces. Disturbaces of pairs (K b, t), reflect the specific requiremets to perfect TP ad TS efficiecy through their
Lyudmila Kozhukhovskaya et al. / Trasportatio Research Procedia 20 ( 2017 ) 361 366 365 structural re-adjustmet ad cotrol of TS state variatios. I this case re-adjustmet of elemets ad coditios of DVRE system fuctioig uder effect of disturbaces flow at a momet t(t) may be described by the followig tuple: <R(Z), t(т), Q, K b,s(g)>, (9) where pep, φ is the flow of chages F*, SS *,(Z,T)(Z mi, Т mi) New state of DVRE system will be characterized by the tuple: <R*(Z)t(Т), Q, Z,S>, (10) where pep*, qeq*, φ EF*. * is the fixed value of idicator. K b,t,q,s are the variable values of TP efficiecy ad traffic safety idicators. As the trasport system is a set of elemets fuctioig i differet combiatios depedig o the purpose of the trasportatio process, type of MV ad evaluatio criteria, the authors used road characteristics, MV, traffic flow, resultig from their statistical aalysis, ad efficiecy techical-ecoomic idicators ad safety of TP as the evaluatio criteria. The basis of the structural sythesis problems solutio of cotrolled TP moduli of variuos complexity eumeratio of possibilities of a fiite set of DVRE system elemets is evisaged, coditios of their iteractio ad the evaluatio criteria. I the course of eumeratio of possibilities each of them icluded the followig stages: creatio or search of a possibility, decisio makig to replace the previously selected possibility with a ew oe, cotiuatio or termiatio of ew possibilities search to implemet the trasport processes. The problems solutio required to use automatio methods ad meas of decisio-makig i the developmet of the trasport process ad makig decisio of various levels of complexity. I the simplest sythesis problems of the first level of complexity, the structure of the trasport process ad its elemets are preset. I solvig this problem the authors used the DVRE system elemets applicability table which allow to create a system of modules used i the specific traffic coditios. For a structure complete eumeratio of possibilities from a fiite set of elemets all the elemets of this set shall be preset ad the authors preset it i their classificatio as the secod level of the structural sythesis complexity. The list is made as a catalog of the structure stadard variats, e.g. stadard traffic routes, stadard road situatios, etc.i such case the geeralized route specific for a defiite class is established for a give class (group, subgroup or cargo type).this list is ordered ad is TP core comprisig a set of existig idividual routes.these routes have a stadard sequece ad cotet, herewith they reflect the advaced productio experiece ad scietific research results at the level of MV or the automotive idustry. A ecessary prerequisite to obtai a idividual route of geeralized core is the presece of the itersectio area of trasport processes operatios Mi ad Mj as o vacuous set Mi M j. For example, correlatio of the trasported cargo characteristics ad road coditios. The capacity of sets of operatios itersectio (hadlig, cargo sligig schemes, etc.) of idividual routes (M), is the major characteristic (optimality criterio) of TP ivariat core formatio of a geeralized route for cargo omeclature carriage i.e., the umber of similar operatios icluded i this itersectio with o regard to the correlatio of the order of the elemets of the road eviromet characteristics, such as flow rate, speed ad etc. Mп M i (i 1, 2,..,) max; (11) I this case multiple represetatio of a geeralized route: Mо M i (i 1, 2,..., ) mi; (12) A logic fuctio correspods to each operatio of a geeralized route, depedig o the coditios cosiderig geometric specifics of roads, the required performace of the trasport process, the volume of traffic, the overall dimesios of cargo, safety coditios of the road eviromet, ad etc.
366 Lyudmila Kozhukhovskaya et al. / Trasportatio Research Procedia 20 ( 2017 ) 361 366 I geeral case the logic fuctio k-operatio of trasportatio process: f 2 1 ( A ) ; j 1 i1 i j (13) where А i is the coditio to perform trasport process; I = 1,2,.,1 is the umber of provisios associated with associated with the logical product, j=1,2,,2 is the umber of combiatios associated with logical additio. I this case logic fuctio determiig a safety route is as hereuder: 2 1 F ( A ) ; j 1 i 1 i j (14) i The stated results show that build-up of idividual cargo trasportatio routes is performed through their separatio from a geeralized route. Idices specific to defiite coditios of trasportatio process are iitial data for the said build-up. Therefore, the proposed method allows improvig TP efficiecy through creatio ad maagemet of VDVRE system moduli ivariat to customer requiremets for cargo trasportatio ad the iput eviromet iflueces withi the process capabilities of VDVRE system ad its elemets state i the variable eviromet. Methods of VDVRE system moduli situatioal maagemet is used as the basis of TP orgaizatio maagemet. TP core is formed through establishmet of liks of cargo {G} set of characteristics, VDVRE system elemets i the course of iput requiremets ad TS operatio coditios variace. For this purpose o the basis of the examied coditios ad processes geerality quatitative idicators obtaied i VDVRE system are used as criteria for decisio-makig i TP maagemet. Characteristics of the trasported cargo, MV performace idictors, result of the umerical aalysis of empirical ad statistic data o VDVRE system operatio idices are used as the iformatio source reflectig VDVRE system state. Refereces Baskov, V.N., Kozhuhovskaya, L.Ya. (2013). Criterio Base to Esure Trasport Processes Quality ad Safety. Nauchoe obozreie, (12): 387 392. Baskov, V.N., Kozhuhovskaya, L.Ya. (2013). Esurig Trasport Processes Quality ad Reliability through Creatio of Maageable Cores. Vestik SGTU, 2(71): 351 355. Baskov, V.N., Kozhuhovskaya, L.Ya. (2013). Methodology of Trasport Processes Orgaizatio through Creatio of Maageable Ivariat Core. Nauchoe obozreie, (5): 40 46. Baskov, V.N., Kozhuhovskaya, L.Ya. (2013). Methodology of Trasport Processes Orgaizatio through Creatio of Maageable Ivariat Core of VDVRE System. Nauchoe obozreie, 2(71): 52 64. Gasikova, AV. (2013). Itroductio to Traffic Flows Mathematical. Moscow: Moscow Ceter for Cotiuous Mathematical Educatio, 2 ed., 427p. Kozhuhovskaya, L.Ya. (2011). Situatioal Model of Process Structural-Parametric Trasformatio. Vestik SGTU, 3(61): 105 115. Stepaov, I.S., Pokrovsky, Yu.Yu., Lomaki, V.V., Moskaleva, Yu.G. (2011). Ifluece of Elemets of the System Driver Vehicle Road Eviromet i Road Safety.Moscow: "MAMI", 171 p. Zarubi, V.S. (2010). Mathematical Modelig i Egieerig. Moscow: Publishig House of the Bauma MSTU, 3 ed., 495 p.