RNP AR APCH Approvals: An Operator s Perspective Presented to: ICAO Introduction to Performance Based Navigation Seminar The statements contained herein are based on good faith assumptions and provided for general information purposes only. These statements do not constitute an offer, promise, warranty or guarantee of performance. Actual results may vary depending on certain events or conditions. This document should not be used or relied upon for any purpose other than that intended by Boeing.
ICAO PBN Standards RNP AR APCH Navigation specifications RNAV RNP RNP10 RNAV 5 RNP 4 Basic-RNP1 RNP Oceanic RNAV 2 Oceanic RNP APCH Remote RNAV1 Remote RNP AR APCH Additional requirement Route Terminal various phases 3D & 4D
RNP AR Approach Enabling Features Narrow Segments Narrow lateral linear segments (RNP-0.3 or less with no secondary buffers) Curved segments anywhere along the approach (Radius-to-fix legs with shorter leg lengths) Guided, narrower turns on missed approaches (Radius-to-fix legs, and RNP-1 or less) Performance-based Vertical Buffers (Vertical Error Budget ) STEP 1: Apply para 2-2 Segment Terminating Fix Tangent Points 2 RNP 2 RNP b Segment Initial Fix a STEP 4 STEP 3 c STEP 5 R R a=r b=r+(2xrnp) c=r-(2xrnp) STEP 2: Locate Turn Center Tangent Points 2 RNP 2 RNP Radius to Fix (RF) Segments Vertical Error Budget & Guided Missed Approach
Why RNP Now? Conventional Approach RNP Approach Fuel price concerns Environmental concerns (e.g. noise, emissions) Airspace congestion Safety concerns Benefits of RNP Decreased operating costs Increased revenue Reduced environmental impacts Increased schedule integrity Improved safety
Key Considerations for Obtaining RNP AR APCH Operational Approval Airline operational requirements specified by state regulations Navigation Specification does not constitute authorization, Aircraft certified by state of manufacture Operators authorized by state of registry RNP AR Approach operational approval from regulatory agency RNP AR APCH operational approval similar to Cat II and Cat III ILS approval Airline shows it meets standards for: Equipment, training documentation, operations manuals and checklists, safety and MEL considerations
Successful RNP AR APCH Operational Implementation Requires All The Elements Be In Place Regulatory Capability Airport & Facility Capability Air Traffic Capability Airplane Capability Airline Capability X X X X
Regulatory Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations Regulatory Capability Regulators must provide the regulatory basis Procedure design criteria Operations requirements Approval process ICAO Performance Based Navigation Manual
Airport and Facility Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations GNSS (GPS) availability. RNP AR approaches are only authorized based on GNSS as the primary navigation service. Location / Characteristics of Runway and Special Airport considerations Airport / aeronautical / terrain data compliant with ICAO Annex 15 Airport & Facility Capability
Air Traffic Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations To implement RNP Operations the airline must have access to RNP flight procedures Public Procedures Airline In-house Third party contract, e.g. Jeppesen RNP operations may require changes to ATC system interfaces and display to ensure necessary information on aircraft capability. ATC procedures Controller training Mixed navigation introduces complexity. Air Traffi Capabilit
Airplane Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations Airplane Capability In-service and new purchase airplanes must be configured properly to ensure eligibility for RNP AR Compliance with relevant airworthiness criteria AFM information regarding minimum RNP (unless state accepts manufacturer information) Established maintenance procedures MEL revision
Airline Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations Obtain RNP AR Instrument Procedures (3rd Party e.g. Jeppesen, in house, public) Validate Navigation database integrity Acquire or equip qualified aircraft Revise maintenance procedures Develop Flight Crew procedures Revise airline dispatch procedures Implement RNP monitoring and reporting Prepare an application documenting how RNP AR APCH requirements are met Airline Capability
RNP AR APCH Operational Implementation Process from Operator Perspective Example of RNP AR APCH operational implementation process Step 1: Project Planning Define objectives & requirements Determine applicable regulations Define plan and schedule Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required Design RNP procedures Conduct simulator flight assessment On-site evaluation flight if required Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval Update Operations Specifications Revise manual/ checklist and training plan Review with the regulatory authority Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation Start flight crew initial training Conduct dispatch / operation training Perform operation validation flight Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR Oversight operation standardization Approve operation under IFR
Step 1 Project Planning Plan and Analyze Step 1: Project Planning Define objectives & requirements Determine applicable regulations Define plan and schedule Select project manager Define project objectives and requirements Map out a long term vision of goals Understand the applicable regulatory requirements Define project plan and schedule Collect airport information Perform cost-benefit analysis Perform capability - gap analysis
Step 1 Project Planning Do Step 1: Project Planning Define objectives & requirements Determine applicable regulations Define plan and schedule Build a core team with skills required for success Explain the project plan, tasks and team member responsibilities Core team members should commit their availability for project duration Typical Team Structure: Core Management Team Procedures Team Aircraft Team Operations Team Training Team
Step 1: Project Planning Review and Refine Plan Step 1: Project Planning Define objectives & requirements Determine applicable regulations Define plan and schedule Review project plan with key stakeholders, including regulator Refine project plan as appropriate Key Considerations Most project plans require change and adjustments Understand and prepare for change Build time into schedule for unscheduled events
Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation - Key Tasks Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required Design RNP procedures Conduct simulator flight assessment On-site evaluation flight if required Conduct feasibility study Choose design criteria* Estimate approach minima Design RNP Procedures: Build procedures that comply with project plan Evaluate data integrity, FMS coding and PBN compliance Validate procedures through simulation and regulatory guidance Demonstrate procedures as part of validation flight, if required For Training Purposes Only * RNP AR APCH Design Critieria in ICAO RNP AR Procedure Design Manual
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval Example Contents Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval Update Operations Specifications Revise manual / checklist and training plan Review with the regulatory authority Typical contents for Application for Operational Approval for RNP Operations Regulatory Compliance Training Program Revisions Airport and Facility Considerations Maintenance Procedure Revisions Flight Operations / Operation Specifications RNP Operations Monitoring Air Traffic Coordination Operational Safety Assessment Aircraft and System Qualification Airline Validation Plan Navigation Database Validation Minimum Equipment List Revision
Flight Operations / Operation Specifications Documents the intended flight operations Describes conditions and limitations for RNP AR APCH approval, e.g., Corresponding flight crew procedures Standard procedures for conducting RNP operations The application should also include any documents used with the procedures such as checklists and briefing cards that standardize actions and ensure safety.
Aircraft and Systems Qualification Documents airplane and system compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Commercial Transport aircraft being delivered today have systems installed or options available to meet RNP AR APCH. Service Bulletins are available to upgrade newer models to meet most Navigation Specifications. This information is typically provided by aircraft manufacturer.
Navigation Database Validation Document systems in place to ensure data is always correct. Airline Internal Processes OR 3 rd Party Service (e.g. Jeppesen) for Quality Assurance of Navigation Database Validation of data base content Specific AR APCH procedures review Approved Navigation Database Source Provider must comply with EUROCAE ED-76 / RTCA DO- 200A, or equivalent approved procedures
Training Program Revisions Documents RNP training program and training (ground and flight) received by flight crews Documents RNP training for dispatchers and maintenance personnel supporting the conduct of RNP AR operations. The curriculum typically includes: RNP based flight operations concept Characteristic of RNP Airplane Systems Requirements Alerting and actions required Dispatch Requirements Minimum Equipment Requirements Airport Specific Requirements
Operational Safety Assessment Documents that the RNP operation is safely implemented in a State s particular CNS/ATM environment Assessment of Normal Operations Assessment of Rare-Normal and Abnormal Performance Operational Mitigations Airplane Systems Flight Crew performance Infrastructure Assessment Methodology Statistical analysis ICAO Flight Operations Safety Assessment (FOSA)
Airline Validation Plan Document plan for demonstrating to the regulator that have operationally incorporated the elements required for RNP AR operations. The validation plan should accomplish the following objectives: Demonstrate the aircraft capability to perform RNP SAAAR approaches Demonstrate the applicant s operational and dispatch procedures Demonstrate the effectiveness of the applicant s training programs
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval Regulatory Review Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval Update Operations Specifications Revise manual/ checklist and training plan Review with the regulatory authority Operator demonstrates to Regulator: The processes defined in applicant package are the processes used by the Operator This check is specific and detailed These events can be audited Key Considerations: All the pieces of the applicant package must fit together and be explained in this context Document management
Step 4: Operation Implementation and Validation Key Considerations Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation Start flight crew initial training Conduct dispatch / operation training Perform operation validation flight Integrate training programs for flight crews, dispatchers, and maintenance personnel into existing manuals Continue RNP training Perform operation validation Demonstrate to the regulator that the airline has incorporated all the elements required for RNP AR operations Preflight: Dispatch Paperwork Postflight Data Collection and Reporting
Step 5: Operational Approval Process and Implementation Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR Oversight operation standardization Approve operation under IFR Coordinate events with regulator The regulatory approval for RNP AR APCH operations will specify the: Type of procedures authorized RNP levels authorized Any limitations or restrictions on the operations Ops Specs Issued
Success! RNP AR Approval Achieved! Linzhi, China May 2007 For Training Purposes Only Total RNP *China solution Eastern provided Airlines Total by RNP solution provided Boeing (Boeing by one integrated / Boeing team Jeppesen / Alteon)
Summary: Obtaining Regulatory Approval for RNP AR APCH Operations Desired results require cooperation between regulator, air traffic service provider, operator and airplane manufacturer Follow the project plan Plan for and expect change. Include regulator as key team member from the beginning Insight into what needs to be accomplished Consider the need for 3 rd party assistance in achieving your operational goals Successful RNP Implementation Requires All The Elements Be Put In Place Regulatory Capability Airport & Facility Capability X X Air Traffic Capability X Airline Capability X = safe and efficient RNP operations Example of RNP AR APCH operational implementation process Step 1: Project Planning Define objectives & requirements Determine applicable regulations Define plan and schedule Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required Design RNP procedures Conduct simulator flight assessment On-site evaluation flight if required Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval Update Operations Specifications Revise manual/ checklist and training plan Review with the regulatory authority Airplane Capability Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation Start flight crew initial training Conduct dispatch / operation training Perform operation validation flight Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR Oversight operation standardization Approve operation under IFR
Boeing / Jeppesen RNP Solutions to support Airline RNP Operations F u e l P r i c e s E n v i r o n m e n t C o n g e s t i o n S a f e t y Brief RNP concepts to airlines and regulatory authorities Communicate the value of RNP operations Provide technical documentation for airplane systems qualification Develop a retrofit plan for inservice fleet (if required) Ops Approval Consulting FAA AC 90-101* / ICAO PBN Provide RNP training Develop RNP Instrument Flight Procedures and charts Provide navigation data For Training Purposes Only *Boeing and Jeppesen have been qualified by the FAA to assist operators in preparing for the AC 90-101 application process. The use of this service should result in an expedited approval process.
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