The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and the SDGs Gisela Robles, 9 Nov 2016, MPPN meeting, Acapulco.
High Resolution lenses Alkire & Foster (AF) method Formula: MPI = M 0 = H A 1) Incidence or the headcount ratio (H ), the percentage of people who are poor. 2) Intensity of people s deprivation (A), the average share of dimensions (proportion of weighted deprivations) people suffer at the same time.
Dimensions, Indicators & Their Weights Ten Indicators Health 1/3 Nutrition Child Mortality 1/6 1/6 Three Dimensions of Poverty Education 1/3 Years of Schooling School Attendance 1/6 1/6 Living Standard 1/3 Cooking Fuel Improved Sanitation Safe DrinkingWater Electricity Flooring Asset Ownership 1/18 1/18 1/18 1/18 1/18 1/18
Population Coverage by Income Category 5.3 billion people living in all six geographical regions MPI 2016 covers 93% of the combined population in Middle and Low Income Countries Income Categories Population in MPI countries (million) Total Pop in regions % Pop covered High income: OECD 0 1,063 0% High income: non-oecd 43 292 14.6% Upper middle income 2,046 2,350 87.1% Lower middle income 2,657 2,760 96.3% Low income 551 557 98.9% Total 5,297 7,023 100%
Global MPI findings
Where MPI poor people live: National Income Category Total population by income category Low income 10% Lower middle income 50% High income: nonoecd 1% Upper middle income 39% MPI poor people by income category High income: nonoecd 0% Upper middle income 7% Low income 25% Most poor people (75%) live in middle-income countries (MICS) Lower middle income 68% 2012 Population Data
South Sudan Niger Ethiopia Chad Burkina Faso Somalia Sierra Leone Burundi Mali Central African Republic Guinea-Bissau Guinea Congo, Democratic Republic of the Liberia Uganda Mozambique Timor-Leste Madagascar Afghanistan Tanzania, United Republic of Benin Gambia Cote d'ivoire Sudan Senegal Zambia Malawi Rwanda India Nigeria Mauritania Togo Haiti Cameroon Yemen Pakistan Namibia Bangladesh Kenya Congo, Republic of Comoros Lesotho Sao Tome and Principe Lao People's Democratic Republic Ghana Cambodia Vanuatu Zimbabwe Djibouti Nepal Bhutan Bolivia, Plurinational State of Swaziland Gabon Nicaragua Honduras Indonesia Morocco Tajikistan Iraq South Africa Philippines Peru Mongolia Guyana Viet Nam Turkmenistan Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Colombia Azerbaijan Brazil China Maldives Dominican Republic Belize Syrian Arab Republic Egypt Ecuador Argentina Mexico Uzbekistan Jamaica Jordan Thailand Libya Albania Ukraine Tunisia Palestine, State of Saint Lucia Barbados Georgia Moldova, Republic of Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Kyrgyzstan Armenia Montenegro Serbia Kazakhstan Belarus Comparing the Headcount Ratios of MPI Poor and $1.90/day Poor 100% Destitute MPI Poor people $1.90 a day within 3 years of MPI survey 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Annualized Changes in MPI for Africa Rwanda 2005-2010 Ghana 2003-2008 The Republic of the Mauritania 2007-2011 Liberia 2007-2013 The Republic of the Tanzania 2008-2010 Uganda 2006-2011 Burundi 2005-2010 Nigeria 2003-2008 Congo, Democratic Kenya 2003-2009 Gambia 2006-2013 Sao Tome and Principe Mozambique 2003-2011 Zambia 2001-2007 Mali 2006-2012/13 Cameroon 2004-2011 Namibia 2000-2007 Cote d'ivoire 2005-2011/12 Malawi 2004-2010 Niger 2006-2012 Central African Republic Madagascar 2004-2009 2 1 0-1 -2-3 -4 MPI (H)
$1.90/day MPI
Global MPI: Headline + Disaggregated detail Governance 10 Leave No One Behind
The Global MPI is used to inform the SDGs
End poverty in all its forms everywhere by 2030. Target 1.2: By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions Bhutan, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Seychelles, and Viet Nam are reporting the incidence (H) of multidimensional poverty associated with their global and/or national MPI for SDG indicator 1.2.2
A robust way to measure SDG indicator 1.2.2. The global MPI allows policy makers to: Leave No One Behind : it tracks poverty for different groups: sub-national regions, rural areas, children, ethnic and caste groups. Integrated, coordinated policy: it gives incentives to coordinate policy, to break down silos for policy impact. Universal relevance: indicators reflect contextual values and different meanings of poverty.
OPHI-MPI Team 2016 OPHI Research Team: Sabina Alkire (Director), James Foster (Research Fellow), John Hammock (Co-Founder and Research Associate), Adriana Conconi (coordination MPI 2013/14), José Manuel Roche (coordination MPI 2011, 2013), Maria Emma Santos (coordination MPI 2010), Gisela Robles (coordination MPI 2015/16) Bouba Housseini, Christoph Jindra, Yangyang Shen, Ana Vaz, Diego Zavaleta. Data analysts and MPI calculation: Christoph Jindra, Lu Gram, Usha Kanagaratnam, Christian Oldiges, Monica Pinilla Roncancio and Yangyang Shen. Special contributions: Bouba Housseini (new Ground Reality Check field material), Alejandro Olayo-Mendez (Research Assistance) and Conway Reinders, Mashrur Khan (country briefings edition) Communication Team: Paddy Coulter (Director of Communications), Heidi Fletcher (Web Manager), Felipe Roa and Joanne Tomkinson (Research Communications Assistants), Matthew Robson (Design Assistant). Administrative Support: Rachel Pearson (OPHI Project Coordinator) and Emma-Jane Grieg OPHI estimate the MPI, the UNDP Human Development Reports also publish it and we are grateful to our colleagues in HDRO for their support.