Plan Bleu pour l environnement et le développement en Méditerranée Sustainable Tourism Lucien CHABASON Quatrième réunion de la commission du développement durable (SUDEV) de l'arlem Bruxelles, le 16 janvier
Key points for tourism in the Mediterranean Around 280 million international visitors each year 30% of the world s international tourism Purveyor of employment and foreign currencies Highly vulnerable to downturns 40% of touristic arrivals by plane, 52% terrestrial Seasonal concentration still important Few development apart from coastal areas
Three specific objectives of the MSSD assigned to the tourism sector To reduce its adverse territorial and environmental effects To promote sustainable tourism products and offers, and increase the added value of tourism for local communities To improve governance for sustainable tourism
Components of Plan Bleu program on tourism Energy management: air transport and tourism in the Mediterranean Cruise and yachting in the Mediterranean: facilities and infrastructure, pollution and waste Profiles of sustainability in some Mediterranean tourist destinations Testing the additional Tourism indicators for monitoring the Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development
Energy management: air transport and tourism in the Mediterranean Even the most extreme scenario (scenario S4, in which carbon prices are projected to hit 1000 per tonne) would not lead to sufficient emissions reductions
Yachting in the Mediterranean Three issues of the yachting are: 1. Handling the pressure of demand without building new marinas on the Mediterranean s Northern shores 2. Improving infrastructure endowment to reduce the environmental impacts of yachting 3. Promoting links with the land
Cruise in the Mediterranean The cruise is generally more economically efficient than tourism but there are inequalities between national destinations: -Infrastructural endowment -Number of ports of departure
Sustainibility profiles: 11 case studies
1. 2. Analysis The Framework of the can define structure the influence structure on of a tourist the state destination of sustainability of a tourist destination and on the action priorities Alanya International clients and offers other than hotels Rovinj Torremolinos Cabras High valuation of leisure facilities Jerba Tétouan Presence with or without enhancement of natural and cultural heritage Siwa Oasis Al Alamein Castelsardo Matrouh City Tipasa National clients and accommodation offers based on hotels 9
Sustainibility profiles: economic & social dimensions Distribution of the revenue from tourism stays low Share of GDP reaped by the wealthiest members of Alanya s population increased from 44.4% of GDP in 1980 to over 56% of GDP in 2009 Persistence of social inequalities in employment access Overestimated potentiality for job creation Matrouh Governorat (2008-2009) High seasonality and unsecured employment 10
Sustainibility profiles: environmental dimension Water consumption often exceeds production and supply capacities Energy consumption as an issue for desalination plants installation/implementation Accommodation supply diversification & land saturation Urbanization thrust, tourism & waste production 11
Political dimension In destinations, the lack of coordination between stakeholders in tourism governance modes can involve the eviction of a part of stakeholders from decisionmaking processes
Recommendations 1. Reducing its adverse territorial and environmental effects 2. Promoting sustainable tourism products and offers, and increasing the added value of tourism for local communities 3. Improving governance for sustainable tourism
1. Reducing its adverse territorial and environmental effects
2. Promoting sustainable tourism products and offers, and increasing the added value of tourism for local communities
3. Improving governance for sustainable tourism