REPUBULIKA Y U RWANDA URUKIKO RW IKIRENGA RAPORO Y IBIKORWA BY URWEGO RW UBUCAMANZA

REPUBULIKA Y U RWANDA URUKIKO RW IKIRENGA RAPORO Y IBIKORWA BY URWEGO RW UBUCAMANZA 2004 - KAMENA 2011

2 IBIKUBIYE MURI RAPORO IBISOBANURO BY AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE... 3 IJAMBO RY IBANZE... 5 IRIBURIRO... 7 I. KUGEZA UBUTABERA KURI BOSE... 7 II. KUBAKA UBUSHOBOZI BW INKIKO... 9 III. GUTANGA UBUTABERA BWIHUSE KANDI BUNOZE... 19 IV. INGAMBA ZIFASHISHIJWE MU KUBONEZA IMIKORERE Y INKIKO... 32 V. INZITIZI URWEGO RW UBUCAMANZA RUHURA NA ZO N INGAMBA ZO KUZIKEMURA... 40 UMWANZURO... 41

3 IBISOBANURO BY AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE Adm. : Administratif (Imanza z Ubutegetsi) B.O. : Budget Ordinaire (Ingengo y Imari isanzwe) Civ. : Civil (Imanza z imbonezamubano) CM : Cour Militaire (Urukiko rwa Gisirikare) CS : Cour Suprême (Urukiko rw Ikirenga) C.T.B. : Coopération Technique Belge (Umushinga w Ababiligi) E.U. : Union Européenne (Umuryango w Ubumwe bw Uburayi) HCM : Haute Cour Militaire (Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare) HC : Haute Cour (Urukiko Rukuru) HCC : Haute Cour de Commerce (Urukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi) Gén. : Génocide (Imanza za Jenoside) I.C.F. : Investment Climate Facilities Min. : Mineur (Imanza nshinjabyaha z abana) P. : Page (Urupapuro) PACT Projet d Appui aux Cours et Tribunaux (Umushinga w Abaholandi)

4 Pén. : Pénal (Imanza z inshinjabyaha) Soc. : Social (Imanza mbonezamubanono) TB : Tribunal de Base (Urukiko rw Ibanze) TD : Tribunal de District (Urukiko rw Akarere) TC : Tribunal de Commerce (Urukiko rw Ubucuruzi) TGI : Tribunal de Grande Instance (Urukiko Rwisumbuye) TP : Tribunal de Province (Urukiko rw Intara) TPI ICT Tribunal de Première Instance (Urukiko rwa mbere rw Iremezo) Information Communication Technology (Itumanaho mu ikoranabuhanga) LAN : Local Area Network WAN : Wide Area Network EDRMS : Electronic Digitization Records Management System

5 IJAMBO RY IBANZE Uyu ni umwaka wa munani kuva aho Urwego rw Ubucamanza bw u Rwanda bwinjiriye mu mateka mashya yaranzwe ahanini n ivugurura. Intego nyamukuru y iryo vugurura kwari ukubaka urwego rw Ubucamanza rugira uruhare mu kubaka Igihugu kigendera ku mategeko nk inkingi y iterambere rirambye, hatangwa ubutabera bwihuse kandi bunoze. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, muri iyi myaka munani Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwaharaniye kwihutisha no kunosa serivisi zihabwa abagana Inkiko, hashakwa quality mu bikorwa byose, kugira ngo igihugu cyacu kibe competitive, hubakwa ubucamanza buri professionnal. Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwaharaniye kandi kubaka ubucamanza buzira amakemwa, bufite ethics bugenderaho na displine iburanga kandi bufite Indangagaciro bugenderaho arizo: «speed, quality, professionalism, discipline and integrity». Izo ndangagaciro akaba arizo zizakomeza kugenderwaho no mu myaka iri imbere. Kuva ivugurura ry Urwego rw Ubucamanza ritangiye mu mwaka wa 2004, uru rwego rwashyizeho gahunda y igenamigambi ishingiye ku ntego (strategic objectives) zikurikira: Kwegereza abaturage ubutabera; Gutanga ubutabera nyabwo kandi mu gihe gikwiye; Gushimangira ubwigenge bw urwego rw ubucamanza; Kunoza imikoranire y urwego rw ubucamanza n izindi nzego. Iyi raporo irerekana aho Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwavuye mbere y uko ivugurura ryo mu mwaka wa 2004 rikorwa, igaragaza bimwe mu bikorwa by ingenzi byagezweho mu myaka umunani, inzitizi rwahuye na zo n ingamba zafashwe mu rwego rwo kuzikemura ndetse n ingamba nshya rufite ubu. Ku bijyanye no kwegereza abaturage ubutabera, irerekana ingamba zafashwe zirimo kunoza uburyo bwo kwakira abagana inkiko, kumenyekanisha ibikorwa by ubucamanza n amategeko abigenga. Igaragaza kandi ukuntu aho inkiko zikorera hatunganyijwe, impinduka ku bijyanye no kongerera ubushobozi abakozi b Urwego rw Ubucamanza ndetse n ibikoresho bya ngombwa kandi bijyanye n igihe tugezemo bahawe. Ku bijyanye n intego yo gutanga ubutabera bwihuse kandi bunoze, iyi raporo igaragaza umurava wa buri rukiko na buri mucamanza mu guca imanza, ikanerekana uko ikigereranyo cy ubudakemwa bw ibyemezo bufatwa n Inkiko kimeze. Yerekana kandi umubare w imanza inkiko zinyuranye zifite ikanagaragaza n ingamba zafashwe mu rwego rwo guhangana n umubare munini w imanza zinjira mu nkiko.

6 Iyi raporo igaruka kandi ku byakozwe mu rwego rw ikoranabuhanga. Ubu buri mukozi w urukiko afite mudasobwa (computer) akoresha, kandi raporo zose zitangwa n inkiko zishyikirizwa Urukiko rw Ikirenga hifashishijwe interineti. Umuntu wese ukeneye amakuru ku bucamanza bw u Rwanda ubu akaba ashobora kubona aya ngombwa ku rubuga rw urwo rukiko. Imishinga y ikoranabuhanga yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ubu ni myinshi, ikaba izageza Urwego rw Ubucamanza ku ntambwe ishimishije mu mitangire ya serivisi, mu micungire y amadosiye y inkiko n iy abakozi, no mu kugenzura ibikorwa by inkiko, haba ku rwego rw urukiko ubwarwo cyangwa ku rwego rw ubuyobozi bw Urwego rw ubucamanza muri rusange. Urwego rw Ubucamanza rurashimira inzego zose za Leta ku mikoranire myiza bagiranye yatumye rushobora kuvugurura no kuboneza imiterere n imikorere yarwo. Rurashimira kandi abaterankunga bose barufashije mu bikorwa bitandukanye muri iyi myaka munani: iby ubwubatsi bw ingoro z ubutabera, ibyo kubonera inkiko ibikoresho bya ngombwa harimo n ibyo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu nkiko, abagize uruhare muri gahunda yo kongerera abakozi ubushobozi. Ubwuzuzanye n uruhare rwa buri mukozi w urukiko, buri rwego rwa Leta na buri muterankunga, byafashije Urwego rw Ubucamanza kugera ku ntego nyamukuru yo gutanga umusanzu warwo mu kubaka iterambere rirambye ry igihugu cyacu, buri wese na buri rwego bakaba bashimiwe inkunga yabo. CYANZAYIRE Aloysie Perezida w Urukiko rw Ikirenga akaba na Perezida w Inama Nkuru y Ubucamanza

7 IRIBURIRO Iyi raporo iragaruka ku byagezweho mu myaka ishize kuva 2004 kugeza Kamena 2011, kugira ngo uyisoma ashobore gusobanukirwa uko Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwagiye rutera imbere rushingiye ku cyerekezo cy iterambere rusange ry igihugu no ku ntego rwihaye yo gutanga ubutabera bunoze kandi bwihuse. Hashingiwe ku ntego Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwihaye,iyi raporo iribanda ku bikorwa bijyanye no: - kugeza ubutabera kuri bose; - kubaka ubushobozi bw Inkiko; - gutanga ubutabera bwihuse kandi bunoze; - kunoza imikoranire n izindi nzego. Iyi raporo iragaragaza kandi inzitizi Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwahuye nazo n ingamba zihari. I. KUGEZA UBUTABERA KURI BOSE I.1. KUMENYEKANISHA IBIKORWA BY URWEGO RW UBUCAMANZA Kuva aho ivugurura ry ubucamanza rikorewe, Urukiko rw Ikirenga rwifashishije uburyo bunyuranye mu kumenyekanisha imikorere y inkiko, amategeko azigengenga n agenga imiburanishirize. Muri urwo rwego uburyo busanzweho bwarakomeje ndetse hagenda hahangwa n ubundi. Mu buryo bwifashishijwe havugwa u bukurikira: Ibiganiro binyuzwa kuri radio Rwanda na City Radio kabiri mu cyumweru; inyandiko zihinnye zagejejwe ku bantu benshi (brochures na dépliants); Ikinyamakuru gisohoka buri gihembwe;

8 Ubutumwa bugufi bwamamaza (spot publicitaire) bunyuzwa kuri ayo maradiyo abiri; Umurongo wa telefoni itishyurwa, nimero yayo akaba ari 3670, abaturage bafitanye ibibazo n inkiko bifashisha bakageza ibibazo byabo ku Bugenzuzi bw Inkiko bigakurikiranwa; Website y Urwego rw Ubucamanza yavuguruwe kugira ngo ishobore kugaragaza ibikorwa by inkiko muri rusange Urubuga abantu basangaho amakuru anyuranye ku Cyicaro cy Urukiko rw Ikirenga (Public Information Kiosk) I.2. GUSHIMANGIRA UMUCO W UMURIMO UNOZE Muri uru rwego hifashishijwe ingamba zikurikira: Ishyirwaho ry abanditsi bashinzwe by umwihariko kwakira no kuyobora abagana urukiko. Kwifashisha inzira zinyuranye zigamije kunoza ihamagarwa ry ababuranyi Inyandiko zuzuzwa n ababuranyi batanga ibitekerezo byabo ku mitangire ya serivisi; Udusanduku tw ibitekerezo; Inyandiko (client charter) zimanikwa ahagaragara muri bureaux des requetes» (cyangwa hanze bitewe n imiterere y urukiko) zisobanurira abagana urukiko uburenganzira bwabo, n uwo bakwiyambaza igihe butubahirijwe Hakozwe inama zikangurira abacamanza guca imanza zinoze ndetse hafatwa n ingamba ku nkurikizi zishoboka ku bacamanza baca imanza zirimo uburangare, akarengane n ubuswa bukabije Hateguwe Icyumweru cyo kurwanya ruswa cyaranzwe n ibiganiro binyuranye muri urwo rwego mu nkiko zose

9 Hakozwe urugendo rwo kwamagana ruswa rwakozwe n abakozi bose b Urukiko rw Ikirenga bafatanyije n ab Urwego rw Umuvunyi. II. KUBAKA UBUSHOBOZI BW INKIKO II.1. GUSHYIRA MU NKIKO ABAKOZI BABIFITIYE UBUSHOBOZI Muri iyi myaka umunani ivugurura rimaze ritangiye, habayeho impinduka zigaragara ku bijyanye n abakozi b inkiko. Mu mwaka wa 2003, mu bacamanza 702 inkiko zari zifite, 74 ni bo bonyine bari bafite impamyabushobozi yo ku rwego rwa A 0 mu by amategeko. Ivugurura ryo mu 2004 ryasezereye abatari barize iby amategeko maze bake bari basigaye batararangiza amashuri baterwa inkunga yo kuyarangiza ku buryo kuva mu mwaka wa 2007, nta mucamanza n umwe utari afite nibura impamyabushobozi yo ku rwego rwa A 0 mu mategeko ukirangwa mu nkiko. Iyo nzira yo kugira abakozi bize iby amategeko irakataje no mu rwego rw abanditsi. Ubu mu nkiko nkuru (Urukiko rw Ikirenga, Urukiko Rukuru n Urukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi) nta mwanditsi w urukiko udafite impamyabushobozi ihanitse mu by amategeko. Ndetse no mu Nkiko Zisumbuye benshi bamaze kugenda bazibona. Uyu mwaka, Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwatanze ibitekerezo ku ivugururwa rikenewe mu miterere y inzego z imirimo, ku ntera abacamanza n abanditsi bakwiye kujyaho no ku bumenyi bagomba kuba bafite. Ibyo bitekerezo byaganiriweho na Minisiteri y abakozi ba Leta n umurimo, bishyirwa no mu mushinga w itegeko rigenga abacamanza n abanditsi utegereje kwemezwa n inteko ishinga amategeko. Hakurikijwe ibikubiye muri uwo mushinga, nta muntu uzongera kuba umwanditsi cyangwa umucamanza adafite nibura impamyabushobozi ihanitse mu by amategeko.

10 Imbonerahamwe ikurikira iragaragaza imiterere y impamyabumenyi z abakozi b inkiko mu mwaka wa 2011 Urwego Umurimo Gabo gore Impamyabumenyi PHD Masters A0 A2 CS Abacamanza 8 6 1 3 10 0 Abanditsi 7 1 0 1 7 0 Abagenzuzi b Inkiko 4 1 0 2 3 0 HC Abacamanza 18 8 0 1 25 0 Abanditsi 11 12 0 3 20 0 CHC Abacamanza 4 3 0 5 2 0 Abanditsi 2 5 0 0 7 0 CC Abacamanza 12 3 0 6 9 0 Abanditsi 10 5 0 0 15 0 TGI Abacamanza 60 39 0 0 99 0 Abanditsi 46 27 0 0 16 57 TB Abacamanza 67 49 0 0 116 0 Abanditsi 63 53 0 0 3 113 Igiteranyo 312 213 1 21 333 170 Abandi bakozi (Personnel d appui) 33 22 1 41 13

11 II.2. GUSHIMANGIRA IHAME RY UBURINGANIRE MU ISHYIRWAHO RY ABAKOZI MUNKIKO. Gushyigikira ihame ry uburinganire byitaweho mu gushyira abakozi mu nkiko. Mbere ya 2004, ku bacamanza 702, abagore bari 108 (15%). Mu mwaka wa 2011 kugeza mu mpera za Kamena, ku bakozi bose hamwe uko ari 539, ab igitsina gore ni 216 (40%). Ku bijyanye n uburinganire mu myanya y ubuyobozi mu nkiko, ku bayobozi 82 b Inkiko, abagabo ni 68 (72%) naho abagore ni 23 (28%). Imbonerahamwe ikurikira ni byo igaragaza. Imyanya y ubuyobozi bw Inkiko hakurikijwe ihame rya gender : Aba Perezida n Aba Visi Perezida INKIKO UMWANYA W UMURIMO GABO GORE CS Perezida 0 1 Visi Perezida 1 0 HC Perezida 5 0 Visi Perezida 0 0 CHC Perezida 1 0 Visi Perezida 0 0 TGI Perezida 8 4 Visi Perezida 9 3 TC Perezida 0 0 Visi Perezida 2 1 TB Perezida 46 14 IGITERANYO 68 23

12 II.3. GUKOMEZA KONGERA UBUMENYI BW ABAKOZI Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kubaka ubushobozi bw abakozi b Urwego rw Ubucamanza, abacamanza, abanditsi b inkiko n abandi bakozi babunganira mu kazi, bahawe amahugurwa yunganira ubumenyi bavanye mu mashuri. Bahawe n ibitabo banashyirirwaho amasomero kugira ngo bibafashe gutunganya neza imurimo bashinzwe. Hakurikijwe kandi uko ubushobozi bwagiye buboneka, buri mwaka bamwe muri bo bagiye bakora ingendoshuri kugira ngo bashobore kurahura ubwenge ku byiza babonye ahandi. Kuva mu 2005 kugeza 2011, hatanzwe amahugurwa y ibanze ku bacamanza n abanditsi binjira mu kazi. Ayo mahugurwa yibanda ku bumenyi ngiro bujyanye n umwuga w ubucamanza. Ni ukuvuga: Amahame agenga umwuga w ubucamanza Imiyoborere y inkiko Imicungire y Ubwanditsi bw Inkiko Imyandikire y imanza, Ikoranabuhanga mu bushakashatsi mu by amategeko Imiburanishirize y imanza Ububasha bw inkiko n ibindi. Abacamanza n abanditsi basanzwe mu kazi bo bagiye bahugurwa ku mategeko mashya uko agenda asohoka no ku bibazo biba byagaragaye mu mikoreshereze y amategeko. Amasomo ategurwa hashingiwe kuri raporo ziba zagaragajwe n Ubugenzuzi bw Inkiko cyangwa se hashingiwe ku bibazo by amategeko bigenda bivuka hakurikijwe uko imibereho y abaturage, ubukungu bw igihugu n imibanire yacyo n ibindi mu by ubukungu na byo bigenda bitera imbere. Nk uko kandi byavuzwe haruguru, Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwohereza buri mwaka bamwe mu bakozi barwo mu ngendo shuri mu bihugu bigaragara ko byateye imbere mu rwego rw ubucamanza kugira ngo bagire ibyo bigira kuri bagenzi babo bishobora guteza imbere ubucamanza bw u Rwanda. Mu bihugu byakorewemo ingendoshuri twavuga nk igihugu cy u Buholandi, u Bufaransa, u Bubiligi, Kanada, Ikirwa cya Maurice, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z Amerika, Afurika y Epfo ndetse no mu bihugu byo mu Karere nka Tanzaniya, Uganda na Zambiya.

13 Urwego rw Ubucamanza rukomeje kandi kongerera ubumenyi abakozi rubafasha kubona impamyabumenyi zisumbuye ku zo basanganywe kugira ngo ubucamanza bw u Rwanda bukomeze kongerera icyizere ababugana baba Abanyarwanda ndetse n abanyamahanga. Muri uru rwego, Hari abafashijwe kwiga babona impamyabumenyi ya Ao: 38 Hari abafashijwe kubona impamyabumenyi ya Masters mu Rwanda no muri Afurika y Epfo: 21 Hari n abarangije mu ishuri rihugura abacamanza rubahesha impamyabumenyi mu rwego rw ubumenyi ngiro: 47 II.4. GUTEZA IMBERE UBUSHAKASHATSI Kubaka ubushobozi bw abakozi bijyana no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi. Ni koko, mu gihe tugezemo, nta murimo n umwe ushobora gutezwa imbere abawushinzwe badakoze ubushakashatsi ku mpamvu zose zatuma urushaho gutunganywa neza. Ni yo mpamvu hashyizweho itsinda rishinzwe kujonjora imanza zaciwe, ribona zaba icyitegererezo, rikazikorera inyandiko mpine hashingiwe ku bibazo by amategeko birimo, rikanazitangaza ku rubuga rw Urukiko rw Ikirenga, kandi zigashyirwa no mu dutabo dushyikirizwa inkiko ngo zifashishwe. Ubwo bushakashatsi ku manza zaciwe neza bwunganirwa n ubundi bukorwa n Ubugenzuzi bw Inkiko ku manza ziciye nabi. Mu nama zose zihuza abacamanza ku rwego rw igihugu, Ubugenzuzi bw Inkiko butangaza amakosa yagiye agaragara mu mikirize y imanza kugira ngo amakosa nk ayo inkiko ziyirinde. Imanza zagenzuwe muri ubwo buryo na zo zohererezwa inkiko biciye ku rubuga rwa interineti. Igikorwa cy ubushakashatsi ku mategeko, nk inzira ihamye yo kubaka ubushobozi bw inkiko kizakomeza gutezwa imbere: Ubu hashyizweho abashakashatsi mu by amategeko. Kuri ubu bagengwa n amasezerano, ariko hari umushinga w itegeko usaba ko mu gihe kiri imbere hashyirwaho umwanya w abashakashatsi bagengwa na sitati (statut) kugira ngo bunganire inkiko mu buryo buboneye kandi burambye. Iki gikorwa kizashyigikirwa kandi na gahunda z ikoranabuhanga ririmo ryubakwa mu nkiko. Muri izo gahunda twavuga nk iyifashishwa mu gucunga neza ibikorwa by inkiko kuva urubanza rutangiye kugeza rurangiye (case management software yitwa EDRMS) na Micro portal y urwego rw ubucamanza ishamikiye kuri legal informational portal ihuriweho n inzego zinyuranye z ubutabera. Iyo micro portal yifashishwa mu gushakisha imanza

14 zaciwe hashingiwe ku bibazo by amategeko bizikubiyemo kugira ngo zikoreshwe n abacamanza nka precedents ndetse ikanatangaza n andi makuru yose yerekeranye n ibikorwa by inkiko. Kuri urwo rubuga ubu hamaze gushyirwaho imanza 1493 zaciwe n Urukiko rw Ikirenga hamwe n izindi 1127 zaciwe n Urukiko Rukuru. Uyu ni umwinjiro w urubuga rwa micro portal y Urukiko rw Ikirenga II.5. GUSHAKIRA INKIKO AHO GUKORERA N IBIKORESHO BIKWIYE Mu mwaka wa 2003 inkiko zakoreshaga ibikoresho bitajyanye n igihe. Inkiko nyinshi zari zigikoresha imashini zikoreshwa na "carbonne". Ibikoresho mu rwego rw ikoranabuhanga byari bike cyane kuko mudasoba zose hamwe zari 78 ku bakozi 1583. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko umuburanyi yasabwaga gutegereza amezi atari make kugira ngo ahabwe matolewa y urubanza rwe.

15 Kuva mu 2004 kugeza 2010, haguzwe ibikoresho byinshi kandi bigezweho birimo za mudasobwa n ibindi bikoresho bijyanye na zo. Ubu buri mukozi wese afite mudasobwa ye kandi anakoresha imbuga za interineti mu bwisanzure. Haguzwe kandi ibikoresho byo mu biro bitandukanye n imashini zibyara amashanyarazi, intebe abakozi ndetse n ababuranyi bicaraho. Ibyo bikoresho byagize uruhare runini muri gahunda yo gutanga ubutabera bwihuse. Ubu mu nkiko zose, imanza zisomwa zanditse hakoreshejwe mudasobwa ku buryo umuturage ukeneye matolewa agomba kuyihabwa akimara kugaragaza ibya ngomba bikenewe: gitansi yishyuriyeho cyangwa icyemezo cy ubukene. Amashusho akurikira arerekana Perezida w Urukiko rw Ikirenga, Nyakubahwa Cyanzayire Aloysia ari kumwe n abaterankunga basuye inkiko kugira ngo birebere uko ikoranabuhanga rizigeraho. Nyakubahwa Perezida w Urukiko rw Ikirenga amurikirwa ibikoresho bishya by ikoranabuhanga inkiko zisigaye zifite (Photo SC) II.6. GUSHAKIRA INKIKO IBIKORESHO BIKWIYE Kugira ngo inkiko zibashe kugera ku nshingano zazo, ni ngombwa ko zigira aho zikorera hatunganye kandi zigahabwa ibikoresho bikwiye. Iyo ntego iri mu byo Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwakomeje guharanira muri iyi myaka 8 ishize. Hari byinshi byagezweho, ariko haracyari n ibigikeneye gukorwa. II.6.1. INGORO Z UBUTABERA ZARAVUGURUWE Kuva 2005 inkiko zakomeje gushakirwa aho zikorera hatunganye. Inkiko 29 zarasanwe cyangwa ziragurwa. Izo ni Urukiko rw Ikirenga, Ingereko z Urukiko Rukuru zikorera Rusizi na Musanze, Urukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi,

16 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Urukiko rw Ubucuruzi rwa Huye n inkiko z ibanze 23. Inkiko zubakiwe inyubako nshya ni 26. Abaterankunga bafashije mu bikorwa by ubwubatsi ni Netherland, CTB, EU na UNDP. Inkiko zose zubatswe n izasanwe zirasukuye, zifite amashanyarazi, aho amashanyarazi ataragera baguriwe imashini zibyara amashanyarazi (generators). Urukiko rw Ikirenga rufite ingamba zo gukomeza gusana no kuvugurura inkiko zitashoboye kubonerwa inyubako zitunganye, kandi izubatswe, izasanwe, izizubakwa n izizasanwa zose zigashakirwa ingufu z amashanyarazi. Amafoto akurikira arerekana ingero za zimwe mu ngoro zubatswe n izasanwe Inyubako ya kera y Urukiko rw Ibanze Inyubako nshya y Urukiko rw Ibanze Inkiko z Ibanze zubatswe zose zifite inyubako zimeze nk iya TB Kagarama (Photo PACT)

17 Inyubako ishaje y Urukiko Rwisumbuye Inyubako nshya y Urukiko Rwisumbuye Inyubako ishaje y Urukiko Rukuru Inyubako nshya y Urukiko Rukuru II.6.2. INKIKO ZAHAWE IBIKORESHO BIKENEWE Mbere ya 2004, hari mudasobwa 78 mu nkiko ku bakozi 1583. Ubu abakozi bose uko ari 539, buri mukozi afite Computer. Hagurwa gusa izisimbura izashaje cyangwa izapfuye. Mbere ya 2004, hari photocopieuses 29. Ubu hari 124. Mbere ya 2004 nta scanners zabagaho ubu hari 18. Inkiko zose zifite amashanyarazi. Izitayafite ni 10 kandi na zo zikoresha generators. Inkiko nyinshi zaguriwe intebe n ibikoresho byo mu biro.

18 II.7. ITUMANAHO N IKORANABUHANGA (ICT) MU NKIKO Itumanaho n ikoranabuhanga ni imwe mu nzira Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwifashisha mu koroshya, kunoza, kwihutisha akazi ndetse no kwegereza ibikorwa by ubutabera ababukeneye. Mu myaka ine yakurikiye ivugurura ry ubucamanza, (kuva 2004 kugeza 2008) gahunda ya ICT mu nkiko yari igamije kubanza kubaka ubushobozi bw ibanze haba gushaka abakozi basobanukiwe n ibijyanye n ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho ndetse n ubumenyi mu bijyanye n ikoreshwa rya mudasobwa, haba mu bijyanye no gushyira imiyoboro y itumanaho n ibindi bikenerwa mu mikorere ya mudasobwa (software) mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga, mu Rukiko Rukuru no mu ngereko zarwo ndetse no mu Nkiko Zisumbuye. Mu mpera z umwaka wa 2008, ishami rishinzwe ikoranabuhanga mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga ryari rimaze gufata umurongo, hakorwa gahunda y ikoranabuhanga mu bucamanza. Muri uwo mwaka kandi ni ho umugambi w uko buri mukozi akwiye kuba afite mudasobwa wagezweho. Mu mwaka wa 2009 hatangijwe ibikorwa binini by ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rwo kugera ku ntego ubucamanza bwihaye yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu mirimo yose y inkiko. Muri urwo rwego hakozwe ibi bikurikira: Gushyira LAN (Local Area Network) mu Nkiko kuva ku Rukiko rw Ikirenga kugera mu Nkiko Zisumbuye zose uko ari 12. Ibyumba by iburanisha mu Nkiko z Ubucuruzi byashyizwemo Digital Courts Recording System ; Hubatswe sites za Video Conferencing System buri buri fasi y Urugereko rw Urukiko Rukuru, (izajya ifasha inkiko zose zo mu ifasi y urugereko), mu Rukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi no mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga; ubu yatangiye gukoreshwa. Haguzwe software yitwa Electronic Digitization Records Management System (EDRMS) yifashishwa mu kubika, mu gucunga no guhererekanya amadosiye ndetse no gukurikirana ibikorwa by inkiko hifashishijwe mudasobwa ku buryo bugezweho. Iyi software yashyizwe mu Nkiko 22 nk umushinga fatizo, ikaba yaratangiye kugeragezwa mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga, mu Rukiko Rukuru n Urukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi.

19 Muri Legal Information Portal, ni ukuvuga uburyo bw ikoranabuhanga mu guhuriza hamwe amakuru y Urwego rw Ubutabera hashyizwemo micro-portal y Urwego rw Ubucamanza irimo ishakiro ry imanza n amategeko byifashishwa n abacamanza mu bushakashatsi bakora. Inkiko 25 ubu zimaze guhuzwa n umuyoboro wa fibre optique utuma inkiko zishobora guhanahana amakuru ku buryo bworoshye kandi bwihuta; Hashyizweho umuyoboro abaturage bifashisha mu gutanga ibirego byabo mu buryo bw ikoranabuhanga (Electronic Filing System); Hashyizweho kandi urubuga abacamanza bashobora kunguraniraho ibitekerezo ku bibazo by amategeko (Blog of the Judiciary) Hashyizweho Public Information Kiosk mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga n Urukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi (aho abagana Inkiko bashobora kubona amakuru bakeneye ku bijyanye n imikorere yazo) Guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu nkiko ni gahunda izakomeza, akaba ariyo mpamvu hateguwe gahunda y ibikorwa kugeza muri 2015 (ICT Strategic Plan 2011-2015) III. GUTANGA UBUTABERA BWIHUSE KANDI BUNOZE Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa intego yo gutanga ubutabera bwihuse kandi bunoze, Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwafashe ingamba zinyuranye, zose zigamije kwihutisha no kunoza imikorere. Muri izo ngamba twavuga uburyo bwashyizweho bwo gukurikirana imirimo y inkiko binyujijwe muri raporo itangwa buri kwezi na buri rukiko yerekana ibikorwa byarwo, igenzura ry ibikorwa by inkiko rikorwa na serivisi y Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw Inkiko, gukorera ku ntego, ivugurura ry amwe mu mategeko yerekeranye n ubucamanza no kurwanya ibirarane. III.1. IMITERERE Y IMANZA MURI RUSANGE MU NKIKO ZOSE Muri rusange, muri iyi myaka umunani ishize, Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwakiriye ibirego 290.814, hacibwa 362.740, ubu hakaba hasigaye 33760 gusa nk uko bigaragara mu ishusho ikurikira.

20 Imanza zinjiye, izaciwe n izasigaye mu Nkiko zose Imanza zaciwe muri rusange ziruta izinjiye, ariko kuba zaraje zisanga izindi nyinshi mu nkiko, niyo mpamvu uko umwaka utashye hagenda hagira izisigara nk uko ishusho ikurikira ibyerekana. Imanza zagiye zisigara mu nkiko buri mwaka kuva 2005 kugeza mu mpera za Kamena 2011 Nk uko iyi mbonerahamwe ibigaragaza, umubare w imanza zisigaye mu nkiko wagiye ugabanuka buri mwaka kuva mu mwaka wa 2007. Ibi byaturutse ku ngamba zafashwe icyo gihe, zirimo: kwemera ko umucamanza umwe yaca urubanza kabone n iyo byaba mu bujurire,uretse mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga gushyiraho abacamanza bakorera kuri kontaro, ndetse no

21 guha ububasha ubuyobozi bw Urwego rw Ubucamanza bwo kwimura abacamanza babavana mu nkiko zo hasi bagashyirwa by igihe gito mu nkiko zisumbuyeho. Imanza zisigaye mu nkiko zose mu mpera za Kamena 2011 hakurikijwe igihe zinjiriye Umubare w imanza zisigaye mu Nkiko zinjiye mbere ya 2009, zisa mu by ukuri n izigiye kurangira inyinshi muri zo akaba ari izifite ibibazo byihariye ( gukorwamo iperereza etc...). Izinjiye muri 2010 na 2011 bigaragara ko arizo nyinshi, ziganje mu Nkiko nkuru : Urukiko rw Ikirenga n Urukiko Rukuru. III.2. IMITERERE Y IMANZA MURI BURI RUKIKO III.2.1. MU RUKIKO RW IKIRENGA Uko imanza zinjiye n uko zaciwe mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga mu 2003 na 2005 2010

22 Muri rusange nk uko iyi mbonerahamwe ibyerekana, umubare w imanza zicibwa wagiye wiyongera kuva mu mwaka wa 2003 kugeza 2010 ndetse akenshi ukaruta uw izinjiye. Icyakora nk uko bigaragara, mu mwaka wa 2010, imanza zinjira zatangiye kuba nyinshi cyane, ku buryo mu mwaka wa 2011, imibare yakusanyijwe kuva mu kwezi kwa mbere kugeza mu mpera za kamena igaragaza ko imanza zinjira ziyongereye bikabije. Imanza zinjiye n izaciwe mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga muri Mutarama - Kamena 2011 Muri aya mezi atandatu ashize, umubare w imanza zaciwe 758 (habariwemo n ibyemezo byafashwe mu ibanzirizasuzuma (490)) waruse uw izinjiye (=564). Nyamara, uru rukiko ruracyafite umubare munini w imanza zitegereje kuburanishwa nk uko imbonerahamwe ikurikira ibigaragaza. Imanza zisigaye mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga mu mpera za Kamena 2011 hakurikijwe ubwoko bwazo

23 Nk uko bigaragara kuri iyi shusho, mu manza ziri mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga, inyinshi ni iz inshinjabyaha kuko zihariye 78% by imanza zitegereje kuburanishwa. Zikurikirwa n imanza z Ubucuruzi. Ibi biterwa n uko muri ubu bwoko bw imanza hakiri nyinshi zitangirira mu Rukiko Rukuru no mu Rukiko rw Ubucuruzi, zigahita zijuririrwa mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga. Mu ngamba zatekerejweho mu gukemura iki kibazo harimo izi zikurikira: Gusubira mu itegeko rigenga Urukiko rw Ikirenga hagamije kugabanya ubwoko bw imanza urwo rukiko rushobora kwakira; Gusubira mu itegeko rigenga imiburanishirize y imanza ku buryo abanditsi bo mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga bagira ububasha bwo kuba bakemura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe; Gushyiraho itsinda ry abashakashatsi mu by amategeko bunganira abacamanza mu bushakashatsi bukenewe nk uko bikorwa mu zindi nkiko z Ikirenga. III.2.2. MU RUKIKO RUKURU Uko imanza zinjiye n uko zaciwe mu Rukiko Rukuru (n Ingereko zarwo) Nk'uko bigaragara muri iyi shusho, umubare w imanza zicibwa wakomeje kugenda wiyongera. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2008 wakomeje kuruta uw imanza zinjira. Uku kwiyongera kw imanza zicibwa ugereranyije n izinjira gushingiye ahanini ku ngamba zafashwe mu mpera z umwaka wa 2007. Izo ngamba ni izi zikurikira: Kwemera ko umucamanza umwe ashobora kuburanisha n iyo haba ari mu bujurire;

24 Gushyiraho abacamanza baburanisha imanza z ibirarane. Aba bacamanza baturuka mu Nkiko Zisumbuye bakaza gutera ingabo mu bitugu abo mu Rukiko Rukuru. Bo ubwabo basimburwa n abaturutse mu Nkiko z Ibanze, hanyuma aba nabo bagasimburwa muri izo nkiko n abahawe akazi hashingiwe ku masezerano y igihe gito. Imanza zinjiye n izaciwe mu rukiko rukuru muri Mutarama - Kamena 2011 Iyo ugereranyije umubare w imanza zaciwe n Urukiko Rukuru muri aya mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2011 (3887) n uw izaciwe n Inkiko z Ubujurire mu mwaka wose wa 2000 (zingana na 1012), nibwo ubona ko habayeho impinduka zikomeye mu mikorere y Inkiko. Nyamara, mu Nkiko z Ubujurire uko ari enye hari abacamanza 32 mu gihe ubu Urukiko Rukuru rufite abacamanza 26 gusa. Imanza zisigaye mu Rukiko Rukuru mu mpera za Kamena 2011 hakurikijwe ubwoko bwazo.

25 Nk uko iyi shusho ibyerekana, Urukiko Rukuru ruracyafite imanza nyinshi zitaraburanishwa ziganjemo imanza z inshijabyaha nk uko biri mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga. Ibi bishimangira ko hagikenewe gushakisha izindi ngamba zihamye zunganira izafashwe mbere zatanga igisubizo kirambye ku kibazo cy imanza zitinda kuburanishwa. Imanza zisigaye muri buri rugereko rw Urukiko Rukuru mu mpera za Kamena Nk uko kandi iyi shusho ibigaragara, imanza nyinshi zitaraburanishwa mu Rukiko Rukuru ziganje ku cyicaro cy Urukiko Rukuru kuko rwihariye rwihariye 37% by imanza zitegereje kuburanishwa. III.2.3. MU NKIKO ZISUMBUYE Uko imanza zinjiye n uko zaciwe mu Nkiko Zisumbuye muri 2003, 2005 2010

26 Nk uko iyi shusho ibyerekana, imanza zicibwa zariyongereye cyane nyuma y ivugurura ry ubucamanza ryo mu mwaka wa 2004. Ibigaragara nk igabanuka ry imanza zicibwa mu mwaka wa 2006 bituruka ku gihe inkiko zamaze zisa n izihagaritse gukora kubera ivugurura ry inzego z ubutegetsi bwa Leta ryagize ingaruka ku nkiko. Guhera mu mwaka wa 2007, n ubwo imanza zinjira mu nkiko na zo ziyongereye umubare, inkiko na zo zazicanye umwete. Umushinga ufasha kurwanya ibirarane mu byo wakoze, wafashije gusiba imanza nyinshi zari zarasaziye mu nkiko bene zo batazikurikirana, bituma umubare w izaciwe wiyongera mu mwaka wa 2008 na cyane cyane mu mwaka wa 2009. Umubare w izicibwa na none wariyongereye mu mwaka 2010, ariko kuko imanza zisibwa zari zagabanutse cyane bituma biboneka nk aho imanza zaciwe zagabanutse mu mwaka wa 2010 ugereranyijwe na 2009. Imanza zinjiye n izaciwe mu Nkiko Zisumbuye muri Mutarama Kamena 2011 Nk uko iyi shusho ibyerekana, umubare w imanza zicibwa wakomeje kuruta uw imanza zinjira muri rusange mu mezi atandatu ashize ya 2011. Kimwe no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Inkiko Zisumbuye nazo zateye intambwe ikomeye; iyo ugereranyije imanza zaciwe n izo nkiko muri aya mezi atandatu ashize (9962) n izaciwe n Inkiko za Mbere z Iremezo mu myaka ibiri (1999 na 2000) zingana na 9035 ubona ko izaciwe mu mezi atandandatu abanza y umwaka wa 2011 ziruta izaciwe n Inkiko za Mbere z Iremezo mu myaka ibiri yose. Aha twakwibutsa ko Inkiko za Mbere z Iremezo zari zifite abacamanza 186 mu gihe Inkiko Zisumbuye ubu zifite abacamanza 86 1 gusa. Ibi bivuze ko umucamanza yavuye ku manza 2 aca mu kwezi akaba ageze ku manza 17. Imanza zisigaye muri buri Rukiko Rwisumbuye mu mpera za Kamena 2011 1 Ubundi abacamanza b Inkiko Zisumbuye ni 99 ariko inkiko zimwe ntizari zifite umubare wuzuye

27 Nk uko iyo mbonerahamwe ibigaragaza, haracyari imanza mu nkiko zisumbuye n ubwo atari nyinshi. Umubare munini muri zo, ugaragara cyane mu nkiko zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane inkiko zo mu mijyi minini nka Nyarugenge, Gasabo na Rubavu kuko ubwazo zonyine uko ari eshatu zihariye umubare urenga 50% w imanza zitegereje kuburanishwa. Imwe mu miti ishoboka mu guhangana n iki kibazo, ni ukongera umubare w abacamanza muri izi nkiko bava mu nkiko bigaragara ko bagira imanza nke nka Nyagatare, Nyamagabe, gicumbi, Karongi na Rusizi. Ibyo bigakomeza kunganirwa na gahunda isanzwe y abacamanza baburanisha imanza z ibirarane. III.2.4. MU NKIKO Z IBANZE. Uko imanza zinjiye n uko zaciwe mu nkiko z Ibanze mu myaka ya 2003, 2005-2010

28 Umubare w imanza zaciwe waragabanyutse cyane mu mwaka wa 2006 kubera irindi vugurura ryakozwe icyo gihe, Inkiko zihindurirwa ifasi n amazina, izari Inkiko z Uturere n Imijyi zisimbuzwa Inkiko z Ibanze zasigaye ari 60 gusa aho kuba 143. Nyuma y iryo vugurura na none umubare w imanza zicibwa wakomeje kugenda wiyongera buri mwaka nk uko ishusho ibyerekana, ku buryo imanza zaciwe n abacamanza 120 mu mwaka wa 2010, zikubye hafi inshuro cumi (10) izaciwe n abacamanza 466 muri 2003. Ibi byerekana ko imikorere y inkiko yavuguruwe cyane ku buryo bugaragara, akaba ari ibyo kwishimira. Imanza zinjiye n izaciwe n Inkiko z Ibanze muri Mutarama Kamena 2011 Kuva Mutarama kugera mu mpera za Kamena 2011, inkiko z ibanze zinjije imanza 20.641. Muri zo, 3928 zatangiriye mu bunzi, naho 16713 ni izatangiriye mu Nkiko z Ibanze zitanyuze mu bunzi nk uko amategeko abiteganya. Ni ukuvuga ko imanza zinjira mu nkiko zitanyuze mu Bunzi zikiri nyinshi, kuko zigize 80,9% z imanza zose izo nkiko zakiye. Iyo ugereranyije imanza zinjiye (20.641) n izaciwe (16.128) muri rusange muri izi nkiko, usanga umubare w imanza zinjira uruta uw izicibwa ho imanza 4513. Ibi kandi ntibiterwa n uko abacamanza baba batakoze uko bikwiye, kuko muri aya mezi 6, muri rusange buri mucamanza yashoboye guca imanza 26 mu kwezi. Uwo ni umubare munini cyane, kuko ubusanzwe, intego yahawe buri mucamanza kandi yagaragaye nk iyashoboka igihe umucamanza atahuye n ibibazo cyangwa imiterere idasanzwe y urubanza, ari imanza 15 ku kwezi.

29 Imanza zasigaye mu Nkiko z Ibanze mu mpera za 2011 hakurikijwe ubwoko bwazo Nk uko iyi shusho ibyerekana kandi, imanza nyinshi ziri mu Nkiko z Ibanze zitegereje kuburanishwa ni iz imbonezamubano. Imwe mu miti ishoboka mu rwego rwo guhangana n uwo mubare w imanza muri izi nkiko, ni ukongera ububasha bwa komite z abunzi ku buryo zarushaho kwakira imanza nyinshi, ndetse ibibazo byinshi zikabikemura bitagombye kuza mu nkiko. Koko rero, bimaze kugaragara ko komite z Abunzi zishobora gukemura ibibazo byinshi muri uru rwego. Nko kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kamena 2011, abunzi bakemuye burundu ibibazo 5680 birangira bitiriwe bijyanwa mu nkiko. Uruhare rwa Komite z Abunzi mu gukemura ibibazo Isesengura ry imanza zaregewe TB kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kamena, izaregewe urukiko zitanyuze mu bunzi n izarangiriye mu bunzi, ryerekana ko imanza zabanje mu bunzi mbere yo kuregerwa inkiko ari 19% by izinjiye mu nkiko na ho izitarabanje mu bunzi zikaba ari 81%. Mu bibazo abunzi bashyikirijwe (9608), ibibazo 3928 nibyo byakomeje inzira y inkiko; ni ukuvuga ko 59% by ibibazo byose byakemukiye mu bunzi.

30 III.2.5. MU NKIKO Z UBUCURUZI Nk uko iyi shusho ibigaragaza, umubare w imanza zaciwe ku mwaka uruta uw izinjiye, ariko kandi imanza zinjira zagiye ziyongera uko imyaka itashye. Izaciwe zo ntiziyongereye cyane ndetse mu mwaka wa 2010 ho zaranagabanutse. Ibi byaturutse ahanini ku mahugurwa yabaye menshi uyu mwaka. Imanza zinjiye n izaciwe n Urukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi muri Mutarama Kamena 2011 Mu Rukiko Rukuru rw ubucuruzi imanza zaciwe ni 450 muri aya mezi atandatu ashize; Izinjiye ni 359. Umubare munini w imanza zinjiye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi ugizwe n imanza z amabanki hamwe n imanza z Ibigo by imari iciriritse kuko byombi byihariye 66% by imanza zose zinjiye mu Rukiko rw ubucuruzi.

31 N ubwo umubare w imanza zaciwe uyu mwaka wiyongereye, ikibazo cy imanza nyinshi muri uru rukiko kiracyari cyose nk uko ishusho ikurikira ibigaragaza. Imanza zisigaye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi muri Kamena 2011 Imanza zinjiye n izaciwe mu Nkiko z ubucuruzi muri Mutarama Kamena 2011 Mu Nkiko z Ubucuruzi, imanza zicibwa zikomeje kuruta imanza zinjira ku buryo, uretse mu Rukiko rw ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge, mu zindi nkiko,(huye na Musanze) imanza zicibwa uko zinjira. Zimwe mu ngamba zo korohereza Urukiko rw ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge ni ukubongerera umubare w abacamanza no koroshya inzira zatuma abacamanza bo mu Rukiko rumwe rw Ubucuruzi bashobora kuza gutera ingabo mu bitugu abandi, igihe bigaragara ko byakongera umusaruro aho bagiye bitabangamiye aho bavuye.

32 Imanza zisigaye mu Nkiko z ubucuruzi zose n igihe zinjiriye IV. INGAMBA ZIFASHISHIJWE MU KUBONEZA IMIKORERE Y INKIKO IV.1. KUGENZURA ISUBIKA RY IMANZA Imwe mu ngamba zafashwe kugira ngo intego yo gutanga ubutabera bwihuse kandi bunoze igerweho, ni ugukurikirana no kugenzura isubika ry imanza. Muri rusange inkiko zashishikarijwe kwirinda isubika ry imanza ridafite impamvu zigaragara, ndetse zibishyira mu mihigo yazo. Ubu impamvu z isubikwa ry imanza zikorerwa raporo yihariye buri kwezi mu nkiko zose, zigakorerwa isesengura n urwego rw Ubugenzuzi bw Inkiko kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba nshya hakurikijwe ibibazo byagaragaye. Byagaragaye ko impamvu z isubika zituruka ahanini ku baburanyi (ubwabo cyagwa ababunganira mu by amategeko), ku miterere y urubanza ubwarwo n amategeko yerekeye iburanisha, ndetse no ku miyoborere y urukiko. Impamvu zishingiye ku baburanyi ubwabo ari na zo nyinshi akenshi ziterwa n ihamagarwa ryatanzwe nabi, bigatuma bamwe mu baburanyi bafite inyungu mu gutinda k urubanza babona aho bahera mu gusaba ko rusubikwa. Akenshi mu bihe nk ibyo urukiko ntirubona uko rwanga isubikwa kuko ruba rugomba kubungabunga uburenganzira bwo kwiregura buri muburanyi ahabwa n Itegeko Nshinga.

33 Zimwe mu ngamba zafashwe kuri iki kibazo kandi zigikomeza, ni uguhugura abahesha b inkiko cyane cyane abayobozi b inzego z ibanze ku buryo bwo gutanga impapuro zihamagara ababuranyi; imishyikirano n abavoka cyangwa Ubushinjacyaha; kugabanya bifatika impamvu zemerera abavoka n abashinjacyaha gusubikisha imanza, n ibindi. Imbonerahamwe zikurikira zirerekana uko ikibazo cy isubika gihagaze kuva mu 2008 kugeza mu mpera za Kamena 2011. Isubika ry imanza z inshinjabyaha muri 2008 - Kamena 2011 Isubika ry'imanza mbonezamubano muri 2008 Kamena 2011

34 IV.2. GUHA UMWIHARIKO IMANZA Z IBYAHA BIGIRA INGARUKA ZIHARIYE KU MURYANGO NYARWANDA Mu rwego rwo gushakira umuti ibibazo by imanza z ibyaha bigira ingaruka zihariye ku muryango nyarwanda, izo manza zahawe ubwihutirwe bwihariye ku buryo zidatinda mu nkiko. Imibare y imanza zinjiye n uko zaciwe muri uru rwego igaragara mu mashusho akurikira: IV.2.1. Imanza ku byaha by ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n ibyaha biyishamikiyeho Imanza ku byaha by ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside n ibindi byaha biyishamikiyeho (2007- Kamena 2011) N ubwo hakiri imanza z ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, iz ivangura n amacakubiri n iz ibyaha by ihohotera rikorerwa abacitse ku icumu n abatangabuhamya b Inkiko Gacaca zikiboneka mu nkiko, icyo umuntu yakwishimira nibura ni uburyo izo manza zigenda zigabanuka.

35 IV.2.2. IMANZA KU BYAHA BIBANGAMIRA UBUKUNGU BW IGIHUGU Ibyaha bibangamira ubukungu bw igihugu Kubera imbaraga zashyizwe mu gukurikirana abakoze bene ibyo byaha, byatumye umubare w imanza zinjira wiyongera mu mwaka wa 2010. Ingamba zo gutahura no gukurikirana ibi byaha zagiye zirushaho kunozwa. Ni na cyo gituma umubare wazo ugenda wiyongera. Gushyiraho umwete mu kuziburanisha, ariko byatumye bigabanuka mu mwaka wa 2010 na 2011 ugereranyije n umwaka wa 2009. Turizera ko n abakora ibi byaha bazakomeza kwikanga imbaraga zihari zo kubikurikirana maze bakagenda bagabanuka. IV.2.3. Imanza ku byaha byo gusambanya abari n abategarugori ku ngufu n iby ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo Imanza ku byaha byo gusambnya abana n'abagore ku ngufu Nk uko iyi shusho ibigaragaza, izi manza na zo zaragabanutse kuva mu mwaka wa 2010 kubera imbaraga zashyizwe mu gukurikirana abakora bene ibyo byaha no kuziburanisha vuba, n ubwo bitaragera ku kigero gishimishije.

36 IV.3. GUKEMURA IKIBAZO CY IMANZA Z IBIRARANE Mu rwego rwo gushakira umuti ikibazo cy ibirarane by imanza, imanza zose za mbere ya 2007 zarabaruwe zishyirwa mu rwego rw ibirarane maze zihabwa abacamanza bihariye. Perezida w Urukiko rw Ikirenga yahawe ububasha bwo gushyiraho abacamanza n abanditsi b inkiko bakora ku buryo bw amasezerano kugira ngo bunganire abacamanza b umwuga n abanditsi b inkiko mu mirimo yabo ya buri munsi. Hashyizweho abacamanza 42 n abanditsi 42 bakora ku buryo bw amasezerano mu Nkiko z Ibanze, abacamanza 33 n abanditsi 33 b Inkiko z Ibanze bashyirwaho by igihe gito mu Nkiko Zisumbuye zifite ibirarane, na ho abacamanza 9 n abanditsi 9 bo mu Nkiko Zisumbuye bashyirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru n ingereko zarwo. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza 2011 abakozi bashyizweho muri ubwo buryo bamaze guca imanza zitari nke nk uko iyi shusho ibyerekana. Imanza zaciwe n abacamanza baburanisha ibirarane Gahunda yo kurwanya ibirarane itangira mu mwaka wa 2008, habarurwaga imanza z ibirarane guhera ku zinjiye mu Nkiko 2007 gusubira inyuma zigera kuri 54.493. Izo manza zaciwe n abacamanza basanzwe n abakora ku buryo bw amasezerano (biswe abacamanza b ibirarane). Mu mpera z umwaka wa 2010, ku manza 54493 zari zabaruwe, hari hasigaye imanza 601 gusa. Umugambi wo kurwanya ibirarane ntugarukira ku manza zabaruwe icyo gihe gusa, ahubwo inkiko zirangije izabaruwe icyo gihe, zitangira no kuburanisha izindi zabaye ibirarane byavutse nyuma y izari zabaruwe muri 2007. Ni muri ubwo buryo guhera Mutarama kugeza Kamena 2011 abacamanza bakorera kuri kontaro baciye imanza 4713.

37 IV.4. KUGENZURA UBUDAKEMWA BW IBYEMEZO BY INKIKO N ubwo muri iyi myaka yose ishize hashyizwe ingufu nyinshi ku mubare w imanza zicibwa, ubuyobozi bw Urwego rw Ubucamanza ntibwirengagije ko imanza zigomba gucibwa neza. Hashyizweho uburyo bwo kugenzura imanza zicibwa rwifashishije Ubugenzuzi bw Inkiko. Muri rusange ubudakemwa bw imanza zicibwa bugenzurirwa mu bibazo byashyikirijwe Ubugenzuzi bw Inkiko bizanywe n abaturage; bugenzurirwa kandi ku magenzura yateguwe asuzuma imanza z igihe runaka, mu rukiko runaka ku bacamanza barwo bose. Imanza zagenzuwe zirasesengurwa, raporo yazo ikagibwaho impaka mu nama z abacamanza kugira ngo bashobore kumenya no kwirinda amakosa aba yazigaragayemo. Ubudakemwa bw imanza kandi bushobora kureberwa ku kigereranyo cy umubare w imanza zihindurwa mu bujurire nk uko bigaragazwa muri iyi shusho: Uko imanza zaciwe mu bujurire zahinduye ibyemezo by inkiko zo hasi Iyi shusho irerekana imanza zaciwe mu nkiko z ubujurire n uko zahinduye ibyemezo by inkiko zohasi kuva muri Mutarama kugeza mu mpera za Kamena 2011. Nk uko bigaragara umubare w abaturage banyurwa batagombye kujurira niwo munini. Ku manza zijuririrwa na zo, iziguma uko zaciwe nizo nyinshi.

38 IV.5. GUHANA ABATATIYE AMAHAME AGENGA UMWUGA W UBUCAMANZA Nk uko twabisobanuye haruguru, Urwego rw Ubucamanza ntirushobora kugera ku ntego abakozi barwo badafite discipline ihamye. Iyubahirizwa ry amahame agenga umwuga w ubucamanza riragenzurwa cyane kandi abo bigaragaye ko bananiwe kuyitwararika bagahanwa hakurikijwe uburemere bw amakosa bakoze.by umwihariko, hashyizwe imbere gahunda yo kurwanya ruswa. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana imibare y abahanwe kuva mu mwaka wa 2005. Abahanwe n Inama Nkuru y Ubucamanza guhera 2005 kugeza Kamena 2011 Igihano 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Igiteranyo Juges Gref Juges Gref Juges Gref Juges Gref Juges Gref Juges Gref Juges Gref Juges Kwirukanwa burundu 1 1 1 3 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 31 Gukatwa igice 1 2 1 2 6 cy umushahara Kwihanangiri-zwa 2 2 Kugawa 1 1 1 1 1 5 Kuvanwa ku 1 1 mwanya w ubuyobozi bw urukiko Guhagarikwa ku 1 1 mirimo by igihe gito kandi ntagihemberwe IGITERANYO 2 2 4 2 6 5 4 2 3 2 2 1 46 4 6 11 6 5 3 8 IV.6. GUKORERA KU NTEGO Inkiko zemeranyijwe ku mubare w imanza buri mucamanza ashobora guca atabangamiye ubudakemwa bwazo. Uwo mubare ni imanza nibura 15. Uwo mubare si itegeko ariko ni ikigereranyo fatizo cy imanza umucamanza utahuye n ibindi bibazo cyangwa se utahawe imanza zidasanzwe yakabaye ashobora guca. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza ko uwo mubare ugerwaho muri rusange nta kibazo.

39 Impuzandengo y imanza zaciwe na buri mucamanza mu kwezi muri buri rukiko URUKIKO 2009 2010 2011 HC 25 23 24 HCC 6 8 13 TGI 29 20 17 TC 17 13,6 11 TB 28 25 22 Raporo za buri kwezi, iz igihembwe, inama z abayobozi b inkiko za buri gihembwe ndetse n igenzura rikorwa n Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw Inkiko, bifasha gukurikirana uburyo buri rukiko rwageze ku ntego no gufata ingamba za ngombwa hakiri kare. IV.7. KUGENZURA MURI RUSANGE IBIKORWA BY INKIKO Ivugurura ry imikorere y Inkiko ryatumye n imikurikiranire y uburyo zikora ivugururwa. Ku gikorwa cyari gisanzwe cyo gukurikiranira hafi imyitwarire y abakozi hiyongereyeho igikorwa gihoraho cyo kugenzura imikorere y Inkiko n iy ubudakemwa bw Ibyemezo zifata. Kuva kandi ivugurura ritangiye, Ubugenzuzi bw Inkiko bwagize uruhare rugaragara mu mikorere iboneye y Inkiko. Kugeza ubu Inkiko zose zagenzuriwe imikorere. Urwego rw Ubugenzuzi bw Inkiko rwakira kandi rukanashakira ibisubizo ibibazo bitandukanye by abaturage benshi baba batishimiye servisi bahabwa n inkiko. Abaturage bagenewe iminsi bakirirwaho mu kwezi, bagahabwa ibisubizo bikwiye ku bibazo binyuranye bafitanye n inkiko. IV.8. KUNOZA IMIKORANIRE N IZINDI NZEGO Kugira ngo rushobore kugera ku ntego zarwo, cyane cyane iyo gutanga ubutabera bwihuse kandi bunoze, Urwego rw Ubucamanza rukorana n izindi nzego. Muri urwo rwego, hari

40 ibikorwa binyuranye rufatanya n izindi nzego, by umwihariko izigize Urwego rw Ubutabera/Justice Sector (JRLOS). Urwego rw Ubucamanza kandi rwihatiye gukorana n inzego z ubucamanza bw ibindi bihugu. Ni muri urwo rwego hasinywe amasezerano y ubufatanye n inzego zikuriye ubucamanza za bimwe mu bihugu duturanye, hakabaho no kwinjira mu miryango inyuranye ihuza inzego z ubucamanza (z ibihugu nk umuryango uhuza inzego z ubucamanza z ibihugu bigize EAC na Commonwealth). V. INZITIZI URWEGO RW UBUCAMANZA RUHURA NA ZO N INGAMBA ZO KUZIKEMURA Inzitizi Urwego rw Ubucamanza rwahuye nazo guhera 2004 kugeza ubu n ingamba zinyuranye zazifatiwe, rwagiye ruzigaragaza muri raporo yarwo ya buri mwaka. Ingamba nyinshi zashyizwe mu bikorwa, ariko haracyari inzitizi zigikeneye kwitabwaho. Muri zo twagaruka by umwihariko ku kibazo cy ubwinshi bw imanza zinjira mu nkiko. Ubwinshi bw imanza zinjira ni imbogamizi ku ntego yo gutanga ubutabera bwihuse kandi bunoze. Icyo kibazo kiremereye cyane inkiko nkuru (Urukiko rw Ikirenga, Urukiko Rukuru n Urukiko Rukuru rw Ubucuruzi). Mu ngamba zatekerejweho zo gukumira iki kibazo, twavuga: 1. Kuvugurura ububasha bw inkiko ku buryo bumwe mu bubasha bwahabwaga inkiko nkuru buzagenda buhabwa izizigwa mu ntege, kuva ku Rukiko rw Ikirenga kugeza mu Nkiko z Ibanze. Iki gitekerezo kiri mu mushinga w itegeko wamaze kwemerwa n inama y abaminisitiri; 2. Gushyiraho Urukiko rw Ubujurire(Court of Appeal) rukajya hagati y Urukiko rw Ikirenga n Urukiko Rukuru, bityo imanza nyinshi zari zimaze kuzurana mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga akaba ariho zoherezwa, ndetse n imanza nyinshi mu zarangiriraga mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga akaba ariho zizajya zirangirira; 3. Gushyiraho inkiko zihariye ziburanisha ibyaha bibangamira ubukungu bw igihugu kugira ngo imanza zijyanye nabyo zihabwe umwihariko kandi ubwihutirwe bwazo bureke kubangamira izindi manza ziri mu nkiko 4. Kwihutisha umushinga wo gushyiraho Tax tribunal n urugereko ruburanisha imanza z imisoro mu Rukiko Rukuru rw ubucuruzi kugira ngo imanza z ubucuruzi zicibwe bidatinze

41 5. Gushyiraho urwego rushinzwe guteza imbere umuco w ubukemurampaka n amakimbirane binyuze mu nzira z ubwumvikane (Alternative Disputes Resolution) 6. Kongerera urwego rw abunzi ububasha bushingiye ku ifasi ku buryo rushobora kuburanisha n abantu badaturuka mu Kagari kamwe nk uko bimeze ubu 7. Guha ingufu n ubushobozi bukwiye urwego ruhuza, rukagenzura ibikorwa by abunzi kandi rukanabahugura 8. Guha ingufu n ubushobozi bukwiye Urwego rw Ubugenzuzi bw Umurimo ku buryo bwakemura byinshi mu bibazo by umurimo bitabaye ngombwa ko bijya mu nkiko 9. Gushyira ingufu mu gukemura impaka biciye mu bwumvikane ku manza Leta iregwamo igihe bigaragara ko ariyo iri mu makosa, bityo bikagabanya umubare w imanza z ubutegetsi mu nkiko 10. Kurushaho gukoresha inzira y ibihano by amafaranga (amende transactionelle) mu manza z inshinjabyaha igihe bishoboka kugirango umubare w izo manza ugabanuke mu nkiko. Nk uko bigaragara, izi ngamba zose zisaba ubufatanye n izindi nzego akaba ariyo mpamvu zihamagariwe kumva uburemere bw iki kibazo, gusuzumana ubushishozi ingamba zigaragajwe no kuzikosora no kuzuzuza aho bikenewe hagamijwe kubona umuti urambye w ikibazo cy ubwinshi bw imanza. UMWANZURO Iyi raporo igaragaza ibyakozwe n Urwego n Ubucamanza muri iyi myaka umunani ishize kuva ivugurura ryarwo ritangiye. N ubwo hari byinshi byagezweho, mu rwego rwo gukora ibishoboka byose byatuma intego yo guha Abanyarwanda n Abaturarwanda ubutabera bunoze igerweho, hari ibikeneye gukomeza kwitabwaho. Muri byo twavuga: Gukomeza imishyikirano n inzego bireba kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba zihamye zo gukumira ubwinshi bw imanza mu nkiko; Gukomeza gushimangira ikoranabuhanga mu mirimo y Inkiko; Gushyira mu nkiko zose abanditsi bize iby amategeko no kubazamurira intera kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu kwihutisha no kunoza itangwa rya servisi mu nkiko;

42 Guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya precedents mu manza no gushyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo gushyira ku rubuga rwa internet imanza zaciwe no kuzisesengura mu buryo bwa gihanga, kugira ngo zifashishwe mu guca imanza nyinshi kandi zinoze; Gukomeza ingamba zo kugenzura ubudakemwa bw imanza, guhugura abagaragayeho intege nke no gusezerera abagaragayeho ubuswa bukabije; Gukomeza amahugurwa y abacamanza agamije kubacengezamo amahame agenga uwo mwuga n imyitwarire nyakuri ikwiye kubaranga; Gukomeza ubuvugizi no kurushaho kunoza ingamba zatuma abakozi b Urwego rw Ubucamanza barushaho kwishimira umwuga wabo, kuwukunda no guharanira ishema ryawo.