Delays decreased in May 2012, with airline delay data for all-causes showing an average delay per delayed flight of 25 minutes, which is a decrease of 3.5% in comparison to the delays observed in May 2011.
FOREWORD This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines. The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex 1. Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time. This report discusses delays from all-causes; for information regarding ATFCM delays see the complementary reports available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting Table of Contents 1. Headlines and Overview...3 2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary... 6 3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary...10 4. Summary of Significant Events in May 2012... 12 A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators... 13 B. Busiest Airport pairs...14 C. All-causes departure delay by hour...15 D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports... 16 E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations...17 F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)... 18 G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)... 20 H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation...22 I. May 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region....23 2012 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. It may be copied in whole or in part provided that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and to the extent justified by the non-commercial use (not for sale). The information in this document may not be modified without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL. The use of this document is at the user s sole risk and responsibility. EUROCONTROL expressly disclaims any and all warranties with respect to any content within the document, express or implied. Central Office for Delay Analysis EUROCONTROL 96 Rue de la Fusée B - 1130 Brussels The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91 Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04 E-Mail : coda@eurocontrol.int Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda Date of publication of this issue: 10/07/2012 EUROCONTROL 2 CODA
1. Headlines and Overview. May 2012 saw a decrease in all-causes of delay compared to May 2011. Airport related delays were seen particularly at Istanbul Ataturk as a result of cross wind, heavy rain and increase in traffic. ATFM en-route delays decreased despite industrial actions in Portugal on 11th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th May with Lisbon seeing an increase in delays on these days. Weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in Heathrow, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Paris airports. The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) for departure traffic from all-causes of delay was 25 minutes, this was an decrease of 4%. The percentage of flights delayed (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 2 percentage points to 33% in comparison to May 2011. The percentage of flights delayed by more than 15 minutes on departure decreased by 1 percentage point to 14%. The average delay per delayed flight for arrival traffic from all-causes of delay was 26 minutes, this was a decrease of 2%. The percentage of flights delayed on arrival (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 2 percentage points to 33% in comparison to May 2011. Figure 1. Average Delay per Delayed Departure and Percentage of Delayed Departures Comparison Figure 2. Average Delay per Delayed Arrival and Percentage of Delayed Arrivals Comparison EUROCONTROL 3 CODA
Analysis of the delay causes contributing to the May 2012 Average Delay per Flight of 8.3 minutes (Figure 3) shows an decrease in the contribution of reactionary delay, from 4.0 to 3.5 minutes per flight and a resultant 45% share of the total delay minutes for the month. ATFM enroute related delays decreased to 0.3 minutes per flight from 0.7 minutes in May 2011. Figure 3. Primary delay causes, May 2011 vs. May 2012 Figure 4. Primary delay causes, May 2012 EUROCONTROL 4 CODA
Figure 5. ATFM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay. Looking further into the history of the ATFM proportion of primary delay (Figure 5), the en-route percentage share of the total primary delay minutes was 7.7% which was the lowest share noted since May 2008. EUROCONTROL 5 CODA
2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary 1 The average delay per flight from all-causes of delay decreased compared to May 2011 by 9% to 8.3 minutes per flight (Figure 6). In May 2012, 45% of flights departed within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time. Flights departing >5 minutes ahead of schedule increased by 1 point to 22% (Figure 7). Figure 6. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures Figure 7. All-Causes Departure Punctuality 2011 vs. 2012 1 A flight is considered delayed as from 5 minutes. The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes. EUROCONTROL 6 CODA
Figure 8. Primary and reactionary all-cause delay, by IATA code (%) When analysing the average delay per flight and share of delay minutes for all causes grouped by IATA codes (Figure 8) the following can be observed: Reactionary delay saw a decrease in its contribution to the average delay per flight from 4.0 to 3.5 minutes. Technical and Aircraft Equipment saw a reduction its share of delay minutes, Restrictions at Departure Airport showed an increase of 0.4 minutes per flight and an increase in its share of total delay minutes. Of note is that the ATFM En-Route Demand/Capacity delay was halved to 0.3 minutes. The link from these categories to IATA codes is summarised in Figure 16. EUROCONTROL 7 CODA
Figure 9. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports May 2012 Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code Average Delay per Departure (mins) Average Delay Per Flight Percentage Change (vs. May 2011) Average Delay per Delayed Departure Percentage Delayed Departures 1 LISBOA LPPT 20.5 70% 39.4 52.0% 2 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 17.2 274% 29.2 59.0% 3 ANTALYA LTAI 15.3 28% 29.6 51.8% 4 MANCHESTER EGCC 12.1-8% 29.4 41.2% 5 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 11.3-18% 25.8 43.7% 6 ALICANTE LEAL 10.9-18% 25.4 43.0% 7 PARIS CH DE GAULLE LFPG 10.5 19% 24.0 43.7% 8 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 10.3 8% 26.2 39.4% 9 MALAGA LEMG 10.2-17% 27.2 37.3% 10 ANKARA-ESENBOGA LTAC 10.1 207% 34.9 29.0% 11 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 9.9 43% 26.6 37.1% 12 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 9.7-50% 23.1 41.9% 13 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 9.5-1% 20.7 46.0% 14 NICE LFMN 9.4 2% 26.2 35.8% 15 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 9.4-11% 21.6 43.4% 16 ZURICH LSZH 9.1 14% 18.8 48.6% 17 VENEZIA TESSERA LIPZ 8.9-10% 23.3 38.1% 18 GLASGOW EGPF 8.9-11% 30.2 29.3% 19 PALMA DE MALLORCA LEPA 8.4-31% 24.2 34.8% 20 LONDON/CITY EGLC 8.3 3% 24.3 34.2% Figure 10. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports Lisbon Airport noted the highest average departure delay per flight following industrial action in Portugal on 11th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th May. Airport delays continued at Istanbul-Ataturk particularly on the 28th May, there was also a strike by airline personnel on the 29th May affecting Turkish Airlines operations at the airport. Flights departing Antalya experienced reactionary delays following arrival restrictions. EUROCONTROL 8 CODA
Figure 11. All-Causes delay situation for the 20 most affected airport pairs May 2012 Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Average Delay Per Departure % Change Since Previous Period (vs. May 2011) Average Delay Per Delayed Departure Percentage Delayed Departures 1 LONDON/HEATHROW LISBOA 24.7 125% 44.1 55.9% 2 LISBOA LONDON/HEATHROW 24.6 160% 42.2 58.3% 3 PORTO LISBOA 22.6 572% 51.4 44.0% 4 LISBOA PORTO 22.1 142% 42.8 51.7% 5 BARCELONA LISBOA 21.6 86% 45.3 47.6% 6 ANTALYA ISTANBUL-ATATURK 21.0 216% 34.9 60.1% 7 AEROPORTO DA MADEIRA LISBOA 20.8 116% 52.9 39.4% 8 MALAGA LONDON/GATWICK 20.1 46% 33.9 59.3% 9 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANKARA-ESENBOGA 19.4 559% 28.5 68.1% 10 LISBOA AEROPORTO DA MADEIRA 19.3 93% 40.7 47.5% 11 LISBOA MADRID BARAJAS 18.6 0% 41.7 44.5% 12 ANKARA-ESENBOGA ISTANBUL-ATATURK 18.1 856% 39.5 46.0% 13 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANTALYA 17.0 190% 28.9 58.7% 14 ISTANBUL-ATATURK IZMIR-ADNAN- MENDERES 15.9 214% 28.3 56.2% 15 LONDON/HEATHROW MADRID BARAJAS 15.7-38% 24.1 65.0% 16 IZMIR-ADNAN- MENDERES ISTANBUL-ATATURK 15.4 263% 32.9 46.8% 17 MADRID BARAJAS LISBOA 15.1-13% 34.0 44.3% 18 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ADANA-SAKIRPASA 13.6 336% 25.8 52.7% 19 TENERIFE NORTE MADRID BARAJAS 12.8-50% 28.1 45.5% 20 LONDON/GATWICK MALAGA 12.6 38% 26.4 47.6% An analysis of the Top 20 Most-Affected Airport Pairs shows that flights from and to Lisbon experienced high delays following industrial action in Portugal. The delay situation affecting Turkish airports can also be observed particularly on domestic city pairs, with Istanbul Ataturk departures being affected. EUROCONTROL 9 CODA
3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary 2 The average delay per flight on arrival from all-causes decreased by 7.5% to 8.6 minutes per flight, see Figure 12. Regarding arrival punctuality, 27% of flights arrived on time (less than 5 minutes before or after the scheduled arrival time). The percentage of flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule was 10%. Figure 12. Average delay per flight (all-causes) for Arrivals Figure 13. All-Causes arrival punctuality 2011 vs. 2012 2 The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes. EUROCONTROL 10 CODA
Figure 14. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports May 2012 Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code Average Delay per Arrival (mins) Average Delay per Flight Percentage Change (vs. May 2011) Average Delay per Delayed Arrival Percentage Delayed Arrivals 1 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 24.0 145% 35.0 68.5% 2 LISBOA LPPT 23.4 105% 44.9 52.1% 3 ANTALYA LTAI 16.0 28% 26.3 60.9% 4 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 13.0-46% 27.5 47.1% 5 MANCHESTER EGCC 12.6-18% 35.6 35.3% 6 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 11.9 7% 36.9 32.2% 7 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 11.1 43% 38.3 28.9% 8 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 10.6-2% 27.5 38.8% 9 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 9.8-17% 32.3 30.4% 10 LAS PALMAS GCLP 9.6-18% 27.8 34.7% 11 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 9.4-5% 27.9 33.7% 12 PARIS CH DE GAULLE LFPG 8.7 19% 27.5 31.4% 13 GLASGOW EGPF 8.6-25% 28.2 30.5% 14 MALAGA LEMG 8.5-8% 25.5 33.4% 15 DUBLIN EIDW 8.4-23% 28.3 29.7% 16 ALICANTE LEAL 8.4-33% 24.8 33.7% 17 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 7.8-16% 29.2 26.8% 18 NICE LFMN 7.7 2% 23.1 33.4% 19 SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM EHAM 7.7 8% 31.9 24.1% 20 DUESSELDORF EDDL 7.5 2% 20.6 36.2% Figure 15. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports When analysing the Top 20 affected arrival airports; Istanbul saw a 24 minutes average delay per flight, with a high share of reactionary delay being observed. Lisbon saw delays following the industrial action. Antalya experienced arrival delays as a result of arrival restrictions at the airport particularly on the 12 th of the month. EUROCONTROL 11 CODA
Figure 16. Link between CODA Causes and IATA delay codes. Primary Delay Causes CODA CAUSE Airline Airport Description IATA Code Passenger and Baggage 11 19 Cargo and Mail 21 29 Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 39 Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 49 Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 58 Flight Operations and Crewing 61 69 Other Airline Related Causes Others ATFM due to Restriction at Departure Airport 83 Airport Facilities 87 Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88 Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89 ATFM due to ATC En Route Demand / Capacity 81 En Route ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En Route 82 Governmental Security and Immigration 85 86 Weather (other than ATFM) 71 79 Weather ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98 99 Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91 96 4. Summary of Significant Events in May 2012. Weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in Heathrow, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Paris airports. Airport delays continued at Istanbul-Ataturk, there was also a strike by airline personnel on the 29th May affecting Turkish Airlines operations at the airport. Munich Airport: Zero rate due to disabled aircraft off runway 17th May. Industrial actions in Portugal on 11th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25 th May. 3 rd May Danish airline Cimber Sterling ceased operations. Champions League Final Munich 19 th May EUROCONTROL 12 CODA
A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all-causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 66% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in May 2012. Figure 17. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right) Figure 18. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right) Figure 19. Percentage of flights delayed > 15mins for all-causes (departures left, arrivals right) EUROCONTROL 13 CODA
B. Busiest Airport pairs Figure 20. Busiest airport pairs for flights in May 2012 Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Flights/Day MAY12 Change since MAY11 (%) 1 MADRID BARAJAS BARCELONA 72.0-13% 2 ISTANBUL-ATATURK IZMIR-ADNAN- MENDERES 60.7 9% 3 ROME FIUMICINO MILANO LINATE 56.0 4% 4 TOULOUSE BLAGNAC PARIS ORLY 54.1-3% 5 TRONDHEIM/VAERNES OSLO/GARDERMOEN 52.4 3% 6 BERGEN/FLESLAND OSLO/GARDERMOEN 51.4-4% 7 NICE PARIS ORLY 49.1 0% 8 STAVANGER/SOLA OSLO/GARDERMOEN 47.9 8% 9 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANTALYA 47.5 16% 10 PALMA DE MALLORCA BARCELONA 43.0-14% 11 LAS PALMAS TENERIFE NORTE 42.5-11% 12 MAKEDONIA ATHINAI E. VENIZELOS 40.3 6% 13 FRANKFURT MAIN TEGEL-BERLIN 40.2-1% 14 MUENCHEN 2 TEGEL-BERLIN 40.0-2% 15 DUESSELDORF MUENCHEN 2 39.7-6% 16 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANKARA-ESENBOGA 39.6 6% 17 HAMBURG MUENCHEN 2 38.9-2% 18 GUERNSEY JERSEY 38.3-15% 19 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 38.1 10% 20 FRANKFURT MAIN LONDON/HEATHROW 37.5 4% In May 2012 there were 3.2% fewer flights in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA) than in May 2011. Madrid to Barcelona remains the busiest airport pairing in May, however flights between these cities fell by 13%, this trend is also notable on the Palma to Barcelona sectors (-14%) following the demise of Spanair. In a continuation of the trend seen in 2011, flights in the Turkish domestic market continue to increase. Flights between Istanbul, Izmir and Antalya saw increases in flights of 9% and 16% respectively. EUROCONTROL 14 CODA
C. All-causes departure delay by hour This annex summarises the all-cause delay by hour of the day and major causes. Figure 21. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day May 2012. Figure 22. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day May 2011. EUROCONTROL 15 CODA
D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports For airports with an average of more than 70 departures a day, this annex summarises the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) on departure and percentage of flights delayed (PDF) on departure in the month. Figure 23. ADD vs. PDF May 2012 (2012 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled) Figure 24. ADD vs. PDF May 2011 (2011 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled) EUROCONTROL 16 CODA
E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations Delay Parameter Abbreviations TTF TRF TDF PRF PDF TDM ADM ADR ADD Total Flights Total Regulated Flights Total Delayed Flights Percentage of Regulated Flights Percentage of Delayed Flights Total Delay in Minutes Average Delay per Movement Average Delay per Regulated Flight Average Delay per Delayed Flight Glossary of Terms ACC AEA AHM ATFM ATFCM ATS CODA DNM NMOC ECAC FDPS FMP IACA IATA Area Control Centre Association of European Airlines Airport Handling Manual Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes) Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function) Air Traffic Services Central Office for Delay Analysis Directorate Network Management NM Operations Centre (Network Manager) European Civil Aviation Conference Flight Data Processing System Flow Management Position International Air Carrier Association International Air Transport Association EUROCONTROL 17 CODA
F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730) Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility. Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only) Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest, etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS. Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing, collision during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage, contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM EUROCONTROL 18 CODA
Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or entire crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS ATFM + AIRPORT + GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area 83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION AIRPORT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather 3, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above SOURCE: IATA Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731) 3 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO) EUROCONTROL 19 CODA
G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731) 73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS 81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEINGS Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW R OTHER 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. Z LACK OF PARKING STANDS Y RAMP CONGESTION X LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER L GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE K NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION J BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM H LATE OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather. Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U ATC DUE TO DE-ICING T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K START-UP/PUSHBACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER EUROCONTROL 20 CODA
93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS EUROCONTROL 21 CODA
H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation Reason for Regulation ATC capacity ATC Ind action CORRELATION BETWEEN IATA DELAY CODES AND THE CFMU REASONS FOR REGULATION CFMU IATA CODE Regulation Location Example CODE Delay Cause C D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE C E Demand exceeds the capacity 81 ATFM due to ATC ENROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY C A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT I D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE I E Controller's strike 82 ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT ENROUTE I A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT ATC Routeings R E Phasing in of new procedures 81 ATFM due to ATC ENROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY S D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE ATC Staffing ATC equipment Accident / Incident S E Illness, traffic delays on the highway 82 ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT ENROUTE S A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT T D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE T E Radar failure, RTF failure 82 ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT ENROUTE T A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT A D RWY23 closed due to accident 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE A A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT Aerodrome capacity G D Lack of parking; taxiway closure; areas closed for maintenance; 87 AIRPORT FACILITIES G A demand exceeds the declared airport capacity 87 AIRPORT FACILITIES De-Icing D D De-icing 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE Equipment non-atc E D Runway or taxiway lighting failure 87 AIRPORT FACILITIES E A 87 AIRPORT FACILITIES Ind Action non-atc N D Firemen's strike 98 INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE N A 98 INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE M D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE Military activity M E Brilliant Invader; ODAX 82 ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT ENROUTE M A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT Special Event P D European football cup; Heads of Government meetings 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE P A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT W D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE Weather W E Thunderstorm; low visibility; X winds 73 WEATHER EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE W A 84 ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION Environmental issues V D Noise 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE V A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT O D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE Other O E Security alert 81 ATFM due to ATC ENROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY O A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT EUROCONTROL 22 CODA
I. May 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region. EUROCONTROL 23 CODA