EASA NPA FTL Nyheter i EASA NPA om Flygarbetstid (FTL) www.easa.europa.eu 1
Definitions Acclimatised A crew member is considered to be acclimatised to the WOCL of the time zone they are in when they have spent at least 36 consecutive hours free from duty in an area of three hours time difference, or where they have spent at least 72 hours in an area of three hours time difference conducting duties. Until that time the crew member remains acclimatised to their previously acclimatised time zone. 2
Definitions Accommodation for the purpose of Standby and Split Duty (= break on ground /CU), a quiet and comfortable place, not open to the public, with an ability to control light and temperature and with access to food and drink. 3
Definitions Suitable accommodation for the purpose of Standby, Split Duty and Minimum Rest, a separate room for each crew member, located in a quiet environment, equipped with a bed, sufficient ventilation and a device for regulating temperature and light intensity. 4
Definitions Air Taxi Operations non-scheduled, on demand commercial operations, with an aeroplane with an approved seating configuration of 19 or less. 5
Definitions Early start Flight Duty Period starting in the 05:00-05:59 hr period in the time zone as referred to by the WOCL. Night duty Flight Duty Period encroaching any portion of the 02:00-04:59 hr period in the time zone as referred to by the WOCL. Late finish Flight Duty Period finishing in the 01:00-01:59 hr period in the time zone as referred to by the WOCL. 6
Definitions Eastward-Westward & Westward-Eastward transition transition at home base between a rotation encompassing 6 time zones or more and a rotation encompassing 4 time zones or more in the opposite direction. Those transitions are likely to affect a crew member when a second rotation starts before being acclimatized to its point of departure Time Zone. 7
Definitions A single day free of duty in the context of COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2000/79/EC of 27 November 2000 (requiring 7 days free of duty per calendar month /CU) time free of all duties consisting of a single day and two local nights and which may include a rest period as part of the day off. 8
Definitions Rest facility bunk, seat, room or other accommodation that provides a crew member with a sleep opportunity. 9
Definitions Class 1 rest facility bunk or other surface that allows for a flat sleeping position and is located separate from both the flight deck and passenger cabin in an area that is temperature controlled, allows the crew member to control light and provides isolation from noise and disturbance. 10
Definitions Class 2 rest facility a seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or near flat sleeping position; is separated from passengers by a minimum of a curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation; and is reasonably free from disturbance by passengers or crew members. 11
Definitions Class 3 rest facility a seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines at least 40 degrees, provides leg and foot support and is separated from passengers by a minimum of a curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation. Adjacent seats may not be occupied by passengers. 12
Definitions Split duty a duty period where the FDP is augmented by one or more breaks on the ground within the flight duty period. Ultra long range operations (ULR) augmented long range flights having a planned flight duration greater than 16 hours or a flight duty period that exceeds 18 hours. 13
FRM Fatigue Risk Management (FRM) An operator may be required, when specified by this regulation, to establish, implement and maintain FRM provisions as an integral part of its management system. FRM shall ensure that the safety objectives of the Essential Requirements are met. 14
Applicability Applicability This Appendix is applicable to commercial air transport operations by aeroplanes with two pilots, other than Air Taxi, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and Single pilot operations, in conjunction with the applicable requirements for flight and duty time limitations and rest requirements. 15
Home base Home base (a) The Home base may be a multiple airport location when the distance between any of these airports does not exceed a driving distance of 50 km and/or the related travelling time does not exceed 60 minutes. (b) When the Home base is a multiple airport location, in case the FDP starts and finishes in different locations within the Home Base, then the transfer from the final point of landing back to the initial location of the start of the duty shall count as positioning. 16
Max FDP Max FDP is regulated in two tables, which are shown in: Max FDP tabeller.doc 17
In-flight rest Extension of flight duty period due to in-flight rest (a) The maximum FDP may be extended: (1) with one additional flight crew member: (i) up to 15 hours with Class 3 rest facilities (ii) up to 16 hours with Class 2 rest facilities (iii) up to 17 hours with Class 1 rest facilities (2) with two additional flight crew members: (i) up to 16 hours with Class 3 rest facilities (ii) up to 17 hours with Class 2 rest facilities (iii) up to 18 hours with Class 1 rest facilities 18
In-flight rest cont d In-flight rest cont d (b) The FDP shall be shall be limited to three sectors. Where the FDP is 3 sectors, the limits in (a) above shall be reduced by 30 minutes. (c) The minimum in-flight rest period shall be a consecutive 90 minute period for all flight crew members. (d) The minimum in-flight rest for Cabin Crew shall be based on the difference between the basic FDP from paragraph 1-(a) above and the extended FDP, in accordance with the table below: 19
In-flight rest CC FDP extension Minimum in-flight rest Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 0:00-1:00 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:00-2:00 1:45 1:50 1:55 2:00-3:00 2:00 2:10 2:20 3:00-4:00 2:15 2:30 2:45 4:00-5:00 2:30 2:50 3:10 5:00-6:00 2:45 3:10 3:35 6:00-7:00 3:00 3:30 4:00 20
In-flight rest CC cont d All the time spent in the rest facility shall be counted toward the F????DP All the flight hours shall be counted for daily and cumulative calculations The minimum rest at destination shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 14 hours, whichever is the greater. All flight crew members shall commence their FDP at the same reporting place if they are part of an augmented crew. No single crew member can start a positioning sector to then augment a crew (EASA will look into the problem for SAS with pilots from OSL and ARN, who position to CPH before the flight commence /CU). The minimum number of operating cabin crew shall be based on the minimum number of cabin crew for flight safety tasks during flight, which should be acceptable to the Authority. (GM for the authority to be proposed by CAA UK and SWE) 21
Unforeseen Unforeseen circumstances in actual flight operations discretion by the commander The maximum basic daily FDP which results after applying FTL.1.200 (skall vara 1.210 /CU) 1(a) and (b) (och (c) enligt Question 8 på sidan 24 /CU) or FTL.1.225 may not be increased by more than 2 hours unless the flight crew has been augmented, in which case the maximum flight duty period may be increased by not more than 3 hours; 22
Max duty hours Flight times and duty periods (a) The total duty periods to which a crew member is assigned shall not exceed: (1) 60 duty hours in any seven consecutive days; (2) 190 duty hours in any 28 consecutive days, days spread as evenly as practicable throughout this period. 23
Max duty hours cont d Flight times and duty periods cont d (b) The total flight time of the flights on which an individual crew member is assigned as an operating crew member shall not exceed: (1) 100 flight hours in any 28 consecutive days, (2) 900 flight hours in any calendar year, (3) 1000 flight hours in any 12 consecutive calendar months 24
Max duty hours cont d Flight times and duty periods cont d (c) The effectiveness of paragraph (a)(2) provisions shall be demonstrated by the operator. (d)post-flight duty shall count as duty. The operator s OPS Manual shall prescribe the minimum duty period after flight, based on actual Operator s average. 25
Break on ground Split duty (a) The duration of a break on the ground within the flight duty period shall be a minimum of 3 consecutive hours. The break shall not include the time allowed for immediate post-flight duties and pre-flight duties, a minimum total of 30 minutes (b)the maximum FDP referred to in FTL.App1.110 (a) and (b) shall be increased by 50% of the break 26
Break on ground cont d Split duty cont d (c) A suitable accommodation shall be provided for breaks of 6 hours or more, and over 3 hours for breaks that encroach the WOCL. In the other cases, an accommodation shall be provided (d) Split duty may only be used before reduced rest when: (1) the break on the ground is longer than 4 hours; and (2) the number of sectors immediately before and immediately after reduced rest shall be limited respectively to 4 and 1 (e) Split duty shall not be used immediately after reduced rest. 27
Airport standby Airport Standby (a) A crew member shall be considered on standby from reporting at the normal report point until the end of the notified standby period. (b) Standby shall count in full as Duty Time. (c) Where standby is immediately followed by a flight duty: 28
Airport standby cont d Airport Standby cont d (c) Where standby is immediately followed by a flight duty: (1) where no accommodation is provided to the crew, the assigned flight duty shall count in full as FDP from report, and, (2) where an accommodation is provided to the crew the FDP shall begin at report and where the time spent on standby is 6 hours or more the FDP shall be reduced by the amount of standby time exceeding 6 hours of standby. (3) For the purposes of (1) and (2) above the allowable FDP will be calculated from the report time for the airport standby duty. (d)the minimum rest after standby with no FDP shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 12 hours, whichever is the greater. 29
Home & hotel standby Standby at home or in a suitable accommodation (a)standby other than at the Airport shall be at home or in a suitable accommodation. (b) The maximum time for standby shall not exceed 12 hours. (c) The time between the end of the standby period and the start of the next standby period shall be no less than 8 hours; (d)standby times shall count as 25% of Duty Time for the purpose of FTL.App1.115(a) cumulative duty hours calculation; (e)if a call to report for a duty occurs after the first 4 hours of the standby period, and the reporting time of the flight duty is within 8 hours after this call, the maximum FDP according to FTL.App1.110 shall be reduced according to the table below. 30
Home & hotel standby cont d Reporting time 00:01 03:59 01:00 04:00 04:59 00:45 05:00 05:59 00:30 06:00 06:59 00:15 07:00 13:59 00:00 14:00 14:59 00:15 15:00 15:59 00:30 16:00 16:59 00:45 17:00 24:00 01:00 Reduction on Max FDP 31
Home & hotel standby cont d Standby at home or in a suitable accommodation cont d (f) The minimum rest after standby with no FDP shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 12 hours, whichever is the greater. (g) The maximum number of standby hours shall not exceed 72 hours in any 7 consecutive days. 32
Time zone differences Time zone differences Time zone differences shall be compensated by additional rest, as follows: (a) At home base, if one sector encompasses 4 time zones or more, the minimum rest shall be 36h including 2 local nights (could be used as a weekly rest /CU) (b) Out of home base: if one sector encompasses 4 time zones or more, the minimum rest shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 14 hours, whichever is the greater. 33
Time zone differences cont d Time zone differences cont d (c) Acceptable limits or combinations of rotations in terms of their effect on crew fatigue shall be monitored by the Operator. (d) In case of an Eastward-Westward or Westward-Eastward transition-, an additional local night at home base to that established under subparagraph (a)) shall be provided between alternating rotations, unless the Operator demonstrate other acceptable limits or combinations of rotations through OR.OPS.145.FTL Fatigue Risk Management provisions. 34
Reduced Rest Reduced Rest Complicated rules based on the French rules which are based on the STARE study in French language. A summary in English will be added to the presentations on TS website. In France used for regional operations with morning/evening operations with night rest less than 12 hours. Many restrictions for its use, one example is maximum 3 sectors after Reduced rest. Operator FRMS required for its use. 35
Nutrition Nutrition (a) A meal and drink opportunity shall be provided in order to avoid any detriment to a crew member s performance when the FDP exceeds 6 hours. (b) An operator shall establish a protocol addressing crew member s nutrition during FDP. 36
Reduced Rest Fatigue training (a) Fatigue training shall be provided for each person involved with scheduling aircraft (will probably be deleted /CU), crew members and concerned management personnel. (b) The training syllabus shall address the possible causes and effects of fatigue, and fatigue countermeasures. 37
Not covered rules To be developed Ultra Long Range Operations Alternative Scheme for Sole Night Operations Air Taxi Operations EMS Operations Single Pilot Operations Helicopter 38
Rosters & Robustness Operator responsibilities Rosters should be published 14 days in advance. The operator should take action to change a schedule or crewing arrangements where the actual operation exceeds the maximum flight duty period, during a scheduled seasonal period, by more than 33 %. 39
Home Base Nomination of Home Base The home base nominated by the operator should not be changed for the purpose of increasing the FDP or reducing the rest period. If operational necessities require the change of home base, it should not be changed more than 4 times in any given period of 12 calendar months. 40
Max duty in 14 days Flight times and duty periods In order to spread the time periods as evenly as practicable, operators may include additional limitations, such as duty hours in any 14 consecutive days, if considered useful for fatigue mitigation. 41
Nutrition Nutrition The protocol should address the minimum duration of the meal opportunity, when a meal opportunity and a meal will be provided, in particular when the crew member s FDP covers the regular meal windows ( i.e. if the FDP starts at 11.00LT and ends at 22:00LT then two meals shall be provided and 2 opportunities to eat shall be given). 42
Nutrition cont d Nutrition cont d It should define the time frame in which a regular meal shall be consumed in order not to alter the human requirements for feeding without affecting the personal body rhythms (for example window 06-10 for breakfast, 1200-1400 for lunch and 1900-2100 for dinner). These time frames should be accounted in the FDP as the minimum number of meal opportunities offered to the crew member. 43
Comments NPA 2010-14 Published on EASA web site at 20 December 2010 http://easa.europa.eu/rulemaking/notices-ofproposed-amendment-npa.php 44