REDISCOVERING THE CANARY ISLANDS EARTHWATCH 2015
MESSAGES FROM EARTHWATCH DEAR EARTHWATCHER, The Canary Island project 15-19 th Century Colonial Farming Strategies, Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain has been launched on its first field season. With your assistance, we hope to learn about how Colonial farmers attempted to raise crops within an environment that some people have characterized as a moonscape. The environment presents many challenges for those engaged in agriculture and our goal is to reconstruct these farming strategies to learn how they functioned and why they were successful in their time. However, the farming practices were not long-lasting and we are also looking for the reason this landscape was abandoned. The houses, terraces, fields, and animal corrals that cover the mountains and valleys attest to the once intensive level of effort that was invested in this region. Our project has teamed up with the Dr. Francisco Diaz of the Universidad de La Laguna in Tenerife, CI. Dr. Diaz has spent many years studying agricultural soils and farming strategies in this very dry environment. He has studied how rainfall is diverted and stored on the landscape and how farmers mulch their fields with stone to prevent moisture loss. These strategies are amazingly parallel to prehistoric agriculture practices on Easter Island (Rapa Nui) where I have worked for almost 20 years. While there is no connection between Polynesia and the Canary Islands, the challenges of making a living by farming have driven people to evaluate their context and use the few resources available to them in similar ways. I think that you will enjoy the vast natural beauty of Lanzarote along with the historic architecture, beaches, and cafes. There will be no shortage of activities to do in the field as we conduct our survey of the many miles of stone features in our remote survey area. There are also many sites to see when not working that will add historical detail to how people once lived on Lanzarote. I look forward to meeting each of you as does Francisco and my valued team assistant Ivana. Sincerely, Christopher M. Stevenson, Ph.D. School of World Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DEAR EARTHWATCHER, Thank you for joining this expedition! We greatly appreciate your decision to contribute to hands-on environmental science and conservation. As an Earthwatch volunteer, you have the opportunity to create positive change. And while you re out in the field working toward that change, we are committed to caring for your safety. Although risk is an inherent part of the environments in which we work, we ve been providing volunteer field experiences with careful risk management and diligent planning for over 40 years. You re in good hands. We hope this expedition will inspire you to get more involved in conservation and sustainable development priorities not just out in the field, but also when you return home. We encourage you to share your experiences with others, and to transfer your skills and enthusiasm to environmental conservation efforts in your workplace, community, and home. If you have questions as you prepare for your expedition, contact your Earthwatch office. Thank you for your support, and enjoy your expedition! Sincerely, Larry Mason President and CEO, Earthwatch 2 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 4 TRIP PLANNER 5 EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST 6 THE RESEARCH 7 DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD 9 ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD 10 TRAVEL PLANNING 12 TRAVEL TIPS 13 PROJECT CONDITIONS 15 SAFETY 17 PROJECT STAFF 18 RECOMMENDED READING 19 EMERGENCY NUMBERS 20 PI, Chris Stevenson conducting field survey 3 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
GENERAL INFORMATION REDISCOVERING THE CANARY ISLANDS EARTHWATCH SCIENTISTS Dr. Chris Stevenson Assistant Professor of Anthropology Virginia Commonwealth University EXPEDITION DATES Team 1: May 11-22, 2015 Team 2: May 24-June 4, 2015 RESEARCH SITE Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain RENDEZVOUS LOCATION Meet your team in the lobby of Hotel Lancelot RENDEZVOUS TIME 10:00 a.m. DEPARTURE TIME Book flights at 1:00pm or later on the last day 4 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
TRIP PLANNER THINGS TO DO IMMEDIATELY Make sure you understand and agree to Earthwatch s Terms and Conditions and the Participant Rights and Responsibilities. If you plan to purchase trip cancellation insurance, note that some policies require you to purchase it shortly after your expedition is booked. 90 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION Log in at earthwatch.org to complete your volunteer forms. Pay any outstanding balance for your expedition. Book travel arrangements (see the Travel Planning section for details). If traveling internationally, make sure your passport is current and, if necessary, obtain a visa for your destination country. 60 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION Make sure you have all the necessary vaccinations for your project site. Review the Packing Checklist to make sure you have all the clothing, personal supplies and equipment needed. 30 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION Leave the Earthwatch 24-hour helpline number with a relative or friend. Leave copies of your passport, visa, and airline tickets with a relative or friend. Read this expedition briefing thoroughly. It provides the most accurate information available at the time of your Earthwatch scientist s project planning, and will likely answer any questions you have about the project. However, please also keep in mind that research requires improvisation, and you may need to be flexible. Research plans evolve in response to new findings, as well as to unpredictable factors such as weather, equipment failure, and travel challenges. To enjoy your expedition to the fullest, remember to expect the unexpected, be tolerant of repetitive tasks, and try to find humor in difficult situations. If there are any major changes in the research plan or field logistics, Earthwatch will make every effort to keep you well informed before you go into the field. 5 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST WHAT TO BRING GENERAL This expedition briefing Photocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and credit cards in case the originals are lost or stolen; the copies should be packed separately from the original documents Passport and/or visa (if necessary) Certification of vaccination (if necessary) Documentation for travel by minors (if necessary) CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR FIELDWORK Lightweight, long-sleeved shirts for sun protection and layering Lightweight field pants Windbreaker or other wind proof layer Comfortable, hard-soled, closed-toe hiking boots with ankle support Wide brimmed hat for sun protection Thick cloth or leather gardening gloves/work gloves Earthwatch T-shirt CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISURE At least one set of clothing to wear outside in the evenings At least one set of clothing to keep clean for end of expedition Pair of light shoes or sandals to wear around the accommodations FIELD SUPPLIES One pair of thick cloth or leather work/gardening gloves BEDDING AND BATHING Bath towel(s) and linens are provided by the accommodations PERSONAL SUPPLIES Personal toiletries (biodegradable soaps and shampoos are encouraged) Antibacterial wipes or lotion (good for cleaning hands while in the field) Personal first aid kit (e.g., anti-diarrhea pills, antibiotics, antiseptic, itch-relief, pain reliever, bandages, blister covers, etc.) and medications Spending money OPTIONAL ITEMS Camera, film or memory card(s), extra camera battery Hardware for sharing digital photographs at the end of the expedition Dry bag or plastic sealable bags (e.g. Ziploc) to protect equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and water Books, games, art supplies, etc. for free time Earplugs for light sleepers NOTE: Do not bring more luggage than you can carry and handle on your own. If traveling by air and checking your luggage, we advise you to pack an extra set of field clothing and personal essentials in your carry-on bag in case your luggage is lost or delayed. Small daypack to keep your personal items together and dry Sunscreen lotion with SPF 30 or higher Two one-liter water bottles Sunglasses Zip lock storage bags or reusable lunch containers for field lunches 6 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
THE RESEARCH REDISCOVERING THE CANARY ISLANDS THE STORY With a rapidly expanding global population, there is increased pressure Africa and Asia. Agriculture in these areas is a challenge, even for experienced farmers. But what if there were lessons we could draw on from the past to better inform our farming strategies in these environments today? To help answer this question, Earthwatch researchers are studying the history of agriculture in the Canary Islands. Spanish colonists occupied Lanzarote, one of the Canary Islands, from the late 1300s to the late 1800s and produced crops such as sugarcane, wine, and dye, all of which eventually failed. Some historians attribute these failures to unstable politics, economic issues, or new scientific inventions that drove their agricultural production out of the market. But there is little information available on what farming strategies were used during this time, or what the environmental conditions were. Did the colonists fail because of political strife or because their farming techniques were unsuccessful? Or, alternatively, were their farming techniques effective, despite the environmental challenges? Could their strategies be replicated today to help subsistence farmers? Dr. Chris Stevenson and his research team aim to answer these questions. By understanding the farming techniques of the Spanish colonists and studying the environment in the region, this research may be able to inform agricultural strategies not only in the Canary Islands, but in similar environments around the world. on food resources. As a result, humans must rely on agric PI, Chris Stevenson taking a GPS reading RESEARCH AIMS This study will document the environmental conditions on Lanzarote Island, the fourth largest of the Canary Islands, in part by looking at the condition of the soil (how nutrient rich or depleted it is), as well as the level of rainfall, erosion, and geology in the region. In addition, the research teams will document traces of Spanish colonial farming by mapping terraces (flat areas cut into a hillside for growing crops), irrigation canals, and walls, among other archaeological features. This research will enable scientists to determine how Spanish farmers adapted (or failed to adapt) their farming techniques to meet the environmental conditions, and whether they were successful in producing sustainable harvests. PI, Chris Stevenson, preparing the soil for a temperature monitor 7 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
HOW YOU WILL HELP During the first field season, the emphasis will be on land survey. Volunteers will spend their days hiking Lanzarote s striking volcanic terrain and mapping terraces, irrigation canals, and other signs of Spanish farms so that researchers can compare them to historical records. Most of the archaeological features the team is looking for are visible on the surface, so you can spot and map them without digging. For all of the activities, volunteers will be trained on what artifacts to look for, what attributes to record, and how to interpret archaeological site conditions. Anything that is not discussed in the field is then discussed during daily team briefings and evening lectures. The teams will be broken up into three mini-teams and you will rotate throughout the expedition so everyone can experience each activity. Teams will focus on mapping the agricultural field systems, using GPS to record archaeological features, excavation, and taking soil samples to test for nutrients. Specific tasks include: Hike to survey archaeological sites: Look for remnants of terraces (flat areas cut into a hillside for growing crops), irrigation canals, stone walls, Spanish pottery, and other signs of colonial farming. Explore all kinds of terrain on foot, from gentle to steep, rocky slopes. Document archaeological features: When the team encounters these traces of Spanish farmers, you will record the GPS location of the features and artifacts and take photos or make sketches to document them. Collect soil samples: Excavate 50 cm 2 shovel tests, record soil profiles, and collect samples to be analyzed in the lab. Sort artifacts. You ll likely find scatterings of broken pottery, and perhaps other artifacts, on the surface as you survey archaeological sites. The team will note the location of the artifacts and then process the lab sessions. of these finds, then c Earthwatch volunteers conducting a field survey 8 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD PLANS FOR YOUR TEAM Upon arrival, you ll receive a safety briefing and a presentation on local history, logistics, and an introduction to the goals and methods of the project. Prior to beginning our fieldwork, the PI and project staff will introduce to the cultural landscape and how to interpret the arrangements of rock found in agricultural field systems. You will also be introduced to the identification of cultural material, especially glazed and earthenware ceramics. Each field task (e.g. GPS, graphic tablet drawing, feature measuring, shovel testing) will be illustrated and we will work with you until you re comfortable with the new activities. We will work collectively in the field to ensure that data is collected according to the research design. DAILY ACTIVITIES Each morning, we will make breakfast and prepare a packed lunch. The general schedule for the day to outline what you should bring into the field and when we anticipate returning back to the project house will have been discussed the evening before during the team meeting. The morning hours will be dedicated to field work and data collection within the project area. Around noon, we will enjoy our lunches and take a short break out in the field. Afternoon activities will continue with the mapping and soil testing activities. It almost never rains on Lanzarote so there is no such thing as a rain day. After a long day of field work and data collection, we will all return to the project house for showers, a swim, and relaxation. Then, we will convene for a group dinner and evening wrap up of the day s events. In general, research days will include up to eight hours per day in the field/lab. ITINERARY DAY 1: ARRIVAL Arrive at the rendezvous hotel and meet project staff at 10:00 a.m. Travel to accommodations. Unpack and settle before having a group welcome dinner DAY 2: INTRODUCTION AND TRAINING Orientation to research and training Introduction to field sites and field visit DAY 3-10 RESEARCH Introduction to the research and general field survey techniques Collect data on the location and configuration of agricultural terracing systems, gavias, rock mounds, and field houses; bury soil sensors; excavate soil samples for nutrient analysis and document test unit soil profiles. One day, we will take a tour on historical sites, museums, and a winery on the island DAY 11: PROGRAM CLOSE Discuss how the data collected contributed to the project objectives and what remains to be done Final thank you dinner DAY 12: DEPARTURE Depart for the airport 9 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD ABOUT YOUR HOME IN THE FIELD La Casa de la Caldera, project accommodations SLEEPING You will be staying in apartments at the Casa Caldera, a restored traditional Canarian finca over two centuries old. Each apartment is fully furnished, including bed linens. There are single gender rooms with up to three people per room. BATHROOMS Each apartment has a shared conventional bathroom with hot water, shower and toilet. ELECTRICITY You are welcome to bring electrical equipment. All lodging facilities have standard electrical outlets (2 round prong, 220v). COMMUNICATIONS There is wi-fi Internet access at the accommodations. Depending on your mobile phone carrier, cell service can be found near the accommodations, but is highly variable in the region. Please note that personal communication with outsiders is not always possible while participating in an expedition. Earthwatch encourages volunteers to minimize outgoing calls and immerse themselves in the experience; likewise, family and friends should restrict calls to urgent messages only. FACILITIES AND AMENITIES The Casa Caldera apartments each have a full kitchen. There is a communal patio where the team may gather for presentations and relaxation time. There is also a shared outdoor swimming pool. 10 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
DISTANCE TO THE FIELD SITE The field site is within a five minute drive of the project house. We enter through the head of the valley and walk down a steep slope. This takes about 15 minutes. The field systems are located at the base of this slope. As we document the area over time, the walk to the daily beginning point will be slightly longer. The uphill walk home will be about 30-40 minutes. FOOD AND WATER A cook will prepare your dinner meals, which will consist of typical Spanish and American fare. You ll have full breakfasts and dinners that generally feature meats, vegetables, and fresh salad. For lunch, you ll assemble your own sandwiches to picnic on in the field. The house water is desalinated sea water and it may have an odd taste. Bottle water for daily use will be provided. TYPICAL MEALS Breakfast Lunch Cereal, fruit, yogurt, eggs, toast, coffee and tea Sandwiches, fruit Dinner Chicken, fish, soup, potatoes Snacks Beverages Fruit, chips, pretzels, cookies Water, juice SPECIAL DIETARY REQUIREMENTS Please alert Earthwatch to any special dietary requirements (e.g., diabetes, lactose intolerance, nut or other food allergies, vegetarian) as soon as possible, and note them in the space provided on your volunteer forms. This project is unable to provide vegan food. 11 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
TRAVEL PLANNING RENDEZVOUS AND DEPARTURE INFORMATION RENDEZVOUS LOCATION: Lobby of Hotel Lancelot. DATE: Team 1: May 11, 2015 Team 2: May 24, 2015 TIME: 10:00 a.m. Although Earthwatch can often suggest resources to help with travel planning, please remember that you are responsible for making your own travel arrangements to the rendezvous site and that airline information is subject to change. You are encouraged to register your travel itinerary with your embassy. It is essential to the success of the expedition that you do not plan to arrive late or leave the expedition early. HOW TO MEET YOUR TEAM We recommend you arrive in Arrecife the day before your team begins and stay in the Hotel Lancelot, or the hotel of your choice. You then will meet in the lobby of the Hotel Lancelot 10:00a.m. The project staff will greet you and drive you to the field site. The field site is approximately 30 minutes from the hotel in Arrecife. ARRIVING EARLY Please do not arrive early at the project site. The accommodations are only available to us for the duration of your team. ARRIVING LATE Please do not reserve a flight that arrives after your team s scheduled rendezvous time. If your flight is delayed and/or you miss the rendezvous, please contact Earthwatch s 24-hour emergency hotline number on the last page of this briefing and a staff member will help connect you with project staff. The field staff will do their best to make arrangements to pick you up at the airport, but if you arrive very late, you may have to spend a night at a nearby hotel at your own expense. DEPARTURE The team will be taken to the airport at 10:00 a.m. on the last day of the expedition. Please do not book a flight that departs earlier than 1:00 p.m. NOTE: Early departures cannot be accommodated except in cases of emergency. Before leaving a project early for any reason you must sign an Earthwatch release form. LOCATION: Lanzarote airport (ACE) DATE: Team 1: May 22, 2015 Team 2: June 4, 2015 TIME: After 1:00 p.m. on Day 12 Looking for artifacts 12 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
TRAVEL TIPS SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ROAD YOUR DESTINATION LANGUAGE: Spanish TIME ZONE: Western European Time Zone. UTC + 0:00 hours CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS: Casual, modest dress is acceptable nearly everywhere. ELECTRICITY: 220 volts AC, 50Hz Plug Type C MONEY MATTERS LOCAL CURRENCY: Euro PERSONAL FUNDS: $300 should suffice if you d like to purchase additional food or supplies. PASSPORTS AND VISAS Passport and visa requirements are subject to change. Check with your travel advisor, embassy or consulate in your home country for requirements specific to your circumstances. Generally, passports must be valid for at least six months from the date of entry and a return ticket is required. CITIZENSHIP PASSPORT REQUIRED? VISA REQUIRED? United States Yes No United Kingdom Yes No Europe Yes No Australia Yes No Japan Yes No If a visa is required, participants should apply for a TOURIST visa. Please note that obtaining a visa can take weeks or even months. We strongly recommend using a visa agency, which can both expedite and simplify the process. CONTACT INFORMATION You may be required to list the following contact information on your visa application and immigration form, or if your luggage does not make it to baggage claim at your destination: Casa de La Caldera Calle Las Brena Las Casitas de Femes 35570 Yaiza, Las Palmas, Espana 13 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
PROJECT CONDITIONS THE FIELD ENVIRONMENT GENERAL CONDITIONS During May and June there is little to no rainfall on Lanzarote. The general conditions will be dry and sunny, with the chance of some very hot days. The terrain is very hilly and sometimes will be very steep. There are many loose rocks and some areas with loose dirt. The decent into the field site is somewhat steep, but the bulk of the fieldwork will happen in the valley, where there are flat and sloped areas. To leave the field site, there is a short, but somewhat steep hike out of the valley. The team will take several water and rest breaks and enjoy the breathtaking views as you climb. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS: All participants must be able to: Follow verbal and/or visual instructions independently or with the assistance of a companion. Enjoy being outdoors most of the day in variable weather, with potentially high winds and dust. Tolerate high heat and direct sun for up to 6 hours. Hike over rough, uneven and sometimes steep terrain Carry personal daily supplies such as lunch, water, and some small field equipment. Dig with a shovel and/or trowel for up to an hour at a time Kneel and bend for 1-3 hours while looking for artifacts, or collecting soil by excavation. TEMPERATURE RANGE: DAY: 61 F to 79 F (16 C to 26 C) NIGHT: 55 F to 64 F (13 C to 18 C) RAINFALL: Less than 1 inch (25 mm) 14 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
POTENTIAL HAZARDS Hazard Type Transportation Hiking Heat and sun exposure Personal Security Distance from Medical Care High winds and dust Seismic Activity Associated Risks and Precautions We will travel on public roads in a quiet area with few traffic issues, but risks inherent in road travel still apply. We ll take some gravel roads, generally in good condition. Vehicles are maintained to U.S. standards. All volunteers will have a seatbelt and must use it whenever the vehicle is in motion. Only qualified field staff will drive project vehicles. You will walk along established paths and unmaintained areas. The terrain may sometimes be difficult to traverse. You may take your time with any sections of challenging terrain. Take particular care to avoid stepping on loose rocks and loose gravel or dirt. The sun can be very strong during May and June increasing the risk of sun burn, heat exhaustion and dehydration. There is no shade in the project area, so proper sun precaution and hydration is absolutely necessary. Sun hats, sun block (spf 30) and long sleeves are essential. Lanzarote is a generally safe region for travelers; however, do not leave valuables unattended in public areas. The apartments lock and items can be left inside. Due to the relative remoteness of the site, and the need to hike out to the vehicle, it can take up to two hours to reach the nearest hospital. Once at the vehicle, the hospital is about 30-40 minutes away. Those with severe or chronic conditions that may require immediate medical care (e.g., heart problems, severe allergies that can result in anaphylactic shock, etc.) should carefully consider their participation in this project and discuss with their doctors the implications of the distance of the hospital from the project site. The project area is very windy and the arid environment can cause a great deal of dust. Wind and dust storms are possible but infrequent. Field staff will monitor local news and advisories for inclement weather. People with contacts may want to bring an extra pair or glasses if dust and wind will bother their eyes. There is a history of seismic activity on the island, and although rare, are possible. The field staff will provide an evacuation plan and meeting point to the team. Swimming There is a swimming pool at the project house that may be used but there is no life guard on duty. People should not swim without a second person present. 15 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
SAFETY HEALTH INFORMATION EMERGENCIES IN THE FIELD Accommodations and vehicles all have first aid kits. In the event of a medical emergency, the Earthwatch scientists will administer first aid, and depending on the seriousness of the injury or condition, either take the volunteer to the hospital using one of the project vehicles (always available) or call emergency services by cellphone. While in the field, the scientists will carry a cell phone for emergency communication. If a volunteer has to leave the expedition early for emergency reasons, the Earthwatch scientists will determine the most appropriate form of transport to the airport (either one of the project vehicles or ambulance). For emergency assistance in the field, please contact Earthwatch s 24-hour emergency hotline number on the last page of this briefing. Earthwatch is available to assist you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; someone is always on call to respond to messages that come into our live answering service. IMMUNIZATIONS Please be sure your routine immunizations are up-to-date (for example diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella. Medical decisions are the responsibility of each volunteer and his or her doctor, and the following are recommendations only. Visit the Healix Travel Oracle website through the Travel Assistance and Advice page in your Earthwatch portal, cdc.gov or who.int for guidance on immunizations. PROJECT VACCINATIONS RECOMMENDED FOR HEALTH REASONS: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B 16 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
PROJECT STAFF YOUR RESOURCES IN THE FIELD EARTHWATCH SCIENTIST DR. CHRIS STEVENSON Dr. Christopher M. Stevenson is an Assistant Professor of Anthropology in the School of World Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University. He has also been a regional archaeologist for the Commonwealth of Virginia and a principal investigator within several cultural resource management firms. His research has focused on Easter Island since he completed his dissertation on the island prehistory in 1986. Other research interests include methods development in glass and ceramic dating and ancient agricultural systems in semi-arid and arid environments. FIELD TEAM LEADER IVANA ADZIC Ms. Ivana Adzic is a recent graduate of Virginia Commonwealth University with a major in Anthropology. Ivana has served several tours of duty in the US Airforce and is a trained medic. NOTE: Staff schedules are subject to change. 17 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
EMERGENCY NUMBERS AROUND-THE-CLOCK SUPPORT EARTHWATCH S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HELPLINE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Call Earthwatch s 24-hour on-call Duty Officer in the U.S.: +1 (978) 461-0081 +1 (800) 776-0188 (toll-free for calls placed from within the U.S.) After business hours, leave a message with our live answering service. State that you have an emergency and give the name of your expedition, your name, the location from which you are calling, and if possible, a phone number where you can be reached. An Earthwatch staff person will respond to your call within one hour. Travel Assistance Provider: HEALIX INTERNATIONAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +44-20-3667-8991 (collect calls and reverse charges accepted) U.S. TOLL FREE: +1-877-759 3917 U.K. FREE PHONE: 0-800-19-5180 E-MAIL: earthwatch@healix.com You may contact Healix International at any time. They can assist in the event of a medical or evacuation emergency or for routine medical and travel advice, such as advice on visas and vaccine requirements. For volunteers booked through the Earthwatch Australia office: EARTHWATCH AUSTRALIA S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HELPLINE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +61-0-3-8508-5537 advice, such as advice on visas and vaccine requirements. For volunteers booked through the Earthwatch Australia office: EARTHWATCH AUSTRALIA S 24-HOUR EMERGENCY HELPLINE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +61-0-3-8508-5537 18 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
NOTES 19 Rediscovering the Canary Islands 2015
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