ABCD Trading Patterns and Associated Parameters for Fatigue Design Assessment of Container Ships Lloyd's Register July 2006 1
Lloyd's Register, its affiliates and subsidiaries and their respective officers, employees or agents are, individually and collectively, referred to in this clause as the Lloyd's Register Group. The Lloyd's Register Group assumes no responsibility and shall not be liable to any person for any loss, damage or expense caused by reliance on the information or advice in this document or howsoever provided, unless that person has signed a contract with the relevant Lloyd's Register Group entity for the provision of this information or advice and in that case any responsibility or liability is exclusively on the terms and conditions set out in that contract. Lloyd s Register 2006 2
1. Introduction 1.1. The objective of this report is to identify suitable loading conditions, trading speed and world-wide trading patterns for fatigue design assessment (FDA) of container ships. 1.2. Based on ship sizes and trading characteristics, container ships are categorised into the following five groups: less than 500TEU, 500-1,500TEU, 1,500-3,000TEU, 3,000-5,000TEU and larger than 5,000TEU. 1.3. FDA loading conditions and trading patterns for each ship group are derived based on statistical data. 1.4. For each trading route, the ship sails from a specified port/area to another specified port/area with a defined FDA loading condition. 1.5. Trading patterns identified in this document are to be used as the minimum requirement for fatigue analysis. Where the owner expects the trading pattern of the ship to be more onerous than the default, additional trading patterns are to be specified and analysed. Lloyd's Register requires the ship builder to provide details of all additional trading patterns specified by the owner. 2. FDA Loading Conditions 2.1. Container ships usually trade in the loaded condition. The ballast condition is rarely used. Therefore, the ballast condition is omitted for fatigue design assessment purpose. 2.2. Suitable loading conditions have been determined for fatigue design assessment. These are called FDA loading conditions. Three or four loading conditions have been identified for each ship group to reflect typical trading conditions. 2.3. FDA loading conditions for each ship group are given in Table 1. Loaded TEU weight is the total weight of cargo and container tare weight for a 20 feet container. Empty TEU weight is the self weight of a 20 feet container (i.e. container tare weight). These numbers are considered to be typical average values. 2.4. Lloyd's Register requires ship designers/builders to provide details (e.g. trim and stability calculations) of the FDA loading conditions in accordance with Table 1 in order to perform FDA calculation. For the FDA loading conditions specified in Table 1, all fuel tanks are to be 100% filled and the amount of ballast water carried is to be minimum provided that the longitudinal strength, stability and other operational requirements are satisfied. For the 3
larger container ships (i.e. over 5000 TEU), a midship draught of the order of 80% to 90% of the ship's scantling draught is generally expected. 3. Service Speed for Fatigue Analysis 3.1. The service speed to be used for FDA calculation is taken as 90% of the maximum service speed as defined in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships, Part 3. This is derived from the analyses of statistical data and actual trading voyages. 3.2. For ships designed with large sea-margins, the percentage of maximum service speed to be used for FDA calculations will be specially considered. 4. Trading Patterns 4.1. Trading patterns for each ship group are given in Table 2. It should be noted that the port time specified is the total time spent in ports for loading and unloading for each route. 4.2. The listed port names reflect typical port rotations. 4
Table 1: FDA loading conditions for fatigue design assessment of container ships FDA Loading condition FDA loading Condition ID Loaded TEU weight tonne/teu Empty TEU weight tonne/teu Loaded TEU as % of capacity Empty TEU as % of capacity <500TEU Container ship FDA LC 1.1 10.3 1.8 55 25 FDA LC 1.2 10.8 1.8 65 20 FDA LC 1.3 11.0 1.8 60 18 500-1,500TEU Container ship FDA LC 2.1 10.0 1.8 55 25 10.8 1.8 64 20 FDA LC 2.3 11.0 1.8 60 18 1,500-3,000TEU Container ship FDA LC 3.1 9.3 1.8 85 3 FDA LC 3.2 10.2 1.8 70 16 FDA LC 3.3 11.3 1.8 75 10 FDA LC 3.4 12.7 1.8 76 13 3,000-5,000TEU Container ship FDA LC 4.1 9.0 1.8 86 2 9.0 1.8 93 1 FDA LC 4.3 12.4 1.8 61 30 FDA LC 4.4 12.4 1.8 80 12 >5,000TEU Container ship 9.0 1.8 91 3 FDA LC 5.2 10.3 1.8 70 11 FDA LC 5.3 12.0 1.8 57 25 FDA LC 5.4 12.8 1.8 68 23 Note: Loaded TEU weight is the total weight of cargo and container tare weight for a 20 feet container. Empty TEU weight is the self weight of a 20 feet container (i.e. container tare weight). 5
Table 2: Trading patterns for fatigue design assessment of container ships Port Information Route Description Typical Port Rotation Port time Days FDA loading condition ID Time % <500TEU Container ship North Asia round trip South East Asia round trip Pusan, Tokyo, Shanghai, Dalian, Qingdao, Pusan Singapore, Bangkok, Saigon, Jakarta, Singapore Gioia Tauro, La Spezia, Genoa, Barcelona, Malta, Gioia Tauro 3.3 FDA LC 1.2 33.0 2.9 FDA LC 1.2 34.3 Mediterranean Intra/Feeder round trip 4.2 FDA LC 1.3 11.6 North Europe/Baltic round trip Hamburg, Helsinki, Gdansk, Hamburg 3.5 FDA LC 1.1 11.5 Caribbean/Central America Kingston, Freeport, Miami, Freeport, 6.0 FDA LC 1.1 9.6 Panama, Kingston round trip 500-1,500TEU Container ship Intra Asia Long Haul round trip South East Asia round trip North Europe/Baltic round trip Mediterranean Intra/Feeder round trip North America to South America South America to North America 38.5 28.6 FDA LC 2.1 9.9 FDA LC 2.3 5.6 8.6 3.0 3.0 Singapore, Shanghai, Pusan, Tokyo, Kobe, Pusan, Singapore 3.7 Singapore, Bangkok, Jakarta, Singapore 3.2 Hamburg, Helsinki, Riga, Gdansk, Hamburg 4.2 Gioia Tauro, La Spezia, Genoa, Valencia, Malta, Gioia Tauro New York, Miami, Kingston, Santos, Rio Grande, Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Rio Grande, Santos, Kingston, Miami, New York 1,500-3,000TEU Container ship Transatlantic to St Lawrence Antwerp, Le Havre, Montreal 1.6 FDA LC 3.1 6.6 St Lawrence to Transatlantic Montreal, Le Havre, Antwerp 1.6 FDA LC 3.4 6.6 N. Europe to N. America- Felixstowe, Antwerp, Norfolk, Miami, FDA LC 3.1 Freeport, Kingston Caribbean 2.8 4.7 Caribbean to N America- Kingston, Freeport, Miami, Norfolk, FDA LC 3.3 Antwerp, Felixstowe N.Europe 2.8 4.7 Africa to N. Europe Durban, Cape Town, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Felixstowe 2.9 FDA LC 3.4 8.3 N.Europe to Africa Felixstowe, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Cape Town, Durban 2.9 FDA LC 3.1 8.3 Europe to Australasia Hamburg, Felixstowe, Rotterdam, Le Havre, Melbourne, Sydney 4.3 FDA LC 3.2 8.4 Australasia to Europe Sydney, Melbourne, Le Havre, Rotterdam, Felixstowe, Hamburg 4.3 FDA LC 3.4 8.4 Intra Asia Long Haul Singapore, Kaohsiung, Pusan, Kobe 2.7 FDA LC 3.2 17.0 Mediterranean to Asia Barcelona, Genoa, Jeddah, Colombo, Klang, Singapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong 3.4 FDA LC 3.4 9.5 Hong Kong, Bangkok, Singapore, FDA LC 3.1 Klang, Colombo, Jeddah, Genoa, Asia to Mediterranean Barcelona 3.4 9.5 N.America to Mediterranean Savannah, New York, Algeciras, Barcelona, Genoa 2.9 FDA LC 3.3 Mediterranean to N. America Genoa, Barcelona, Algeciras, New York, Savannah 2.9 FDA LC 3.3 6
Table 2 (continues) Route Description Port Information Typical Port Rotation Port time Days FDA loading condition ID Time % 3,000-5,000TEU Container ship Transatlantic Eastbound Transatlantic Westbound Transpacific Eastbound Transpacific Westbound Mediterranean to Asia Asia to Mediterranean Asia to Europe Europe to Asia Asia to N.America EC (via Panama) N.America EC to Asia (via Panama) FDA LC 4.4 13.1 FDA LC 4.1 13.1 1 FDA LC 4.3 1 FDA LC 4.4 8.5 8.5 FDA LC 4.4 4.9 FDA LC 4.3 Hamburg, Felixstowe, Rotterdam, Halifax, New York, Norfolk 3.7 Norfolk, New York, Halifax, Rotterdam, Felixstowe, Hamburg 3.7 Kaohsiung, Pusan, Yokohama, Tacoma, Los Angeles 4.2 Los Angeles, Tacoma, Yokohama, Pusan, Kaohsiung 4.2 Barcelona, Genoa, Gioia Tauro, Klang, Singapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Shanghai 5.3 Shanghai, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Singapore, Klang, Gioia Tauro, Genoa, Barcelona 5.3 Pusan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Salalah, Le Havre, Rotterdam, Felixstowe 4.3 Felixstowe, Rotterdam, Le Havre, Salalah, Singapore, Hong Kong, Pusan 4.3 Shagnhai, Qingdao, Pusan, Kobe, (via Panama), Miami, Norfolk, New York New York, Norfolk, Miami, (via Panama), Kobe, Pusan, Qingdao, Shanghai 4.9 >5,000TEU Container ship Transatlantic Eastbound Transatlantic Westbound Transpacific Eastbound Transpacific Westbound Asia to Europe Europe to Asia Asia-Med-N.America (via Suez) N.America-Med-Asia (via Suez) N.America WC-Asia-Europe (via Suez) Europe-Asia-N.America WC (via Suez) FDA LC 5.4 5.0 5.0 15.0 FDA LC 5.3 15.0 FDA LC 5.4 18.0 18.0 4.6 8.0 FDA LC 5.4 4.6 8.0 FDA LC 5.2 FDA LC 5.2 Hamburg, Felixstowe, Rotterdam, Halifax, New York, Norfolk 3.5 Norfolk, New York, Halifax, Rotterdam, Felixstowe, Hamburg 3.5 Kaohsiung, Pusan, Yokohama, Tacoma, Los Angeles 3.5 Los Angeles, Tacoma, Yokohama, Pusan, Kaohsiung 3.5 Pusan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Salalah, Le Havre, Rotterdam, Felixstowe 4.4 Felixstowe, Rotterdam, Le Havre, Salalah, Singapore, Hong Kong, Pusan 4.4 Kaohsiung, Hong Kong, Singapore, Algeciras, Halifax, New York, Norfolk Norfolk, New York, Halifax, Algeciras, Singapore, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung Seattle, LA, Pusan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Le Havre, Felixstowe, Rott., Hamburg 6.3 Hamburg, Rott., Felixstowe, Le Havre, Singapore, Hong Kong, Pusan, LA, Seattle 6.3 7