Aviation Ecosystem Testbed June 2016 GE, M2MI, Oracle, Infosys
Aviation Eco-System What Disparate eco-system providers in Aviation industry Share data & insights for PAX experience, efficiency & revenue Leverage secure IoT Cloud for Connected: Passengers and baggage Airports & Services Airplanes Partners GE, M2MI, Oracle, Infosys Market Segments Air Travel Systems (Baggage, Catering, Airfield Services, Security) Airport & Vendors Airlines, Airframers & OEMs Other ecosystem service providers, parking AIRLINES REGIONAL CARGO PILOTS GROUND & AIR CREW HEALTH PASSENGER IATA ENGINES AVIONICS OEMS IN-FLIGHT CATERING INFOTAIN AIRFRAME BAGGAGE TARMAC FAA ALPA REGULATOR TSA DHS AIRPORT SECURITY TRAFFIC 2
Testbed Vision An Aviation Ecosystem that will allow different stakeholders to share data through a secure and Cloud-based IoT system, with the aim to improve passenger experience, improve efficiency and reduce costs in the industry. The Testbed will be phased, and will focus on technologies addressing critical challenges, specifically: Reduction in Total Travel Time (ttt) through transparent & secure IoT ecosystem coordination for 1) connected baggage handling, 2) Operations like catering and inflight services and 3) Smart Connected Airports and Suppliers Reduction in Airline Baggage handling costs, Improved Planning, Security & expanded services : This may lead to reduced baggage costs, higher security and anomaly detection, better fuel/cargo planning efficiencies. Improvements in track/trace, innovations in baggage processing, transport, security event handling and onboarding, services to help family, elderly and special needs passengers all improve Airline PAX satisfaction and reduce travel interfaces. Phase 1 2 3 Focus Area Connected Airline Bags & Baggage Systems Connected Airline Catering Connected Airports & Other Suppliers EcoSystem Involvement: A high level of interaction is anticipated between Aviation eco-system providers. In case of favorable FAA intervention, the technologies may evolve faster and experience significant growth and ROI. Testbed Phases 3
Baggage Related Satisfaction Among the two-thirds of passengers who check baggage for their flight, 52 percent indicate they had to wait 15 minutes or longer to receive their baggage, among whom satisfaction is 711, compared with 751 among those who experience a shorter wait time. Satisfaction among passengers who pay for checked baggage has improved steadily during the past five years to 700 in 2015 from 637 in 2011. The above data implies that other expanded services can be sold to passengers around baggage, provided it reduces/eliminates wait and has lower delays/damages to the bags. http://www.jdpower.com/sites/default/files/2015057%20na%20airline_%20(final).pdf 4
How Airline Baggage Handling Systems Work? A baggage-handling system has three main jobs: Move bags from the check-in area to the departure gate Move bags from one gate to another during transfers Move bags from the arrival gate to the baggage-claim area The measure of a successful baggage-handling system is simple: Can the bags move from point to point as fast as the travelers can? If the bags move slower, you'll have frustrated travelers waiting for bags, or bags failing to make connecting flights on time. If the bags move too fast, you might have bags making connecting flights that passengers miss (is that important?) Airlines mishandled 21.8 million bags, or 6.96 per 1,000 passengers in 2013, according to SITA, an aviation communications and technology company that tracks baggage performance each year. http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/baggage-handling.htm 5
Opportunities to Improve Baggage Handling Delays (81.2%) Damage(15.5%) Theft (3.3%) 45% delays due to transfer related issues Aviation Industry Avg Passenger operating cost=$216 Cost to repatriate a delayed bag=$100 6
Phase 1: Connected Baggage Systems Primary Customer Goal : Reduce end-to-end total travel time and improve passenger/ Airline relations, without raising cost Primary Aviation Industry Goals : Improve baggage routing & delivery efficiency to avoid repatriation cost Enable new revenue with baggage convenience services through coordination of baggage services, airlines and airport ecosystem Reduce flight costs thru real time flight planning, fuel decisions & data transparency amongst stakeholders Increase baggage security & reduce flight disruption costs through anomaly response coordination and automation Showcase how connected baggage systems reduce travel time by enabling streamlined onboarding & faster direct delivery Create an Aviation IoT service catalogue and data cloud with secure Ecosystem Information sharing Other benefits for Passenger & Crew Security, PAX Special Needs, Elderly & Families with kids, Biz travelers & Travel groups Connected Baggage Sys Real time weight, geo-location, handling & security data can give airlines preflight cargo, required fuel & traveller insight http://www.techspot.com/news/60563-samsonite-working-samsung-add-connected-technology-luggage.html 7
Erosion of the Passenger Experience 07:28 1937 BUR to EWR 05:18 2015 LAX to EWR Door-to-Door trip time may actually be more today than in 1937. http://www.techspot.com/news/60563-samsonite-working-samsung-add-connected-technology-luggage.html 8
End-to-end System The Phase I system will support connected bags / connected baggage handling devices as well as those in current use How to make bags smart: Retro fit the bags with sensors / strain gauge for weight OR New smart bags (subsidized by airline loyalty programs) How to make baggage handling smart: Sensors in baggage handling devices (conveyor belts / carousels etc.) Baggage trolleys / airport beacons and destination coded vehicles Airline would be the system of record for baggage and would consume / interact with the information from the Aviation Ecosystem Connected Baggage Systems are a good starting point for the IoT-enabled Airport Ecosystem. Baggage Handling requires multi-stakeholder coordination, experiences costly inefficiencies, can be an innovative revenue center and has a large impact on customer satisfaction. 9
Standards Based Solution Compliance to IIC s IIRA for Industrial Internet Architecture IATA standards - Reso 740 - Format of Interline Baggage Tag (sensor data to use similar format + additional tags like weight of bag) Evaluation of conformity to GS1-standards for tracking and exchange of aviation ecosystem events that impact and are impacted by baggage Enhancing the bag tag to contain additional data JSON format for data interchange between the systems De-coupling of data elements and analytics for re-usability Self-drop bag drops with such printed bag tags with scanning of boarding pass (RP1701f Self-Service Baggage Process) https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/ops-infra/baggage/pages/standards.aspx 10
Phase 1 & Beyond: Aviation Ecosystem A meaningful reduction in airline passenger total travel time (ttt), total costs for Airlines. This will be achieved in a phased manner: Connected Airline Baggage & Baggage Systems Connected Airline Catering Connected Airports & Other Suppliers Connected rest of the Aviation Ecosystem Phase 1: The location of the bags will be mapped (satellite or GIS), to provide a realtime system view, including the status and location of the corresponding flights and airports. The baggage handling ground vehicles and carousels will be instrumented. The choice of phase 1 to build the Aviation Ecosystem is based less competitive nature ans sensitivity around the baggage related data but has direct impact to PAX experience. Phase 2: Catering related services would be a good Phase 2, as often catering can delay flights or erode customer experience. It will leverage the IoT Infrastructure developed in Phase 1 and extend it to catering system. Possibility of including commercial cargo in this phase. 11
Phase 3 & Beyond Phase 3 and Beyond: Other services where higher sensitivity around data sharing, both from competitive perspective and compliance and data security perspective exists, would be tackled after showcasing the value of the Ecosystem in earlier phases. This would include airport security and passenger flow, to improve the throughput Operational Optimization. This ties well to Intelligent Cities initiates by several Governments and airport can be modeled as a Mini-City. We envision this Ecosystem will eventually connect to Maintenaince Repair and Overhaul (MRO) of aircrafts and engines and Asset Efficiency Systems (e.g. Asset Efficiency Testbed) that is used for aircraft, engine, landing gear and other equipment maintenance systems. However, in light of the data sharing sensitivity around such systems, they will be tackled at a later phase. The health of the aircraft can be a significant factor in passenger delays and consequently in overall passenger satisfaction with air travel. 12
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Testbed Components Infosys PARTNER COMPONENT PRODUCT Oracle Airline Data Model M2Mi IoT Platform Modules CONNECTION, DEVICE MANAGER, CYBER SECURITY, DATA HANDLER, IN-STREAM ANALYTICS, PRIVACY & BUSINESS CENTER PREDIX Industrial IoT Cloud Platform TESTBED ROLE AVIATION Data Model & Data Warehouse Ecosystem IoT Service Catalogue w/ Privacy, Data Shaping & Interoperability Industrial Internet Cloud & Aviation Industry Insight System Integration, Aviation Domain Expertise 14
Functional Architecture (v 0.1) AVIATION Application Dev Environment AVIATION Open API IoT Service Catalogue AVIATION Data Model and Data Warehouse IoT Functions & AVIATION Device/ Message Models Industrial IoT Platform & Cloud Infrastructure 15
IIC Architecture - Business Viewpoint Vision: A recent Amadeus Study highlights that airline passengers expect significant improvement in their experience around the airport. Note that baggage is a recurrent theme. In response to such customer needs, the regulatory bodies such as IATA have proposed the Res 753 (Fig 4). Our testbed will provide a solution to the airlines and airports to help meet this requirement. It will improve the passenger experience as well. All the bag related elements of the below survey, can be accomplished by this solution namely: Used of a permanent / reusable bag tag Remote bag check or bag drop (expanded services) Self-service bag drop Passenger notification of status of the bag Business Value: Reduce by 1% or more, the $2b/yr loss due to baggage exceptions Developments that Airline Passenger Want in Next 5 Years (Amadeus Study) 16
IIC Architecture User Viewpoint In Phase 1, two User Scenarios are analyzed Scenario 1.0 Normal Baggage Flow Activity 1.1 User is checking in at home within 24 hrs of the flight. User self declares bag weight during the mobile checkin-process. Activity 1.2 - Information is captured by the Aviation Ecosystem Cloud from the airline checkin system. Activity 1.3 Passenger arrives at airport and self-bag drops using a shared bag drop kiosk at the departure airport and gets the digital confirmation of bag drop. Activity 1.4 Bag drop kiosk updates the Aviation Ecosystem data with bag drop event. Activity 1.5 Tracking of the bag is initiated, event information is pushed to the airline and status/location to passenger mobile app. Activity 1.6 Tracking of bag terminates after passenger picks up the bag at destination and scans the tag using mobile app. Activity 1.7 Aviation Ecosystem marks the bag+passenger flight record combination as Normal Flow. Scenario 2.0 Belt Exception Flow Activity 2.1 2.5 Are same as 1.1. 1.5 above. Activity 2.6 Bag falls off the conveyor belt at departure airport. (No event is captured / generated) Activity 2.7 Aviation Ecosystem senses timeout (elapsed duration) between arrival at conveyor belt to arrival at baggage trolley. Generates exception event. Activity 2.8 Aviation Ecosystem generates exception event for airline and baggage handling staff. Activity 2.9 Bag search is initiated, bag restored to conveyor belt. Activity 2.10 Supervisor resets exception state Activity 2.11 Same as 1.5 and beyond 17
Testbed Participation & Deployment API Access to all Data, Insight, Device Controls, Customizable Data Shaping and Configuration Open Testbed for all Industry Partners to participate in APPLICATION DEVELOPERS Using 100s of data, control & configuration APIs, Aviation Application developers can integrate insights, run workflows & automate devices without needing knowledge of the Platform or Device Vendors ANALYTICS, MACHINE LEARNING, BIG DATA PRODUCTS All data, insight & data shaping are available via API so additional partners can easily access data in the format they need, as well as create security & privacy rules to stream data PLATFORMS All of the included platforms support open API interfaces for interoperability. Additionally M2Mi is composable so device & analytics platforms can extend their functionality as needed SECURITY SOLUTIONS Device, Infrastructure or Application security components can leverage the global security awareness of Cyber Security & Privacy Modules or stand independently DEVICES & GATEWAYS Device & Gateway Vendors can take advantage of the existing Testbed Data Handler capabilities or integrate their independently collected data directly into in-stream analytics workflows DEVICES can be located anywhere 18
Relationship to IIC Technologies and Members Reference Architecture: Will utilize one of the architectural patterns defined in the IIRA: the Three-tier architecture pattern. Additional patterns may also apply, still under study. Use of industry standards to define the interfaces like IATA Res 740, JSON for data interchange etc. Security Framework: The Testbed Team will be working with the Security Working Group to produce and evaluate a Testbed Security Profile. Other IIC Testbeds to collaborate with: Close coordination the High Speed Test if available in Airports and eventually with Asset Efficiency Testbed for the MRO / Maintenance related data and lessons learned, for the Aviation Ecosystem Testbed IIC Member Participation Aviation Ecosystem has multiple and distinct use cases. Multiple IIC member opportunities will become available for sensors, connectivity, data manipulation/storage, as well as analytic/application development for both consumers and aviation suppliers and related visualization. 19
Testbed Success Criteria Demonstration of connected bag solution showing reduction in total travel time (ttt) for passenger Design and proof of operational validity of new revenue-generating services through data transparency & coordination Demonstrable reduction in lost baggage and resulting costs to airline / baggage handler Deep, actionable insights revealed from Aviation industry coordination and shared IoT situational awareness Minimal effort to incorporate additional sensing technology into Testbed or to require changes to existing legacy software environments in the field Improved operational practices for airport and airlines Connected Baggage - Happy Customer
Thank You Contacts: GE Shyam V Nath, IoT Architect M2MI Sarah Cooper, COO Oracle Sudip Majumder, Director Industry Model Chris Fox, Enterprise Architect Infosys Jayraj Nair, Head of IoT Sameer Joshi, Strategy & Management 21
Appendix 22
Airline PAX Satisfaction Survey J.D. Power Reports: Airlines: A Transportation or Hospitality Business? The study measures passenger satisfaction with North America airline carriers based on performance in seven factors (in order of importance): cost and fees; inflight services; boarding/deplaning/baggage; flight crew; aircraft; check-in; and reservation. There are a myriad of reasons why passengers choose an airline. The study finds that when passengers make the decision to fly an airline based on the services or experience the airline provides rather than price or convenient routes and scheduling, satisfaction is higher and passengers are substantially more likely to return to the airline brand and to recommend it to others. Overall satisfaction among passengers who select an airline because of its reputation or customer service averages 812 (on a 1,000-point scale). http://www.jdpower.com/sites/default/files/2015057%20na%20airline_%20(final).pdf 23
Airline Profitability Details Why Airlines Aren't Profitable By Greg McFarlane Updated September 02, 2014 http://www.investopedia.com/stock-analysis/031714/why-airlines-arent-profitable-dal-ual-aal-luv-jblu.aspx 2nd Quarter 2015 Airline Financial Data http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/press_releases/bts044_15 24
Transparency is #1 Aviation Impediment Data Silos, Situational Awareness, Interoperability IoT can provide shared, real time awareness & coordination Historical Data Silos have made for a Dysfunctional Ecosystem Improvement happens at the Interface between Ecosystem Partners? $ AIRCRAFT DATA TECH OPS CREW DATA PASSENGERS AIRPORT DATA