Polyamide 12 as Liner Material in Pipelines Osvaldo Gotera, Dr. Daniel Demicoli, Jürgen Franosch Evonik s 6 th Oil & Gas Symposium Houston, the 4 th of October 2016
Problem Statement How to cost effectively protect and extend the operational life of pipelines used to transport high temperature hydrocarbons and other corrosive liquids, gases and slurry mixtures? Possible solutions include: Special alloys Corrosion inhibitors Polyamide 12 liners th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 2
Evonik is Experienced > 160 years Specialty Chemicals > 80 years Polymers ~ 70 years Product Pipeline Operations ~ 50 years Specialty Polyamides (VESTAMID - PA12) 2007 More than 200 million cars built with VESTAMID (PA12) fuel lines!!! 4 th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 3
Cost Driven Performance Driven Evonik s High Performance Polymers Portfolio = Polymers from Evonik = semifinished products from Evonik High-performance polymers PEI PI PAI PPSU PMI PEEK FPs LCP PPA VESTAMID NRG series based on PA12 formulated for oil and gas applications: NRG 1001 for Flexibles NRG 2101 Yellow for Gas Pipes NRG 3000 Series for Liners NRG 4901 Black as Encasements PMMI PES PSU PPS PA 1012 PA4.6 PA12 PA11 PAR Transp. PA PA 1010 PA612 Engineering polymers PMMA PC PPE PA 610 PET PBT PA6 / PA66 POM PUR Commodity polymers PVC ABS PS SAN PE PE-LD PP PE-HD amorphous crystalline 4 th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 4
High Performance Polymers for the Oil & Gas Industry Oil & Gas Applications Onshore Offshore Subsea Gas Separation Membranes Steel Pipe Protection PA 12 Flexibles PA 12, PEEK, Gas Pressure Pipes PA12 KOWind Composites PA12, PEEK PVDF Liner PA12, PEEK Steel Pipe Protection PA12 Gas Separation Membranes Turbine Blades blades ROHACELL Rohacell Liner PA 12, PEEK Downhole Liner PEEK, PEEK PPA, PA Commercial Umbillicals Umbilicals PA12/PVDF Market Introduction MLT MLT th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 5
VESTAMID NRG (PA12) High molecular weight for improved processing and performance Advantages of PA 12 High chemical resistance Exceptional notched impact strength Excellent resistance to stress cracking Low water absorption Very high fatigue resistance No slow crack growth Good processability! Pipe OD 10 to 500 mm VESTAMID NRG 2101 yellow Innovation to increase the melt viscosity of PA12 makes large diameter tubes and pipes possible th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 6
VESTAMID NRG Liners for Pipelines Key Considerations VESTAMID NRG liners grant a second life to mature infrastructure VESTAMID NRG liners can tolerate corrosive environments VESTAMID NRG liners are more reliable than other polymer liners VESTAMID NRG liners lower OPEX by eliminating need for corrosion inhibitors VESTAMID NRG liners can result in substantial CAPEX savings versus corrosion resistant alloys & clad pipes PA12 lined Carbon Steel Pipe th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 7
VESTAMID NRG Improves Liner Reliability Low swelling in oil High mechanical strength after saturation in oil th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 8
VESTAMID NRG Liners Application Range PA12 extends the viable applications envelope: Higher pressures Increased gas content Elevated temperatures Higher aromatic content H2S and CO2 th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 9
VESTAMID NRG Liners Service life under demanding sour conditions Lifetime estimates for VESTAMID NRG liners in water Temp [ C] Sour gas ph 3.6 to 3.8 Neutral ph 5.9 to 6.3 80 15 yr 20 yr 70 25 yr 35 yr 60 > 50 yr > 50 yr 50 > 50 yr > 50 yr Medium: de-ionised water with P CO2 = 0 bar & 10 bar th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 10
VESTAMID NRG Liners stand up to abrasive media ~ 45% lower wear of PA12 means significantly longer liner life compared to PE liner 100 90 80 70 WEAR [ Mg ] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 VESTAMID PA12 PE 100 th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 11 test performed by Technische Universität Clausthal, Germany, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
VESTAMID NRG Liners lower gas permeation Better corrosion protection Pipeline venting frequency reduced Improved collapse resistance Permeability of Methane Gas PA 12 NRG HDPE Gas T C ( F) P Coef P Coef 20 (68) 1.29E-09 0.63 E-08 CH 4 40 (104) 3.40E-09 1.6 E-08 60 (140) 1.01E-08 3.8 E-08 80 (176) 2.60E-08 12 E-08 th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 12
VESTAMID NRG Liners increase collapse resistance Critical Buckling Pressure of a 4 SDR 21 liner in oil saturated condition: Material Temperature Critical Buckling Pressure PE 100 60 C 8.2 bar PA 12 60 C 18.5 bar PA 12 100 C 13.5 bar Validation with aditional FEM simulation th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 13
VESTAMID NRG Liners reduce BTEX emissions VESTAMID NRG addresses the environmental issue of BTEX permeation 90 80 40 C 60 C P [g x mm / m² x d] 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 BTX Permeation is a factor of 150 lower compared to PE-HD at 40 C BTX Permeation is a factor of 40 lower compared to PE-HD at 60 C 0 Vestamid NRG 3001 PE100 th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 14
VESTAMID NRG Liner Installation Liner is reduced in diameter via Roller Box or Die reduction method. The reduced liner is pulled into the host steel pipe The pulling tension is released and the liner recovers its dimension creating a tight fit against the host steel pipe. End connections are installed th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 15
VESTAMID NRG Liners A typical project: Lasting Corrosion Protection Application Sour gas & condensate service H2S concentration up to 25 Volume % Operating temperatures up to 50 C Key issues addressed HDPE liner collapsed due to Permeation and Swelling. With PA12 liners there is: Lower permeation of gases Very little hydrocarbon created swelling No loss of mechanical strength VESTAMID NRG Value proposition Trouble free corrosion protection in harsh conditions Long life collapse resistant liner installation Page 16
VESTAMID NRG Liners Reliability in harsh conditions Low swelling in oil Maintained mechanical strength after saturation in oil Low gas permeation Improved collapse resistance th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 17
Evonik s 6 th Oil & Gas Symposium Questions? 4 th of October 2016 Polyamide 12 as Liner in Pipelines Page 18
This information and all technical and other advice are based on Evonik s present knowledge and experience. However, Evonik assumes no liability for such information or advice, including the extent to which such information or advice may relate to third party intellectual property rights. Evonik reserves the right to make any changes to information or advice at any time, without prior or subsequent notice. Evonik disclaims all representations and warranties, whether express or implied, and shall have no liability for, merchantability of the product or its fitness for a particular purpose (even if Evonik is aware of such purpose), or otherwise. Evonik shall not be responsible for consequential, indirect or incidental damages (including loss of profits) of any kind. It is the customer s sole responsibility to arrange for inspection and testing of all products by qualified experts. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor an endorsement of the corresponding product, and does not imply that similar products could not be used.