Delays decreased in September 2012, with airline delay data for all causes showing an average delay per delayed flight of 25 minutes, this was a decrease of 9% in comparison to the delays observed in September 2011.
FOREWORD This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines. The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex 1. Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time. This report discusses delays from all-causes; for information regarding ATFCM delays see the complementary reports available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting Table of Contents 1. Headlines and Overview.... 3 2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary... 6 3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary... 10 4. Summary of Significant Events in September 2012....12 5. Scheduling Indicators... 12 A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators... 15 B. Busiest Airport pairs... 16 C. All-causes departure delay by hour... 17 D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports... 18 E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations... 19 F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)... 20 G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)... 22 H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation... 23 I. September 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region.... 24 2012 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL) This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. It may be copied in whole or in part provided that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and to the extent justified by the non-commercial use (not for sale). The information in this document may not be modified without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL. The use of this document is at the user s sole risk and responsibility. EUROCONTROL expressly disclaims any and all warranties with respect to any content within the document, express or implied. Central Office for Delay Analysis EUROCONTROL 96 Rue de la Fusée B - 1130 Brussels The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91 Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04 E-Mail : coda@eurocontrol.int Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda Date of publication of this issue: 12/11/2012 EUROCONTROL 2 CODA
1. Headlines and Overview. September 2012 saw a reduction in all causes of delay when compared to September 2011. Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on 4 th and 7 th of September impacted Frankfurt airport with an estimated 1,000 cancelled flights. Lisbon experienced delays from ATC and capacity delays. London Heathrow, Frankfurt, Palma de Mallorca, Manchester and Amsterdam airports saw delays from weather, predominantly high winds, rain and thunderstorm activity. The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) for departure traffic decreased by 3 minutes to 25.3 minutes per flight. In regard to arrival delay, this fell by 2 minutes per flight. The percentage of flights delayed (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 4 percentage points to 35.3% on departure and by 4 percentage points for arrivals to 33%. Figure 1. Average Delay per Delayed Departure and Percentage of Delayed Departures Comparison Figure 2. Average Delay per Delayed Arrival and Percentage of Delayed Arrivals Comparison EUROCONTROL 3 CODA
Analysis of the delay causes contributing to the September 2012 average delay per flight of 9 minutes (Figure 3) shows a decrease in the contribution of reactionary delay, this was down from 4.8 to 4.1 minutes per flight. Airline related delay remained at a stable level of 2.9 minutes per flight. ATFM en-route related delays decreased by 56% to 0.5 minutes per flight in comparison to 1.1 minutes per flight in September 2011. Note: IATA Delay Code 19 (Passengers with Reduced Mobility) is included in airline grouping Figure 3. Primary delay causes, September 2011 vs. September 2012 Figure 4. Primary delay causes, September 2012 EUROCONTROL 4 CODA
Figure 5. ATFM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay. Looking further into the history of the ATFM proportion of primary delay (Figure 5), the en-route percentage share of the total primary delay minutes was 9.9%, this was the lowest share noted since August 2009. The share of ATFM airport delay decreased by 1 percentage point, ATFCM airport delay minutes also fell by 24% (Figure 4). EUROCONTROL 5 CODA
2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary 1 The average delay per flight from all causes of delay decreased compared to September 2011 by 17%, to 9 minutes per flight (Figure 6). In September 2012, 45% of flights departed within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time. Flights departing >5 minutes ahead of schedule increased by 2 points to 20% (Figure 7) Figure 6. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures Figure 7. All-Causes Departure Punctuality 2011 vs. 2012 1 A flight is considered delayed as from 5 minutes. The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes. EUROCONTROL 6 CODA
Figure 8. Long departure delays >120 minutes Figure 9. Primary and reactionary all-cause delay, by IATA code (%) Figure 9 shows that: Reactionary delay and Technical and Aircraft Equipment saw a decrease in their contribution to the average delay per flight in minutes but their overall share of delay slightly increased compared to the same period as last year. ATFM En-Route Demand/Capacity delay contribution decreased when compared to September 2011 (0.4 minutes per flight and 3 percentage points). The link from these categories to IATA codes is summarised in Figure 17. EUROCONTROL 7 CODA
Figure 10. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports September 2012 Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code Average Delay per Departure (mins) Average Delay per Flight Percentage Change (vs. Sep 2011) Average Delay per Delayed Departure Percentage Delayed Departures 1 LISBON LPPT 19.3 11% 32.1 59.9% 2 MANCHESTER EGCC 17.6 15% 38.0 46.3% 3 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 12.9 4% 28.7 44.9% 4 ANTALYA LTAI 12.2-27% 29.6 41.3% 5 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 12.2-19% 23.5 51.9% 6 IBIZA LEIB 11.9-19% 33.2 35.8% 7 ALICANTE LEAL 11.7-6% 27.9 42.1% 8 PALMA DE MALLORCA LEPA 11.7-21% 26.9 43.3% 9 MALAGA LEMG 11.2 17% 29.2 38.3% 10 ZURICH LSZH 10.8 3% 19.1 56.5% 11 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 10.7-17% 23.6 45.5% 12 VENEZIA TESSERA LIPZ 10.7-20% 28.7 37.2% 13 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 10.3-5% 20.8 49.8% 14 PARIS CH DE GAULLE LFPG 10.0-25% 21.0 47.5% 15 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 9.9-13% 28.3 35.0% 16 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 9.8-15% 26.8 36.7% 17 DUESSELDORF EDDL 9.8-22% 21.2 46.1% 18 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 9.6-21% 25.3 37.9% 19 NICE LFMN 9.4-23% 24.3 38.8% 20 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 9.2-43% 24.0 38.3% Figure 11. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports Lisbon Airport noted the highest departure delay with an average delay per flight of 19 minutes, this was an 11% increase with flights being affected by en-route ATC staffing delays. Manchester saw delays from arrival weather restrictions (strong winds and low visibility) affecting flights to Heathrow, as well as reactionary delays (see Figure 15). EUROCONTROL 8 CODA
Figure 12. All-Causes delay situation for the 20 most affected airport pairs September 2012 Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Average Delay Per Departure (mins) Average Delay per Flight Percentage Change (vs Sep 2011) Average Delay Per Delayed Departure Percentage Delayed Departures 1 MALAGA LONDON/GATWICK 21.9 48% 37.7 58.1% 2 LISBON AEROPORTO DA MADEIRA 21.6 68% 35.9 60.3% 3 LISBON BARCELONA 21.0 24% 38.3 54.9% 4 LISBON PORTO 19.7 2% 31.4 62.8% 5 LISBON LONDON/HEATHROW 19.6 25% 30.9 63.4% 6 PALMA DE MALLORCA LONDON/GATWICK 18.8 2% 33.9 55.6% 7 LONDON/HEATHROW LISBON 18.8 29% 32.3 58.2% 8 BARCELONA LISBON 17.6 17% 37.2 47.4% 9 LONDON/GATWICK MALAGA 17.1 45% 28.6 59.7% 10 NEW YORK LONDON/HEATHROW 17.1 36% 37.2 45.9% 11 ROME FIUMICINO LONDON/HEATHROW 16.9 14% 25.5 66.1% 12 ROME FIUMICINO MADRID BARAJAS 16.8-32% 27.5 61.1% 13 AEROPORTO DA MADEIRA LISBON 16.4 52% 36.7 44.6% 14 LONDON/GATWICK PALMA DE MALLORCA 15.6 29% 30.5 51.3% 15 LONDON/HEATHROW MADRID BARAJAS 15.5-31% 23.5 66.1% 16 FARO LONDON/GATWICK 14.9 35% 29.1 51.2% 17 LISBON MADRID BARAJAS 14.5-1% 26.6 54.6% 18 LONDON/HEATHROW ROME FIUMICINO 14.2-17% 22.2 64.1% 19 PORTO LISBON 14.1 17% 30.9 45.8% 20 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 13.0 15% 28.5 45.5% The Top 20 Most-Affected Airport Pairs shows that flights from and to Lisbon Airport suffered from the en-route ATC staffing delays and reactionary delays. Flights arriving at Heathrow also experienced delays predominantly from weather, mainly high winds and low visibility affecting arrival traffic (Figure 16). EUROCONTROL 9 CODA
3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary 2 The average delay per flight on arrival from all causes decreased from 10.7 to 8.7 minutes per flight, a 19% decrease. see Figure 13. Regarding arrival punctuality, 27% of flights arrived on time (less than 5 minutes before or after the scheduled arrival time). The percentage of flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule was 10%, this was a slight increase when compared to September 2011. Figure 13. Average delay per flight (all-causes) for Arrivals Figure 14. All-Causes arrival punctuality 2011 vs. 2012 2 The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes. EUROCONTROL 10 CODA
Figure 15. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports September 2012 Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code Average Delay per Arrival (mins) Average Delay per Flight Percentage Change (vs Sep 2011) Average Delay per Delayed Arrival Percentage Delayed Arrivals 1 MANCHESTER EGCC 18.0 7% 44.4 40.5% 2 LISBON LPPT 17.2 12% 34.0 50.5% 3 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 13.7-2% 34.9 39.2% 4 ANTALYA LTAI 12.6-25% 29.8 42.3% 5 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 11.8-43% 27.9 42.5% 6 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 10.5-21% 28.5 36.9% 7 DUBLIN EIDW 10.5 10% 33.1 31.7% 8 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 9.9-14% 30.0 33.1% 9 KOELN-BONN EDDK 9.7-21% 25.3 38.3% 10 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 9.7-8% 25.2 38.4% 11 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 9.6-19% 30.6 31.2% 12 PALMA DE MALLORCA LEPA 9.5-22% 26.2 36.3% 13 IBIZA LEIB 9.5-21% 28.7 33.2% 14 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 9.4-15% 30.6 30.6% 15 STUTTGART EDDS 9.3 11% 26.1 35.7% 16 BARCELONA LEBL 9.1-23% 27.8 32.9% 17 ALICANTE LEAL 8.8-20% 27.5 32.0% 18 MALAGA LEMG 8.8 5% 28.7 30.5% 19 NICE LFMN 8.7-18% 24.6 35.6% 20 EDINBURGH EGPH 8.7 12% 24.2 36.0% Figure 16. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports When analysing the Top 20 affected arrival airports; Manchester was affected by weather delays on arrival. Lisbon saw a 18 minute average delay per flight. A high share of reactionary delay was observed at Lisbon, following ATC staffing delays that affected flights earlier in the day. London Heathrow saw a large share of weather related delay. (Figure 16). EUROCONTROL 11 CODA
Figure 17. Link between CODA Causes and IATA delay codes. Primary Delay Causes CODA CAUSE Airline Airport Description IATA Code Passenger and Baggage 11 19 Cargo and Mail 21 29 Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 39 Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 49 Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 58 Flight Operations and Crewing 61 69 Other Airline Related Causes Others ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport 83 Airport Facilities 87 Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88 Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89 ATFM due to ATC En Route Demand / Capacity 81 En Route ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En Route 82 Governmental Security and Immigration 85 86 Weather (other than ATFM) 71 79 Weather ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98 99 Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91 96 4. Summary of Significant Events in September 2012. Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on the 4 th and 7 th September estimated 1000 flights cancelled. 26 th September Greek ATC strike and an exceptional power cut that triggered a radar failure on 29 th affected Athens. Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations at Frankfurt, London Heathrow, Palma and Amsterdam Schiphol. Southerly winds at Istanbul Ataturk limited the use of the optimum runway configuration Environmental constraints at Zurich airport restricted the use of the optimum runway configuration EUROCONTROL 12 CODA
5. Scheduling Indicators Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of arrival, they cause reactionary delays. The first of the new CODA Scheduling indicators is the Block Time Overshoot (BTO). This indicator describes the percentage of flights with an actual block time that exceeds the scheduled block time. In September 2012 the BTO increased by 1 point to 29% when compared to September 2011. This indicates that less flights had an actual block time exceeding the scheduled block time. In comparison to August 2012 the BTO increased by 3 percentage points. Figure 18. Block Time Overshoot (BTO). EUROCONTROL 13 CODA
The second of the new indicators is the Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F). This shows the difference between arrival and departure punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes. The DDI-F on European flights in September 2012 was -3.7 minutes per flight, this was a small increase in comparison to September 2011, where the DDI-F was -3.1 minutes per flight. Figure 19. Delay Difference Indicator Flight (DDI-F) EUROCONTROL 14 CODA
A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 65% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in September 2012. Figure 20. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right) Figure 21. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right) Figure 22. Percentage of flights delayed > 15mins for all-causes (departures left, arrivals right) EUROCONTROL 15 CODA
B. Busiest Airport pairs Figure 23. Busiest airport pairs for flights in September 2012 Rank Between airport and airport 1 ISTANBUL-ATATURK IZMIR-ADNAN- MENDERES Flights/Day SEP12 Change since SEP11 (%) 64.0 15% 2 TOULOUSE BLAGNAC PARIS ORLY 57.1 2% 3 MADRID BARAJAS BARCELONA 57.0-29% 4 TRONDHEIM/VAERNES OSLO/GARDERMOEN 56.0 2% 5 BERGEN/FLESLAND OSLO/GARDERMOEN 53.2-8% 6 NICE PARIS ORLY 51.1 5% 7 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANTALYA 50.4 2% 8 STAVANGER/SOLA OSLO/GARDERMOEN 49.5 0% 9 ROME FIUMICINO MILANO LINATE 48.9-3% 10 PALMA DE MALLORCA BARCELONA 41.9-16% 11 CATANIA FONTANAROSSA ROME FIUMICINO 41.9-3% 12 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANKARA-ESENBOGA 40.0 2% 13 GUERNSEY JERSEY 39.3-13% 14 FRANKFURT MAIN TEGEL-BERLIN 39.2-6% 15 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 38.9 11% 16 DUESSELDORF MUENCHEN 2 38.8-5% 17 MUENCHEN 2 TEGEL-BERLIN 38.4-9% 18 HAMBURG MUENCHEN 2 38.3-7% 19 LAS PALMAS TENERIFE NORTE 36.7-22% 20 LONDON/HEATHROW SCHIPHOL AMSTERDAM 36.6 1% In September 2012 there were 3% fewer flights in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA) than in September 2011. Istanbul Ataturk to Izmir was the busiest airport pairing in September, with this city pair seeing an increase in the number of flights of 15%. Madrid to Barcelona and Palma de Mallorca to Barcelona saw decreases of 29% and 16% respectively. EUROCONTROL 16 CODA
C. All-causes departure delay by hour This annex summarises the all-cause delay by hour of the day and major causes. Figure 24. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day September 2012. Figure 25. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day September 2011. EUROCONTROL 17 CODA
D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports For airports with an average of more than 80 departures a day, this annex summarises the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) on departure and percentage of flights delayed (PDF) on departure in the month. Figure 26. ADD vs. PDF September 2012 (2012 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled) Figure 27. ADD vs. PDF September 2011 (2011 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled) EUROCONTROL 18 CODA
E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations Delay Parameter Abbreviations TTF TRF TDF PRF PDF TDM ADM ADR ADD Total Flights Total Regulated Flights Total Delayed Flights Percentage of Regulated Flights Percentage of Delayed Flights Total Delay in Minutes Average Delay per Movement Average Delay per Regulated Flight Average Delay per Delayed Flight Glossary of Terms ACC AEA AHM ATFM ATFCM ATS BTO CODA DDI-F DNM NMOC ECAC FDPS FMP IACA IATA Area Control Centre Association of European Airlines Airport Handling Manual Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes) Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function) Air Traffic Services Block Time Overshoot Central Office for Delay Analysis Delay Difference Indicator - Flight Directorate Network Management NM Operations Centre (Network Manager) European Civil Aviation Conference Flight Data Processing System Flow Management Position International Air Carrier Association International Air Transport Association EUROCONTROL 19 CODA
F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730) Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility. Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only) Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest, etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS. Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing, collision during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage, contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM EUROCONTROL 20 CODA
Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or entire crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS ATFM + AIRPORT + GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area 83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION AIRPORT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather 3, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above SOURCE: IATA Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731) 3 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO) EUROCONTROL 21 CODA
G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731) 73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS 81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEINGS Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW R OTHER 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. Z LACK OF PARKING STANDS Y RAMP CONGESTION X LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER L GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE K NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION J BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM H LATE OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather. Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U ATC DUE TO DE-ICING T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K START-UP/PUSHBACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS EUROCONTROL 22 CODA
H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation Reason for Regulation ATC capacity ATC Ind action CORRELATION BETWEEN IATA DELAY CODES AND THE CFMU REASONS FOR REGULATION CFMU IATA CODE Regulation Location Example CODE Delay Cause C D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE C E Demand exceeds the capacity 81 ATFM due to ATC ENROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY C A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT I D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE I E Controller's strike 82 ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT ENROUTE I A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT ATC Routeings R E Phasing in of new procedures 81 ATFM due to ATC ENROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY S D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE ATC Staffing ATC equipment Accident / Incident S E Illness, traffic delays on the highway 82 ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT ENROUTE S A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT T D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE T E Radar failure, RTF failure 82 ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT ENROUTE T A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT A D RWY23 closed due to accident 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE A A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT Aerodrome capacity G D Lack of parking; taxiway closure; areas closed for maintenance; 87 AIRPORT FACILITIES G A demand exceeds the declared airport capacity 87 AIRPORT FACILITIES De-Icing D D De-icing 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE Equipment non-atc E D Runway or taxiway lighting failure 87 AIRPORT FACILITIES E A 87 AIRPORT FACILITIES Ind Action non-atc N D Firemen's strike 98 INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE N A 98 INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE M D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE Military activity M E Brilliant Invader; ODAX 82 ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT ENROUTE M A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT Special Event P D European football cup; Heads of Government meetings 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE P A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT W D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE Weather W E Thunderstorm; low visibility; X winds 73 WEATHER EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE W A 84 ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION Environmental issues V D Noise 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE V A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT O D 89 RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE Other O E Security alert 81 ATFM due to ATC ENROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY O A 83 ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT EUROCONTROL 23 CODA
I. September 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region. EUROCONTROL 24 CODA