32nd Annual International Bridge Conference (IBC 2015)

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32nd Annual International Bridge Conference (IBC 2015) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 7-11 June 2015 ISBN: 978-1-5108-1304-5

Printed from e-media with permission by: Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version. Copyright (2015) by the Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania All rights reserved. Printed by Curran Associates, Inc. (2015) For permission requests, please contact the Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania at the address below. Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Engineers Building 337 Fourth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222 Phone (412) 261-0710 Fax: (412) 261-1606 eswp@eswp.com Additional copies of this publication are available from: Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2634 Email: curran@proceedings.com Web: www.proceedings.com

OFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE 32 nd ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE CONFERENCE June 7 11, 2015 David L. Lawrence Convention Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Table of Contents Conference Executive Committee... Page 3 Previous General Chairmen... Page 4 Previous Featured Agencies... Page 5 IBC Awards... Page 6 2016 Information... Page 12 Proceedings Order Form... Page 13 Technical Program Directory by Author Last Name... Page 14 Technical Sessions ABC I... Page 25 ABC II... Page 38 Construction... Page 27 Design I... Page 28 Design II... Page 35 Design III... Page 37 Emergency Response... Page 32 Evaluation/Analysis/Inspection... Page 36 Featured Country... Page 22 Innovative Materials... Page 34 Keynote... Page 21 Long Span I... Page 24 Long Span II... Page 29 Pennsylvania P3 Session... Page 21 Poster... Page 41 Proprietary... Page 23 Rail Bridges I... Page 30 Rail Bridges II... Page 40 Rehabilitation/Historic Preservation... Page 39 Rehabilitation/Perseveration I... Page 26 Rehabilitation/Perseveration II... Page 31 Rights to reprint articles in this publication may be granted, provided that: written permission from the author and a statement of the prospective author s intent are received by the IBC and that the IBC grants written permission to the prospective publisher. The opinions and findings expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the International Bridge Conference or the Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania. Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania Sponsored by Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania Incorporated 1880 2

Pennsylvania P3 Session IBC 2015 Technical Program by Session Keynote 21

Featured Country - Taiwan... 60... 71... 84... 90... 99 22

Proprietary IBC 15-01... 106 IBC 15-02... 115 IBC 15-03... 122 IBC 15-04... 130 IBC 15-05... 134 IBC 15-06... 140 IBC 15-ProprietaryReserve... 151 23

Long Span I IBC 15-07... 157 IBC 15-08... 166 IBC 15-09 (New)... 177 IBC 15-10... 184 IBC 15-11... 187 IBC 15-12... 196 24

ABC I IBC 15-13 IBC 15-14... 206... 219 IBC 15-15... 227 IBC 15-16... 236 IBC 15-17... 243 IBC 15-18... 250 25

Rehabilitation/Perseveration I IBC 15-19... 261 IBC 15-20... 273 IBC 15-21... 280 IBC 15-22... 291 IBC 15-23... 297 IBC 15-24... 304 26

Construction IBC 15-25... 316 IBC 15-26... 322 IBC 15-27... 329 IBC 15-28... 335 IBC 15-29... 343 IBC 15-30... 354 27

Design I IBC 15-31... 363 IBC 15-32... 373 IBC 15-33... 382 IBC 15-34... 384 IBC 15-35... 396 IBC 15-Design1Reserve... 400 28

Long Span II IBC 15-36... 411 IBC 15-37... 426 IBC 15-38... 435 IBC 15-39... 444 IBC 15-40... 455 29

Rail Bridges I IBC 15-41... 464 IBC 15-42... 468 IBC 15-43... 476 IBC 15-44... 487 IBC 15-45... 493 30

Rehabilitation/Preservation II IBC 15-46... 497 IBC 15-47... 509 IBC 15-48... 517 IBC 15-49... 521 IBC 15-50... 529 IBC 15-Rehab/Preserv2Reserve NOT AVAILABLE AT TIME OF PUBLICATION 31

Emergency Response IBC 15-51... 552 IBC 15-52... 563 IBC 15-53... 571 IBC 15-54... 579 IBC 15-55... 587 IBC 15-56... 591 32

Emergency Response - Continued IBC 15-57... 605 IBC 15-58... 616 33

Innovative Materials IBC 15-59... 628 IBC 15-60... 636 IBC 15-61... 642 IBC 15-62... 650 IBC 15-63... 658 IBC 15-64 (New)... 669 34

Design II IBC 15-65... 677 IBC 15-66... 691 IBC 15-67... 702 IBC 15-68... 719 IBC 15-69... 726 IBC 15-70 (New)... 734 35

Evaluation/Analysis/Inspection IBC 15-71... 740 IBC 15-72... 750 IBC 15-SP... 758 IBC 15-74... 769 IBC 15-75... 777 IBC 15-76... 788 36

Design III IBC 15-77... 798 IBC 15-78... 812 IBC 15-79... 819 IBC 15-80... 829 IBC 15-81... 838 37

ABC II IBC 15-82... 848 IBC 15-83... 857 IBC 15-84... 865 IBC 15-85... 873 IBC 15-86... 881 IBC 15-ABC2Reserve NOT AVAILABLE AT TIME OF PUBLICATION 38

Rehabilitation/Historic Preservation IBC 15-87 NOT AVAILABLE AT TIME OF PUBLICATION IBC 15-88 IBC 15-89... 886... 899 IBC 15-90... 904 IBC 15-91... 913 IBC 15-HistoricPreservation/RehabReserve... 933 39

Rail Bridges II IBC 15-92 (New)Rail1Reserve... 943 IBC 15-93... 951 IBC 15-94... 957 IBC 15-95... 965 IBC 15-96... 973 40

Posters IBC POS-01 IBC POS-02 IBC POS-03 IBC POS-04 IBC POS-05 IBC POS-06... 983... 984... 985... 986... 987... 988 IBC POS-07... 989 IBC POS-08... 990 41