The Giant Jetliner A380 CHOONG-SIK SUH Case Study Meeting Sejong Univ, May 11th, 2005
Contents General Introduction Configuration Analysis Questions
Motivation For The Development Large transports account for Civil air transport will keep increasing at 5% per annum until 2018 25% 13% Airbus Predictions Boeing Predictions
Motivation For The Development Airbus Commercial Plan Boeing Commercial Plan Focus on hub-to-hub connections Focus on point-to-point connections Syracuse Nantes Syracuse Nantes cincinnati JFK PARIS Lyon JFK PARIS Charlotte Marseilles cincinnati Lyon Charlotte Marseilles
Timeline of A380 A3XX Launch Production Maiden Flight Airline Service Development Costs $12 billions A380 Costs $280 millions B747-400 Costs $210 millions 1994 2000 2002 2005 2006
Maiden Flight Date : April 27 th, 2005 Location : Toulouse,France
Why is she called A380? A350 A380? HOW COME?.
Performance & Dimensions & Weight & Other Data A380 B744 Remark Crusing Speed 0.85 0.85 Same Range (km) 14,800 13,400 +10% Empty Weight(kg) 277,000 181,000 +53% MTOW (kg) 560,000 363,000 +54% Capacity (3 class) 555 410 +35% Length (m) 73 71 +2m Wing Span (m) 79.8 64.44 +15m Height (m) 24 19.4 +5m
Nose Fuselage Dimensions A380 A340 A320
Economic Size B747-400 290 pax 70% 123pax Break-even point A380 passengers Break-even point 323 pax 58% 232 pax 109 Additional profit potential 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Operating costs of the A380 are 17% lower per seat than those of the 747-400 (15~20% lower seat-mile costs than other aircrafts)
Powerplant Systems Rolls-Royce Trent 900 Four 84,000lb Turbofan B744 Rolls-Royce RB-211-524 60,000lb High by-pass ratio SFC ~ 0.51 lbm/hr*lbf (B744 ~ 0.33, B777 ~0.56) General Electric -Pratt & Whitney GP-7200 Four 81,500lb B744 P&W 4256 56,750lb GE CF6-80-C2B1Fs 61,500lb
Fuselage(Semi-Monocoque) MONO + COQUE 1 Truss + Monocoque Streamline Shape Pressure Dispersion
Aft Center of Gravity Relatively afterward C.G It allows to reduce area of horizontal stabilizer by 10% Weight Reduction
Wing Configuration Wing Area=5825ft2 3897 ft2, 56% Increase AR =7.53 7.7, 2.2% Decrease Span=261.65ft 211.8ft, 23% Increase LE Sweep =54 deg 47deg, more swept Taper Ratio=0.26 0.24 W/S = 135.7 lb/ft2 150.2 lb/ft2, 9.6% Decrease
Supercritical Airfoil Conventional Airfoil Supercritical Airfoil Seperated b.l Smaller seperated b.l Relatively flat top, negative camber of forward 60% Cusplike shape to get extream positive camber To delay and reduce the transonic drag rise To make shock wave weaker
80m Gate Box Limit FAA Airplane Design Group for Geometric Design of Airport Airplane Design Group Wingspan (ft) Up to 49 49-79 79-118 118-171 171-197 197-262 262 ft = 80m Runway width (ft) 100 100 100 150 150 200
The Drag Penalty Caused by 80m 80m Box Limit A380 should have had an AR of roughly 9.2 A380 AR is instead 7.53 The penalty in Induced Drag can be computed from Then So that
Effect of 80m Gate Box 25 AR 9.2 20 b=102.1m L/D 15 10 L/DMAX = 21.5 AR 7.53 b=79.8m L/DMAX =18.4 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Altitude 1000ft Increase in AR allows boost of L/D by 16.8%
Wingtip Fence A380-800 B747-400 Raked Winglet Blended Winglet
Stall Speed and CLmax A380 B777 B747 Stall Speed (km/h) 224 228 232 CLmax 2.6 2.8 2.8 Low Wing Loading (w/s) Lower Stall Speed A380 W/S = 135.7 lb/ft^2 B744 W/S = 150.2 lb/ft^2 Single Slotted Flap
Flaps & Slats Simple Single Slotted Flap Due to aerodynamic noise One segmented For B747-400, Triple Slotted Fowler Flap
Control Surfaces Conventional devices High-lift devices ~ 15 % of wing area Elavator ~ 27% of Sht Rudder ~ 17.2% of Svt Fly-by-wire More spoilers to dump lift
Wing Sweep Decreasing CDMAX LE Sweep Sweep c/4 Increasing stall angle of attack Decreasing critical Mach number Allowing wing tip stall A380 c/4 ~ 33.5 deg B744 c/4 ~ 37.5 deg
Taper Ratio Taper ratio of A380 ~ 0.26 Taper ratio of B744 ~ 0.24 Taper Ratio = Ct / Cr Induced drag fator 0.16 AR 0.12 10 8 0.08 6 0.04 4 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Taper ratio Lower wing weight Increased fuel volume Bigger space of landing gear. keep the taper ratio as small as possible
Wing Root Fillet Fairing A streamlined cover which connects wing with fusulage To pass the air flow smoothly To solve the buffeting problem To reduce interference drag Incurred additional weight
Conclusions A large size aircraft 80m gate box limit incuring more induced drag Advanced technology advanced materials Transfering many passensers at a time lower operating costs Good-bye B747
References http://www.boeing.com http://www.airbus.com http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/jetliner/a380/ http://popularmechanics.com/popmech/sci/0103stavam.html http://www.sae.org/aeromag/techupdate_6-99/06.htm http://www.eads-nv.com/sys/preview/gallery http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/frfotair http://www.flug-revue.rotor.com/frtypen/fotos/airbus http://www.aviationnow.com http://www.airliners.net http://www.flying4u.net/cam001_a380_03.htm http://www.aircraft-info.net/aircraft/jet_aircraft/airbus/a380 http://adg.stanford.ed/u/aa241/wingdesign/wingparams.html http://rclab.co.kr/theorylab/designperformance/chapter2.htm http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/lab/8803/fa3xx.htm p297~302 Flight International, 2-8 Jan. 2001, Number 4761, Volume 159 Aviation Week and Space Technology, Jan 1, 2001, Volume 154, Number 1 Kingsley-Jones. Market timing. Flight International, 2-8 January 2001. p. 62. Airbus tries new marketing approach with A380 designations. Flight International, 2-8 January 2001. p. 15. Cordle, Ina Paiva. Experts Defend Boeing, Question Viability of Airbus 800-Passenger Jumbo Jet. Knight-Ridder Business News, February 22, 2001. Via
Thanks and Any questions? Ask everything about A380 to Mr.suh
Expected Questions I got you ~ lol
Wake Vortex VORTEX ROLLING-UP UPWASH loss of loss altitude of altitude / rate / rate of climb of uncontrollable imb rolling moment DOWNWASH uncontrollable rolling mo ment
A380 Wake Vortex 0.10 induced rolling moment (-) 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 B747 approach speed 165 kts A380 0.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 span of follower aircraft (m) For small followers (< 25m span), the vortex of an A380 may be less dangerous than that of a B747
Airport Compatibility ICAO level F, FAA Airport congestion Airport facilities supplement Taxi-way, Run-way width Run-way pavement
Correlation with Korea K.A.I is producing the A380 wing bottom panel Service from the end of 2007