INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION PBN Airspace Concept ATS requirements Victor Hernandez RO ATM/SAR ICAO North America, Central America and Caribbean Regional Office 1
Gate to Gate concept Phases of flight (Doc 9854) AOM DCB TS AUO Planning Ramp Ramp Cruise Collection Landing Surface departures Departure SDM CM AO Surface arrival COMMUNICATION (COM) - NAVIGATION (NAV) - SURVEILLANCE (SUR) 2 2
FIR UTA CLASS A FL195 TMA CLASS D CTA CLASS E CTA CLASS E CTR CTR CTR CLASS G GND 3
GOLDEN RULES Main Traffic Flows International Domestic Airspace Volumes protect the IFR Flight paths. Designed AFTER the routes have been designed. Routes should not be designed so as to fit into pre-existing Airspace Volumes. Only delineate as much airspace volume as needed. 4
Global Traffic Flows 5
Main Traffic Flows in NAM/CAR/SAM Regions 6
PBN, regional implementation RNAV Routes application since 1950`s RNAV Route Implementation Program began in 1999 Parties involved: States, Airlines, IATA and ICAO 85% of the fleet has RNAV capabilities 2000-2010, more than 80 RNAV routes implemented 2011-2013, additional 15 RNAV routes implemented 7
Regional ATS route Network 8
WATRS Plus Project = RNP 10 9
Gulf of Mexico Project = RNP 10 10 10
Next? 11
MANUAL ON THE USE OF PBN IN AIRSPACE DESIGN Doc 9992 Iterations with PANS-OPS Design Routes & Holds 3 2 1 2 3 Iterations Design Structures & Sectors 12
Doc 4444 TMA - terminal control area A control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes. Terminal area surrounds an airport, and it is an airspace within which air traffic control service is provided. Such airspace predominantly contains traffic operating along Terminal Routes. The above description is aimed at including TMA, CTA, CTR, ATZ airspace classification or any other nomenclature used to describe the airspace around an airport. En-route TMA CTR 13
Link between airspace design & PBN Separation minima Configuration/proximity of ATS Routes (including SIDs, STARs and IFP) for an airspace organisation. Determined, but not exclusively, by area navigation system performance stipulated in the Navigation Specification (required for operation in an airspace). Accuracy Integrity Continuity 14
Lessons Airspace redesign due to complex airspaces, traffic grow and enhanced aircraft capabilities Apply Airspace Organization and Management (AOM) principles Improve airspace classification, ATM separations, procedures, vectoring Geometric Descents ToD in multiple sectors? Idle Descents Departure flow conflicts? Possible sector point-outs? Reinforce PBN Training specially for pilots and ATCOs Day by day operational application 15 15
Evolution of functions 16
ATC Sectorisation Upper ACC Sectors Upper ACC Sectors ACC S1 ACC S2 ACC S3 ACC Lower APP W APP APP E GEOGRAPHIC FUNCTIONAL 17
Annex 11, ATS Airspace Classes Services provided and flight requirements Class Type of flight Separation provided Service provided Speed limitation* Radio communication requirement Subject to an ATC clearance A IFR only All aircraft Air traffic control service Not applicable Continuous two-way Yes B C IFR All aircraft Air traffic control service Not applicable Continuous two-way Yes VFR All aircraft Air traffic control service Not applicable Continuous two-way Yes IFR IFR from IFR IFR from VFR Air traffic control service Not applicable Continuous two-way Yes VFR VFR from IFR 1) Air traffic control service for separation from IFR; 2) VFR/VFR traffic information (and traffic avoidance advice on request) 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL Continuous two-way Yes D IFR IFR from IFR Air traffic control service, traffic information about VFR flights (and traffic avoidance advice on request) 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL Continuous two-way Yes VFR Nil IFR/IFR and VFR/VFR traffic information (and traffic avoidance advice on request) 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL Continuous two-way Yes E IFR VFR IFR from IFR Nil Air traffic control service and, as far as practical, traffic information about VFR flights Traffic information as far as practical 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL Continuous two-way No Yes No F IFR IFR from IFR as far as practical Air traffic advisory service; flight information service VFR Nil Flight information service IFR Nil Flight information service 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL Continuous two-way 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL No No 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL Continuous two-way No No G VFR Nil Flight information service * When the height of the transition altitude is lower than 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL, FL 100 should be used in lieu of 10 000 ft. 250 kt IAS below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL No No 18
ATS Communication Radiotelephony and/or data link shall be used in air-ground communications for ATS purposes Doc 9869, RCP type associated to ATM function RCP type Transaction time (sec) Continuity (probability/ flight hour) Availability (probability/ flight hour) Integrity (acceptable rate/flight hour) RCP 10 10 0.999 0.9999 10-5 RCP 60 60 0.999 0.9999 10-5 RCP 120 120 0.999 0.9999 10-5 RCP 240 240 0.999 0.999 0.9999 * 10-5 RCP 400 400 0.999 0.999 10-5 *Support decision processes to ensure Safety or Efficiency objectives 19
20