Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 ( 2016 ) 650 655 CITIES 2015 International Conference, Intelligent Planning Towards Smart Cities, CITIES 2015, 3-4 November 2015, Surabaya, Indonesia Tourism development of historical riverbanks in Jatinom Village Rini Hidayati a*, Sudaryono b, Djoko Wijono b, Budi Prayitno b a Department of Architecture Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Jalan A.Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan Surakarta, Indonesia b Department of Architecture and Planning Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Grafika No.2 Bulaksumur Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract At Soka riverbanks, there are some archeological remain artifacts of the Jatinom village founding figure and an Islamic preacher. In the present, the area of Jatinom has been developed into a religious Tourism village although most pilgrims only come to the place at the tradition ceremony only. The study aims to develop the tourism of Jatinom by maximizing the potential of riverbanks condition. It employed a descriptive-qualitative approach.. The results show that the tourism development could be realized by combining a religious tourism with nature-based tourism, connecting the tourism objects through easy access, and improving the quality of landscape. 2016 The Authors. Published by by Elsevier Elsevier Ltd. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Peer-review (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). under responsibility of the organizing committee of CITIES 2015. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of CITIES 2015 Keywords: Historical riverbanks; tourism development; religious and nature-based tourism. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +62 8158931441; fax: +0-000-000-0000. E-mail address: rh215@ums.ac.id 1877-0428 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of CITIES 2015 doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.128
Rini Hidayati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 ( 2016 ) 650 655 651 1. Introduction 1.1. Background Soka River flows at the southern Jatinom village, Jatinon subdistrict, Klaten regency. The riverbank has historic values since there are the archeological remain artifacts of Ki Ageng Gribig, a founding figure and Islamic preacher. They are the open space as a place for sholat Id prayer, Grand Mosque, and grave of Ki Ageng Gribig, caves for mediation, and water sources for ritual ablution before prayers. In addition, on the riverbank there is a field, called Klampeyan where nowadays it is used for distributing apem (rice flour cake) to people at during the Saparan annual tradition ceremony inherited by Ki Ageng Gribig. Annually, it is held in the middle of Safar (Islamic calendar) and thousands of visitors from the villagers around Jatinom area come there. Many pilgrims visit the archeological remain artifacts of Ki Ageng Gribig during the Saparan month. Due to potential religious and cultural aspects, the Jatinom village is developed as a religious tourism destination (Hidayati, 2015). However, there is a problem because many pilgrims come there during the tradition event only; whereas many pilgrims come to the mosque and grave on nearly days so that the tourism activity merely seems to occur yearly. For this, it is necessary to develop other tourism activities so that the village can be visited by tourists daily. The activities should support existing tourisms such as religious and they should be based on a potential physic of the area. Therefore, it is essential to analyze a potential village of physical aspects such as natural condition and non-physical ones such as a potential village culture for exploring a sort of tourisms that can be integrated with existing tourisms. 1.2. Religion dan Nature-Based Tourism According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the term tourism is the humans activities of traveling or staying in a place outside their daily surroundings for pleasure, business, or other objectives (Stausberg, 2012). It is actually a complex term, social phenomenon locally, nationally, and internationally manifested in humans activities for a variety of objectives (Sharpley 2009). In relation to the effects of tourism activities on behavior and social values, Lickorish and Jenkins (1997) state that tourism is a total social event that causes a change in social structure in a community. A problem of tourism development focuses on how to match a potential contribution to negative consequence, or other words how to manage tourism development effectively (Sharpley, 2012). In terms of potency and problem of tourism development, Sharpley suggests that tourism takes a high impact on a socio-economic aspect but it causes a problem of keeping environmental quality. There are types of tourism such as religious. The term religious tourism is the activity of pilgrims travelling to both nearby and distant places (Stausberg, 2012). According Abumanssur (in Stausberg, 2012), religious tourism is a combination of tourism and religion in an event where it contains both religious and recreation aspects. The space used for religious tourism or religious space is referring to a confined space in a temple, sanctuary or other places for prayers or pilgrims travelling (ATLAS, 2003 in Ray and Morpeth, 2007). The religious spaces or sites can be a micro space such as grave, altar and a macro space such mountain, lake, man-made attraction such as temple and other worshiping buildings (Mazumdar and Mazumdar, 2004, in Seyer and Muller, 2011). The type of tourism mostly developed in recent years is a nature-based. It is considered as being profitable (Buckley, 2003). The tourism includes all types of tourisms where the character of natural environments is central to attraction, consisting of wildlife tourism, adventure, natural scenery, culture and farm, and so on. It is greater in proportion for global industry than other tourisms so that it is very potential to generate profits of socio-economic, cultural and environmental aspects (Pickering and Weaver, 2003). The difference between a nature-based tourism and other ones is related to a positive contribution to natural-environment conversation (Buckey, 2009). The plan and management of a natural-based tourism is increasingly mediated by sustainability paradigm. It can accommodate the objective of sustainability (Pickering and Weaver, 2003). 2. Method
652 Rini Hidayati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 ( 2016 ) 650 655 The object of this research is historical riverbanks in Jatinom village, with a focus on the development of tourism. It employed a descriptive-qualitative approach. Previously, preliminary study of the existing tourism activities is conducted to determine the problem. The result of the study shows that tourism activity merely seems to occur yearly during the Saparan tradition, so need the support of additional tourism activities. The next stage, research is conducted to find the type of tourism in accordance with the existing condition. Research begins with exploring the data of existing condition of the Soka riverbanks physically, distributions of artifacts, and available tourism activities. Data were analyzed qualitatively with variables of the characteristic of nature elements, feasibility of access and connectivity between attractions. This analysis aims to find the potencies in the region that could be developed for supporting existing tourisms and find the problems which must be solved for tourism development in the area. 3. Result and Discussions 3.1. Existing Condition Soka River flows at the southern Jatinom village The steep-sloped riverbanks of Soka own some wide-open spaces. There are some archeological remain artifacts of Ki Ageng Gribig, the Jatinom village founding figure and Islamic preacher. 1 2 4 7 3 5 6 8 1 2 3 4 Oro-oro Tarwiyah Great Mosque Klampeyan spring Klampeyan field 5 6 7 8 Suran mosque Suran spring Suran cave Belan cave Fig. 1. Distribution of artifacts along the river
Rini Hidayati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 ( 2016 ) 650 655 653 They are the open spaces (called Oro-oro Tarwiyah square) for sholat Id prayer. It is located at the western riverbanks of the village. The Grand Mosque and grave of Ki Ageng Gribig is situated at the riverbanks side. At the side, there are three caves: Suran, Jetis, and Belan. The people trust that the two caves (Suran and Belan) were used by Ki Ageng Gribig, but they do not know about the Jetis cave and its history. The Suran cave is a small hole while the Belan one is physically big and it consists of rooms inside it. Ki Ageng Gribig used the two caves for meditation. There are some water sources, big trees, and bamboo clusters at the riverbanks. The sources are the Klampeyan and Suran spring used for ritual ablution by Ki Ageng Gribig. The Suran spring is next to the Suran cave and praying room. The people trust that it can heal a disease so that many pilgrims take and drink it. Recently, the wideopen space (called Klampeyan field) has been useful for distributing rice cakes to thousands of visitors. Many visitors trust that the cakes will produce a blessing for their life. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Religious activity in Oro-oro Tarwiyah Distributing rice cakes for blessing Pilgrims drink water of Suran spring Pilgrimage to the Suran cave Fig. 2. The activities of pilgrims during the Saparan tradition 3.2. Combining Religious and Nature-Based Tourism Nowadays, the tourism in Jatinom village is central to an annually religious activity of pilgrimage and tradition. It is regarded as being ineffective so that it is essential to take an action in development of tourism destinations for increasing more tourists to visit them. Thus, it is necessary to develop a religious tourism based on the potential of riverbanks area. An analysis of nature physical condition at the Soka riverbanks show that the potencies which can be developed into a tourism destination or attraction are as follows: Wide-open space at the river side. It is used for the Saparan tradition ceremony and recreation activities such as camping and playing ground. The shallow river whose water does not flow heavily It is integrated with an open space that can be used for nature-recreation activities such as out bond. Leafy growing vegetations The leafy growing vegetations and a lot of bamboo clusters characterize a typically rural area that can be developed to support a nature recreation activity. Land contour There is a different high land that is integrated with a wide open space. It can be useful for recreation activities such as exhibition and entertainment that is closely associated with religious aspects so that they can support a religious tourism. Based on the analysis above, the Soka riverbanks can be useful for a religious tourism; it can be developed as a nature-based tourism where a nature environment is central to its attraction. It is hoped that it can develop other tourisms in the area. However, it is necessary to take steps in improvement so that the types of new tourism development will be more representative.
654 Rini Hidayati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 ( 2016 ) 650 655 3.3. The Interrelationships of Tourism Destinations Nowadays, a main problem of the tourists in Jatinom village is a location where they are difficult to arrive at some tourism destinations and among destinations are not facilitated by easily accessible routes. For example, the visitors can t come to three caves in the same route. In other words, for arriving at the places in the different ways, they have to go up and down through the residence on foot. Even, they seldom come to the Jetis cave because the route is hard to pass through. In a nature-based tourism development in addition to the existing religious tourism, the facility of the routes that connect one tourism destination and attraction to the other one can be synergized with nature-based tourism activities, therefore, the circulation route among the tourism destinations can be easily passed through and give some attractive adventure experience. Great mosque Klampeyan field Suran mosque Suran cave Jetis cave Belan cave Oro-oro Tarwiyah Klampeyan spring Soka river Suran spring 3.4.Improving a Landscape Quality of the Riverbanks The landscape area of the riverbank is dominated by big trees and bamboo clusters. For a nature-based tourism development, there must some great steps in high consideration. It is necessary to plant a variety of vegetations at the main circulation routes for providing shade and the river s side routes for keeping the land from erosion. In addition, it is necessary to plant a variety of vegetations that express a high aesthetic value and design various natural and man-made construction materials for sustaining lands in consideration with function, ecology, and aesthetic. 4. Conclusions Fig.3. The connectivity of tourism objects The Soka riverbank has a historic value since the existence of the archeological remain artifacts by the founding figure and Islamic preacher. Nowadays, it is developed as a religious tourism destination. The problem is that a lot of the tourists only come to the place during the Saparan annual tradition event so that it is necessary to develop other tourism activities for making the area attractive for more visitors. Based on the analysis, the type of tourism that appropriate to be developed is nature-based tourism, and the steps of development are follows : 1) creating tourism attractions based on the natural characteristic of the riverbanks; 2) creating comfortable, attractive adventure experience access; 3) strengthening the characteristic of the vegetation of the riverbanks.
Rini Hidayati et al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 227 ( 2016 ) 650 655 655 Acknowledgements The author would like to thanks to Murtaqi, the village s official of Jatinom and Daryanto as the manager of Ki Ageng Gribig s heritage protection association for the information and the people of Jatinom for help much in field work of this research. References Buckley, R.(2003), The Practice and Politics of Tourism and Land Management. In R.Buckley, C.Pickering & D.B.Weaver (Eds), Nature-Based Tourism, Environment, and Land Management. Cambridge :CABI Buckley, R. (2009), Ecotourism : Principles and Practices, Cambridge : CABI Hidayati, R.(2015), Study of Old Houses in Jatinom Village to Sustain Their Environment, Proceeding International Forum on Strategic Technology. Lickorish, L.J., & Jenkins, C.L. (1997), An Introduction to Tourism, Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann. Pickering, C., & Weaver, D.B.(2003). Nature-Based Tourism and Sustainability : Issue and Approach. In R.Buckley, C.Pickering & D.B.Weaver (Eds), Nature-Based Tourism, Environment, and Land Management. Cambridge :CABI Ray, R., & Morpeth, N.D. (2007). Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Festival Management, an International Perspective, Cambridge : CABI. Seyer, F.,& Muller, D.(2011). Religion Tourism : Niche or Mainstream? In A.Papathanassis (Ed). The Long Tail of Tourism : Holiday Niches and Their Impact on Mainstream Tourism. Gabler Verlag Springer Sharpley, R.(2009). Tourism Development and The Environment : Beyond Sustainability, London : Earthscan. Stausberg, M. (2012). Religion and Tourism : Crossroads, Destinations, and Encounters. Routledge.