EU transport, seaport and maritime policies Heading towards the same goal? UN ECE Workshop - Barcelona, 4 October 2007 1
Summary 1. Challenges of the port industry 2. EU policy requirements of seaports 3. EU maritime, transport and port policies 4. Conclusions 2
1. Challenges of the port industry 3
Accommodating growth mteus/year 2005 2010 2015 North Continent East Capacity 12.95 21.70 23.80 Demand 11.42 17.06 23.63 Utilisation 88.2 % 78.6 % 99.3 % North Continent West Capacity 24.18 45.64 51.14 Demand 18.52 25.41 32.89 Utilisation 76.6 % 74.5 % 64.3 % British Isles Capacity 11.54 16.79 19.43 Demand 8.98 12.08 15.91 Utilisation 77.8 % 72.0 % 81.9 % Scandinavia Capacity 5.13 6.56 6.51 Demand 3.63 4.35 5.05 Utilisation 70.7 % 66.3 % 77.5 % East Baltic Capacity 3.13 6.51 8.89 Demand 2.17 4.59 7.18 Utilisation 69.2 % 70.5 % 80.8 % Forecast Container Handling Supply / Demand Balance to 2015 Source: Ocean Shipping Consultants 4
mteus/year 2005 2010 2015 West Mediterranean Capacity Demand Utilisation 12.67 23.74 30.78 10.51 16.81 24.03 82.9 % 70.8 % 78.1 % Central Mediterranean Capacity 15.53 24.42 29.37 Demand Utilisation 12.06 18.18 26.32 77.7 % 74.5 % 89.6 % East Mediterranean and Black Sea Capacity 13.37 25.50 29.21 Demand Utilisation 12.30 21.22 32.83 92.0 % 83.2 % 112.4 % Forecast Container Handling Supply / Demand Balance to 2015 Source: Ocean Shipping Consultants 5
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Attracting investments APM Terminals Eurogate Hutchison Ports DP World PSA Corporation Rotterdam, Bremerhaven, Zeebrugge, Dunkirk, Aarhus, Algeciras, Gioia Tauro, Constantza, East Port Said, Tangiers Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Gioia Tauro, La Spezia, Livorno, Ravenna, Cagliari, Lisbon, Rijeka, Ust Luga, Tangiers Felixstowe, Thamesport, Rotterdam, Gdynia, Barcelona, Alexandria Southampton, Tilbury, Shellhaven, Antwerp, Le Havre, Marseilles, Constantza, Yarimca Antwerp, Zeebrugge, Flushing, Genoa, Venice, Mersin Presence of major container terminal operators in European and Mediterranean containerports early 2006 - Source: Ocean Shipping Consultants 7
Maersk (APM Terminals) Evergreen Cosco CMA/CGM MSC Rotterdam, Bremerhaven, Zeebrugge, Dunkirk, Arhus, Algeciras, Gioia Tauro, Constantza, East Port Said, Tangiers Taranto Antwerp, Naples, East Port Said Antwerp, Zeebrugge, Le Havre, Marseilles, Tangiers, Marsaxlokk Antwerp, Bremerhaven, Marseilles, Las Palmas, Valencia, Tangiers, Genoa, La Spezia, Naples, Venice, Ambarli Dedicated terminals of major container carriers - situation for European and Mediterranean Containerports early 2006 - Source: Ocean Shipping Consultants 8
Integrating ports in the logistics chain 9
Anchoring the port in the local community Notteboom paradox: the more international the maritime and port industry becomes, the more time port managers have to spend in embedding the port in the local community 10
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A changing role for port management Port authorities share basic public functions but re-assess their traditional authority role in view of common challenges: Mediating role of port authorities between commercial interests, local stakeholders and government Networking capabilities of port authorities Port authorities as active players in the supply chain Institutional reform takes place in many EU ports greater autonomy and more independence from (central / local) government Commercialisation, corporatisation or even privatisation of port authorities 12
2. EU policy requirements of seaports 13
Priority areas Stimulating growth by enhancing legal certainty: Removing uncertainty caused by environmental legislation Clarifying use of public financing (State aid) Clarifying market access and competition rules Help solving operational bottlenecks both within ports and the hinterland Stimulating corporate social responsibility by encouraging self-regulation Promoting an attractive image of seaports Ensuring overall competitiveness of EU ports: Fair competition with neighbouring ports outside EU Exploiting the potential of available know-how and innovation 14
3. EU transport, seaport and maritime policies 15
European transport policy Mid-term review 2001 White Paper Realistic expectations transport growth and modal shift Follow-up through EC publications October 2007: Common European Maritime Space Motorways of the Sea Logistics Action Plan Rail freight-oriented network 16
European seaport policy 2001-2006 Port services Directive saga 2006-2007 Consultation future EU port policy Broad range of themes aiming at a policy that promotes investments, sustainable growth and employment in the sector Communication expected 17 October 2007 Focus on: State aid guidelines Ports and the environment Social dialogue 17
European maritime policy Maritime policy Blue Paper Expected 10 October 2007 Cross-cutting actions: Maritime spatial planning Collective learning (port-city) Maritime tourism Climate change Careers and employment Socio-economic data Regulatory obstacles Sectoral actions: Maritime transport policy Port policy Ship emissions Outermost regions and islands European neighbourhood policy 18
4. Conclusions 19
A European policy framework for seaports can help ports in facing complex challenges Current patchwork of existing EU measures needs more coherent vision Conflicting policy objectives must be addressed Lessons must be learnt from past attempts (avoid confrontation, fragmentation, interventionism and one size fits all ) Current initiatives transport, port and maritime policies all have positive potential but may also contain some pitfalls Coordination at Commission level is essential ports need only one policy, not three 20