Luisa Venancio Integrated Planning Project Comuna 13 San Savier, Medellin, Colombia
Photo: https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2015/sep/19/medellin-colombia-city-not-dangerous-but-lively
Photo: http://flickr.com/photo/65092670@n00/1808992700 Colombia: democracy, postconflict with rebels linked to narcotraffic Medellin: 2.441.000 inhabitants Once known as the most violent city in the world (1991)
A city marked by conflict and violence Lack of trust in government 50% of the city: informal settlements Murder rate per 100 000 residents for Medellin and Colombia from 1975-2003.
How did it change? Sergio Farjado took office in 2004 Determined to turn the city around Transparency, dialogue Citizen participation Involvement of the scientific and business community
The concept was: give the most beautiful to the most humble. It implied a rupture with the idea that for the poor, whatever you give them is fine. We proposed that the best of society should be where the greatest needs are. Usually the poor are only given crumbs, but our proposal was to give them the best. We had to break away from this kind of thinking and show that there was another way. -- Sergio Fajardo, former Mayor of Medellin
Comuna 13 San Javier 140 000 residents 51 000 houses 74 200 Dunam Integrated Planning Project 2006-2011
Public Escalators US$5.5 millions Connects 12 000 residents to the rest of the transportation system Part of an integrated plan of in the entire neighborhood Photo: http://citiscope.org/story/2014/medellin-made-urban-escalators-famous-have-they-had-any-impact
Before: 357 steps, 20-60min After: entire ride takes under 4min Photo: http://citiscope.org/story/2014/medellin-made-urban-escalators-famous-have-they-had-any-impact
Escalator Project Impacts Shorter commute, less physical effort, better quality of life especially for elderly and disabled New public spaces (bottom and top of the escalators) Better image of the neighborhood, less stigma Residents feel sense of pride and belonging Strengthened community organization Employment: youth on surveillance team Photo: http://citiscope.org/story/2014/medellin-made-urban-escalators-famous-have-they-had-any-impact
Integrated Planning Social Community participates in every step (diagnosis, design, monitoring) Jobs and education opportunities Training Civic pacts Physical Public spaces and buildings (schools, libraries ) Housing Parks Transportation Institutional Coordination different actors and actions. Alliances with: Private sector National and international organizations Community organizations.
Preliminary Mapping Physical Cartography Problems and opportunities Road system Environmental aspects Risk mapping Public spaces Social Neighborhood organizations Relationships between neighborhoods Socio-economic dynamics How people related to space Important areas for socialization and economic activities Areas of gang violence
Planning Phase Teams of social workers, architects and engineers Gathered community organizations, NGOs, institutional leaders Community Committees Constant communication channel, meetings once a week Open for all citizens, free to enter or leave People were skeptical and angry. First, build trust.
Conception Phase Step 01 Participatory Mapping Walk in neighborhood with residents Stories, likes, dislikes Identification of projects Community Committees Consultation and validation Decides on priorities and order of execution
Conception Phase Step 02 Imagination Workshops
Conception Phase Step 03 Preliminary Design Presentation with pros and cons Community Committee Input Validation Step 04 Architectural Design Validation by consensus
Execution Phase Step 05 Contracting Open call through Contracting Fair Chosen companies meet Community Committees Step 06 Construction Companies hire local labor Training Construction Committees Construction company Technical team Member from Community Committee
Inauguration - time to celebrate!
Artistic paintings around the escalators. Themes chosen with residents.
Civic Pacts Signed between community leaders and city administration Administration: faithfully execute the project Community: contribute in some way, usually with maintenance Copies were distributed in the neighborhood and signing was shown on TV
Teleferic metrocable - connecting the hilly slums to the metro
Library parks - education, social inclusion and community
El Mirador bridge, connecting two neighborhoods that used to be in conflict
Implementation Urban Development Company (EDU) Umbrella authority, coordination, design, planning, organization, management of resources and execution. Secretary of Education Secretary of Social Development Secretary of Civic Culture Metropolilitan Technological Institute (ITM) Sports and Recreation Institute (INDER) Secretary of Social Welfare Social Housing and Shelter Institute of Medellín (ISVIMED) Education, human development, sports, economic and artistic innovation Social housing projects
Implementation Urban Development Company (EDU) Umbrella authority, coordination, design, planning, organization, management of resources and execution. Secretary of Public Works Secretary of Government Secretary of Health Municipal Development Company (EPM) Secretary of Environment for Medellin Medellin's Multiple Companies (EEVVM) Infrastructure, public health and security Sanitation and waste management
They always told me that we were crazy. They always told me that it was impossible, that it didn t make sense, that we had to do it the other way. And yet, here we are. -- Sergio Fajardo, former Mayor of Medellin
Bibliography Davila, J. (2012). Mobilidad urbana & pobreza: aprendizajes de Medellin y Soacha, Colombia. The Development Planning Unit, UCL / Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/dpu-ucl/docs/movilidad-urbana-medellin-metrocables Devlin, M., & Chaskel, S. (2010). From fear to hope in Colombia: Sergio Fajardo and Medellin, 2004-2007. Retrieved from Princeton University - Innovation for Successful Societies: http://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/ ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability. (2014). Urban NEXUS Case Study 2014-08, Medellín, Colombia. Retrieved from Urban Nexus: http://www.iclei.org/urbannexus.html Mazzanti, G. (2010). Sergio Fajardo y Giancarlo Mazzanti. BOMB - Artists in Conversation Magazine(Winter). Retrieved from http://bombmagazine.org/article/3381/sergio-fajardo-y-giancarlo-mazzanti Morato, M. A. (2014). Transformación física de la ciudad y Urbanismo Social. Estudio de los mecanismos de participacion ciudadana. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Gobierno. Bogota: Universidad Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario. Puerta Osorio, D. (2011). Proyectos Urbanos Integrales PUI. In A. d. Medellin, Laboratorio Medellin: catalogo de diez praticas vivas (pp. 78 95). Medellin: Mesa. Reimerink, L. (2014). Stairway to dignity: on the socio-economic impact of the electric escalators in Medellin. Master Thesis Latin America Studies CEDLA Master s Program. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/lettyreimerink/docs/stairway_to_dignity TV, C. (2011, December 27). La navidad le llegó a la comuna 13 con sus escaleras eléctricas. Retrieved from http://www.citytv.com.co/videos/722844/la-navidad-le-llego-a-la-comuna-13-con-sus-escaleras-electricas