The Timok River Basin in Serbia UNECE Workshop on Integrated Transboundary Water Resources Management in SEE, Sarajevo, 18-20 May, 2009 Dragana Ninković, Dipl.-Ing. Dušan Dobričić, Dipl.-Ing.
Content 1. Institutional and legal framework 2. Location of the Timok RB 3. General characteristics of the Nisava catchment 4. Hydrology, hydrogeology, aquifers 5. WFD implementation, Surface waters 6. Main pressures 7. Status, measures
Institutional and legal framework Legal framework: Law on Water, Law on Ministries Water management responsible institution: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Directorate for Water Water management policy Multipurpose water usage Water regime Protection from water Water protection measures International cooperation Other activities according to the Law on Water Other Ministries responsible for certain aspects of water management: Ministry for Environment and Spatial Planning Ministry of Health Ministry for Governance and Local Governance Ministry for infrastructure
Institutional and legal framework Water management organization Goverment of Republic of Serbia Republic Hydro-meteorological Service MAFWM - DIRECTORATE FOR WATER Public Water Company SRBIJAVODE Public Water Company VODE VOJVODINE Water Center SAVA - DUNAV Water Center MORAVA Danube-Tisza-Dunav system Water Companies
Institutional and legal framework International cooperation Bilateral agreements Existing (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria all from mid. 50 s); should be adopted in accordance with EU legislation Planned (Croatia, Bosnia&Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro) Multilateral agreements Multilateral agreements Danube River: ICPDR (The Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the River Danube, Sofia, 1994) DANUBE COMMISSION (1948, Belgrade Convention) Sava River: INTERNATIONAL SAVA RIVER BASIN COMMISSION (Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin, Kranjska Gora 2002)
Institutional and legal framework The most important water issues to be solved - New Water Law, due to: - Lack of harmony between the current Water Law and other laws and regulations - Unresolved territorial and other forms of jurisdiction - Inability to implement transformation of ownership in the manner set out in the current Law - Harmonization with the EU WFD - Financing - Capacity building - Investments - Maintanance - International cooperation
Location of the Timok RB The Timok sub basin 4498 km 2
General characteristics 3 sub-catchments Area total: 4620 km 2 in RS: 4498 km 2 (97%) in BG: 122 km 2 (3%) Monitoring: RHMSS quantity: 9 stations quality: 5 stations
General characteristics CLC land use
Hydrology 9 monitoring stations mean annual discharge: 29.41 m 3 /s Q 95 : 1.27 m 3 /s Q 100 : 1091 m 3 /s
Hydrogelogy Timok RB belongs to Eastern Serbia HG Unit Most important aquifers are formed in alluvial deposits of rivers Veliki Timok, Crni Timok and Beli Timok (sandy-gravel deposits 2-10 m thickness, covered by semi-permeable clayeysand sediments (up to 3 meters thick). Neogene sediments cover significant part of Veliki Timok basin (>500 km 2 ), represented by Torton and Sarmatian deposits. Lithological composition is sand, gravel, clays, conglomerates and limestones, thickness 200 m to 650 m. These geological formations contain several aquifers, separated with low permeable layers. Fissured aquifers are in north, west and south part of the basin (Beli Timok), thickness of over 1000m, represented with gabro and diabaz.
WFD implementation Transboundary GW bodies 23 Groundwater bodies delineated size: from 35 km 2 to 555 km 2 in fissured, karst and intergranular porosity aquifers. Fissured 52% Karst 26% Intergranular 22%
GW problems Groundwater regime in alluvial deposits is under direct influence of surface water courses. Although average water level fluctuations are approx. 1 m, there are cases of extreme level rising. In spring period GW levels are near or above ground surface. Groundwater quality is influenced by the quality of surface waters. Deteriorated quality is present downstream of town of Zajecar and Rgotina (confluence of Borska river and Timok river), there is increased content of Fe, Mn, NO3, heavy metals.
WFD implementation Surface waters Activities performed so far (rivers with catcment area > 100 km 2 ) identification of surface waters categories river typology delineation of river water bodies provisional identification of HMWB identification of pressures risk assessment for large rivers (Timok)
WFD implementation Surface waters bodies
Main pressures HYMO: large dams (Grliste, Borska) flood protection structures and river training works Point sources: industrial sources (RTB Bor as a black spot ) Risk assessment (only for the Timok river) 2 of 4 water bodies possibly at risk from organic pollution, hazardous substances or nutrients 1 WB at risk from nutrients
Status, measures No status assessment so far in Serbia List of measures only as general considerataions at the Danube river basin level
Thanks for your attention confluence of the Timok and the Danube Rivers