EARTHWATCH 2019 TURNING THE TIDE ON PLASTIC POLLUTION IN BALI

EARTHWATCH 2019 TURNING THE TIDE ON PLASTIC POLLUTION IN BALI

PLANNING CHECKLIST PLANNING CHECKLIST IMMEDIATELY Make sure you understand and agree to Earthwatch s Terms and Conditions and the Participant Code of Conduct. f you plan to purchase additional travel insurance, note that some policies require purchase at the time your expedition is booked. 6 MONTHS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION Log in at earthwatch.org to complete your participant forms. If traveling internationally, make sure your passport is current and, if necessary, obtain a visa for your destination country. Bring your level of fitness up to the standards required (see the Project Conditions section). 90 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION Pay any outstanding balance for your expedition. Book travel arrangements (see the Travel Planning section for details). Make sure you have all the necessary vaccinations for your project site. 60 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION Review the packing list to make sure you have all the clothing, personal supplies, and equipment needed. 30 DAYS PRIOR TO EXPEDITION Leave the Earthwatch 24-hour helpline number with a parent, relative, or friend. Leave copies of your photo ID and flight reservation number with a parent, relative, or friend. READ THIS EXPEDITION BRIEFING THOROUGHLY. It provides the most accurate information available at the time of your Earthwatch scientist s project planning, and will likely answer any questions you have about the project. However, please also keep in mind that research requires improvisation, and you may need to be flexible. Research plans evolve in response to new findings, as well as to unpredictable factors such as weather, equipment failure, and travel challenges. To enjoy your expedition to the fullest, remember to expect the unexpected, be tolerant of repetitive tasks, and try to find humor in difficult situations. If there are any major changes in the research plan or field logistics, Earthwatch will make every effort to keep you well informed before you go into the field.

TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTE FROM THE PI... 2 THE RESEARCH... 4 DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD... 6 ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD... 8 PROJECT CONDITIONS... 10 POTENTIAL HAZARDS...11 HEALTH & SAFETY... 12 TRAVEL TIPS... 14 TRAVEL PLANNING... 16 EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST... 18 PROJECT STAFF... 19 RECOMMENDED READING... 20 EMERGENCY NUMBERS... 24 1

NOTE FROM THE PI DEAR EARTHWATCHER The plastic pollution crisis has reached a tipping point. A majority of the marine debris in our oceans is made up of plastics, in a dizzying array of forms. South-east Asia and Indonesia in particular are struggling to deal with the plastic pollution problem, as waste management infrastructure is often lacking or non-existent in these regions. Indonesia has been ranked as the second largest contributor to marine debris globally, and this has severe implications for biodiversity, fisheries, tourism, and ultimately livelihoods. Bali in particular has been placed in the spotlight with numerous news articles and Instagram photos going viral over the plastic waste crisis there. Tourism also places an additional strain on Bali s limited waste infrastructure. Establishing waste management infrastructure is not an easy task in Indonesia, with a population of over 260 million people spread over 17,000 islands. Small, transportable recycling systems offer a possible solution for some communities. Plastic Collective is an organization that provides small portable recycling machines to remote communities along with a training program to help tackle plastic wastes. The Shruder can shred plastics so that they may be sold to larger recyclers, and also melt the shred for extrusion into new products that the community may be able to use or sell for a higher value (creation of a circular economy ). However, in order for the Shruder to be rolled out across more communities, its effectiveness in reducing plastic waste in the environment needs to be demonstrated through rigorous scientific evidence. This is where you can help make a difference to the plastic waste issue facing our oceans today. Join us in the northern Balinese community of Les to help us address the critical question of effective waste management in remote villages. You will be contributing your time to one of the most pressing problems facing our oceans today. We look forward to welcoming you to Les! Prof. Steve Smith, Director, National Marine Science Centre Southern Cross University CONNECT WITH OTHER EARTHWATCHERS! FIND US ON FACEBOOK AT FACEBOOK.COM/ EARTHWATCH AUSTRALIA OR ON TWITTER @EARTHWATCH_AUS, AND ON YOUTUBE AT YOUTUBE.COM/ EARTHWATCHAUS 2

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THE RESEARCH TURNING THE TIDE ON PLASTIC POLLUTION IN BALI THE STORY Plastic ocean debris is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time. Currently, 10-27 billion pounds of plastic waste enters the ocean from coastal regions each year. Many developing countries play a disproportionate role in this pollution because they struggle with implementing robust waste management systems. Lack of available infrastructure, formalized collection systems, and financing mechanisms to support it all often prevents developing countries from properly managing their waste. Indonesia is particularly struck by this crisis, as they are ranked as the second largest contributor of plastic debris globally. Indonesia has a population of over 260 million people dispersed over 17,000 islands, so creating a comprehensive waste management plan is a herculean task. One solution to this problem is to focus on community-level solutions. The Plastic Collective is pioneering one of these solutions in Bali, the Shruder. The Shruder allows locals to shred plastic, enabling them to either sell the waste more efficiently to larger recyclers or melt it into new products they can sell. By distributing these portable machines, The Plastic Collective aims to reduce the amount of plastic debris entering the oceans. However, the effectiveness of the machines must be tested before it can be rolled out to more communities. 4

This project aims to collect sound scientific data on the effect the Shruder has on plastic pollution in small villages in Bali, Indonesia. In order to determine whether having a Shruder in a village reduces plastic debris, Earthwatch Scientists need data from a variety of areas. During this project participants will conduct surveys on common public areas, like residential and non-residential roadways, areas with shops, fishing preparation areas, and beaches. Participants will examine the study areas in lines, known as transects, taking note of the debris they encounter on data sheets. Items that pose a high ecological risk, such as fishing nets, 6-pack rings, etc., or recyclable items, like PET or HDEPE bottles, will be collected and removed from the environment. The data collected from these transects will be compared to a control area, a village of similar size that does not have a Shruder to help determine the scale of improvement achieved by introducing the Shruder. The initial baseline data were collected by a group from Southern Cross University in September 2018. Teams on this expedition will perform follow-up debris surveys at Les and also collect information from a designated control village. If the Shurder proves to be an effective method for reducing plastic debris, then these data could help convince stakeholders to implement this solution more widely RESEARCH AIMS This project aims to determine the effect of the Shruder, and its accompanying community training program, in reducing waste plastics in public areas in the village of Les in northern Bali. Specifically, the project aims to: Conduct surveys of specific habitat types before the installation of the Shruder to obtain baseline information on the debris load in the environment; Conduct regular monitoring of the same specific habitat types in and around Les; Conduct regular monitoring of the same habitat types in a control village (one without a Shruder); Compare the results over time to determine the Shruder s degree of effectiveness at reducing plastic in the environment; and Understand the challenges that need to be met to expand the program more widely within Indonesia. HOW YOU WILL HELP Surveys require several people per transect, and there are multiple transects at each site (each habitat type). Your keen eyes are needed to survey the area, make accurate notes about the debris, and to work with others to identify what you see. You ll also help contribute to reducing negative wildlife encounters with marine debris by helping to remove dangerous/ high risk (to wildlife) items when we encounter them. The data you gather in one week would otherwise take several weeks for scientists to gather on their own! 5

DAILY LIFE IN THE FIELD PLANS FOR YOUR TEAM On this expedition, you will be immersed in Balinese village life. You will stay in the authentic Balinese village of Les, in the Sea Communities facilities. Sea Communities is a social enterprise helping local villagers restore the nearby reef to improve their livelihoods. Sea Communities accommodates volunteers from all over the globe on various programs, and is well suited to hosting international participants. DAILY ACTIVITIES Weather and research needs can lead to changes in the daily schedule. We appreciate your cooperation and understanding. Project activities will also vary seasonally. Below is an outline of what is likely to happen on each team, but the exact schedule will depend on the project s current needs and will be set at the start of each expedition. DAILY SCHEDULE TIME ACTIVITY 7:30 a.m. Rise, get ready for field 8:30 a.m. Breakfast 9:00 a.m. Fieldwork 12:30 p.m. Lunch at Les village 1:30 p.m. Continue fieldwork 4:00 or 5:00 p.m. Return to accommodations for showers and rest 6:00 p.m. Snack, research talk, social time, data entry 7:30 p.m. Lectures, films or downtime ITINERARY DAY 1 Arrive in the late afternoon, travel to the village of Les. Dinner followed by campus and project orientation. DAY 2 Breakfast, training on survey methods. Lunch, fieldwork (transect surveys in Les or control village). Dinner and potentially an evening presentation. DAY 3-6 Data collection, field work in Les or control village. During this time, participants will continually review training on debris identification and survey methodologies. Earthwatch scientists will hold talks on other aspects of marine biology or ecology. One half-day will be reserved for recreational time to visit other parts of the island and see other social enterprises that Sea Communities is part of. DAY 7 Team wrap-up and review of achievements, completion of outstanding data entry and departure. 6

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ACCOMMODATIONS AND FOOD ABOUT YOUR HOME IN THE FIELD During the expedition, your team will stay in the village of Les in the accommodations hosted by Sea Communities. Les is on the northern coast of Bali approximately 3 hours from Bali s main airport (Ngurah Rai International in Denpasar). SLEEPING All bedding is provided and beds are stand-alone (not bunk). All rooms have screens and fans. Each room accommodates 3 or 4 people, and includes an ensuite bathroom. Participants will be segregated into single gender rooms (not mixed). Depending on available space at the accommodation, single or couple room requests can be accommodated. BATHROOMS Each dorm room (or single/couple room) has an ensuite bathroom with a western flush toilet and a hot shower. The ensuite bathroom is shared amongst the participants occupying a room. ELECTRICITY You are welcome to bring personal electronic equipment. Electrical outlets in Indonesia are 230v. The outlets require the type C or F two-pin round plugs. Power in Indonesia can sometimes be unreliable, so come prepared for outages. PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS Wireless Internet access is available in rooms and common areas. There are no computers at Sea Communities for the public, but you may bring your own laptop or tablet for free-time use. Mobile coverage in Les is available, but strength of signal varies from time to time. Participants who wish to obtain a local SIM card may purchase one at the airport on arrival. Please note that personal communication with outsiders is not always possible while participating in an expedition. Earthwatch encourages volunteers to minimize outgoing calls and immerse themselves in the experience; likewise, family and friends should restrict calls to urgent messages only. FACILITIES AND AMENITIES The project home base is the seaside villa accomodating Sea Communities guests in the village of Les. They have dormitory style accommodation, a common eating area, and bathroom facilities. There are also two showers and and two toilets in communal areas of the Sea Communities compound. There may be other Sea Communities project volunteers at the same time as your Earthwatch expedition.there are limited shopping opportunities nearby. If there is something that you like to have every day, we recommend that you bring it with you. 8

DISTANCE TO THE FIELD SITE The distance to the field sites varies from right outside the door to a 15-20 minute walk, or a short van ride (10-15 mins) to the control sites in the nearby village. FOOD AND WATER Your meals are prepared by a brigade of village housewives who now have a restaurant specially dedicated to preparing food for volunteer guests. Meals are typical Indonesian fare tempeh, rice, vegetables and poultry, pork or fish. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner will be sit-down, family style. Volunteers will not have to do meal preparation or shopping. Clean up will only include taking plates and utensils to a counter near the sink. Drinking water is available in large gallon jugs at the common and dining areas. Participants are encouraged to bring a reusable water bottle to fill from these jugs. Both hot and cold water can be dispensed. There is limited personal refrigerator space available for special circumstances, e.g. medicine storage or highly specialized dietary requirements. The following are examples of foods you may find in the field. Variety depends on availability. We appreciate your flexibility. TYPICAL MEALS BREAKFAST Rice, eggs, toast, pancakes, fried rice/noodles, fresh fruit, LUNCH Rice, noodles, fried fish, pork, or chicken and vegetables DINNER Chicken, pork or fish option, plus vegetables and fried rice/noodles and tempeh SNACKS Pastries, fruit BEVERAGES Fresh juice, water, coffee SPECIAL DIETARY REQUIREMENTS Please alert Earthwatch to any special dietary requirements (e.g., diabetes, lactose intolerance, nut or other food allergies, vegetarian or vegan diets) as soon as possible, and note them in the space provided on your volunteer forms. Vegetarians and vegans can easily be accommodated on this project. There is plenty of food where meat and dairy can just be avoided, and tempeh will usually be a good protein substitute, but processed vegetarian meat substitutes are not available. There is not much dairy included in the typical Balinese diet so lactose intolerance should not be a problem to accommodate. Wheat-based foods are not that common in Bali (rice is the primary grain consumed) and so a gluten free diet should also be easily accommodated. The information rovided above is as accurate as possible, but please keep in mind that conditions may change. 9

PROJECT CONDITIONS THE FIELD ENVIRONMENT The climate is tropical, with warm to hot, and humid conditions. The rainy season in Indonesia is from December to March, with extreme humidity. This Earthwatch project field in the pre-and post-rainy season in Bali, so as to capture environmental data of how the rainy season may affect debris being washed toward the ocean, but also to avoid the most hot and uncomfortable times of year here. A wide variety of stunning birds can be viewed in and around Les village, and you will be woken in the morning to plentiful birdsong. GENERAL CONDITIONS The following are averages. Please check weather resources for your team dates for more accurate weather predictions. Projects have experienced unseasonable weather at all times of year HUMIDITY: 75% 85% TEMPERATURE RANGE: April temperature: Average 23º C 31º C (73º F 88º F) RAINFALL: April rainfall: Average 50-75mm (2-3 inches) ESSENTIAL ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS: All participants must be able to: Follow verbal and/or visual instructions independently or with the assistance of a companion Be comfortable being in a vehicle for up to 3 hours at a time. Walk up to 2km (30 mins) one-way to reach survey sites, and 2km return, up to two round-trip journeys per day. Enjoy being outdoors all day, in all types of weather, in the presence of insects and potentially wild animals. Sit for 2-3 hours per day (i.e. presentations, or being in a vehicle). Tolerate high heat and humidity levels. Bend and kneel repeatedly during the day while conducting surveys. Adhere to the briefing guidelines, be aware of their limitations, and apply common sense while participating. 10

POTENTIAL HAZARDS TURNING THE TIDE ON PLASTIC POLLUTION IN BALI HAZARD TYPE Transportation Wildlife and domestic animals Heat-related illness, dehydration Personal Security Sprains and strains, slips and trips Bites and stings ASSOCIATED RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS All transport will be conducted via a qualified and experienced driver, with vehicles in good working order and high safety records. The vehicles and drivers are equipped with a first aid kit, fire extinguisher, Emergency Response Plan, and mobile phone. Dogs and cats are commonplace, but may carry a risk of rabies. Participants are encouraged not to pet dogs and cats they may encounter. Asian macaques (a type of monkey) are present at some places around the island. These animals can be aggressive in seeking more food if it is offered, and participants are instructed not to feed these animals and watch their personal belongings when these monkeys are around. Participants should bring high SPF sunscreen and should drink plenty of water throughout the day. If participants start to feel unwell they should notify a project staff member immediately, get out of the sun as quickly as possible, and rest in a shaded area, whilst cooling themselves with water. Although Bali is Hindu in a predominantly Islamic Indonesia, it is still a conservative culture, and participants are advised to dress conservatively and respect local customs. Participants can seek their team leader s guidance for ensuring that there are no cultural misunderstandings that could lead to offence within the local community. Bali and Les in particular are considered quite safe, and the risk of violence or theft are considered generally very low, however participants should not leave valuables in the open. Lockers are available in the dorm rooms, and the reception can hold valuables if necessary. Participants are advised that this project will require some bending and kneeling, and those with back or knees concerns may find that this exacerbates any pre-existing conditions. Participants will be advised on proper bending and kneeling techniques. Uneven surfaces and hazards such as mooring lines on the beach are commonplace. Participants should take care when walking over these as ocean swell may cause the mooring line to suddenly rise and pull taut. Mosquitos and sandflies may be present at some beach locations. Mosquitos may carry a variety of illnesses, and sandfly bites can be prone to infection if scratched excessively. Participants are advised to cover up or wear insect repellent spray at dusk and dawn when these are most prolific. Bees and wasps are less likely to be encountered on this project, but may still be present when on the islands. Anyone with allergies is advised they must bring their own antihistamines and Epi-pen. 11

HEALTH & SAFETY TURNING THE TIDE ON PLASTIC POLLUTION IN BALI EMERGENCIES IN THE FIELD There will be first aid kits with the project staff. Les village is approximately one hour from the nearest hospital in Singaraja, and three hours from world-class medical care in Denpasar. Participants are advised to be vigilant of their surroundings and to not take any undue risks, as the ability to get to medical care quickly may be extremely restricted based on time of day, locations and unpredicatable traffic of Bali. Project staff members are not medical professionals. Project staff will have cell phones and two-way radios for communication among the team while conducting field work. For emergency assistance in the field, please contact Earthwatch s 24-hour emergency hotline number on the last page of this briefing. Earthwatch is available to assist you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; someone is always on call to respond to messages that come into our live answering service. POLICIES Although the village of Les is next to the ocean with the reef only a few meters metres offshore, snorkelling is not included as an Earthwatch activity on this expedition. Participants are able to snorkel (or scuba dive) on the reef, however they must sign a release waiver first and will need to make arrangements through Sea Communities when we arrive at Les. IMMUNIZATIONS & TRAVEL VACCINATIONS Please be sure your routine immunizations are up-to-date (for example: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella) and you have the appropriate vaccinations for your travel destination. Medical decisions are the responsibility of each volunteer and his or her doctor, and the following are recommendations only. Visit cdc.gov or who.int for guidance on immunizations. If traveling from countries or region where yellow fever is endemic, you must have a certificate of vaccination. 12

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TRAVEL TIPS SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ROAD YOUR DESTINATION LANGUAGE: Bahasa Indonesian. In Bali, many people speak some English, particularly in tourist areas, but less so in and around Les in northern Bali. Our host at Sea Communities speaks excellent English. The project will be conducted in English. TIME ZONE: GMT/UTC +8. CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS: Casual, modest dress is acceptable nearly everywhere in Bali. An end-of-trip gratuity for cooks/housekeeping staff at Sea Communities is appreciated, but not expected. TELEPHONE DIALING CODES: When calling Indonesia from another country, dial the country s international dialing code, followed by 62 and the number. When calling within Indonesia, omit the 62. When calling another country from Indonesia dial 001, followed by the other country s country code and the number. NOTE: you should check with your phone provider to obtain any carrier-specific dialing codes you may need; many providers have dialing procedures that may differ in whole or in part from these directions. For additional information see https://countrycode.org. ELECTRICITY: Type C/F. They are the two pin round plugs. 14

MONEY MATTERS LOCAL CURRENCY: Indonesian rupiah (IDR). The approximate conversion is 1 USD = 14,500 IDR. An ATM will not be accessible during research days or field station days. Credit cards are accepted only in major tourist centers of Denpasar and surrounding resorts. Participants are advised to bring cash for purchases around Les and for gratuities should they wish. You will need money to cover any additional snacks or drinks you wish to purchase, along with any souvenirs. Always be cautious when withdrawing money from an ATM or cash machine. Keep your cash out of sight and in a safe place. TIPPING: Tipping is not cutomary in Thailand. PASSPORTS, VISAS AND ENTRY REQUIREMENTS COUNTRY AND PROJECT ENTRY REQUIREMENTS In 2015 Indonesia changed its visa requirements, and now individuals from 169 different nations can enter Indonesia free-of-charge with a Visa On Arrival. This visa is for 30 days (not one month), is non-extendable, and cannot be converted into another type of visa later. It is only valid for leisure and tourism, family, social, arts and cultural gatherings, government visits, lectures or seminars, or for visitors-in-transit. Please check if you hold a passport from the eligible countries at: http:// indonesianembassy.org.uk/en/ Participants who hold passports from countries not listed on the link should contact the nearest Indonesian Embassy to determine the process for gaining entry into Indonesia. TYPE OF VISA TO GET: While you will be participating in a scientific expedition, for the purposes of entry into Indonesia you should enter on a tourism visa, as you are not the scientist in question conducting research. Statements about conducting research may lead to questions from customs and immigration officials that participants will not be equipped to answer on their own. CONTACT INFORMATION You may be required to list the following contact information on your visa application and immigration form, or if your luggage does not make it to baggage claim at your destination: Edgar (Garri) Bernal Sea Communities, Les Village Phone: + 62 815 5889 8805 Whatsapp: + 62 815 5889 8805 Email: garribernal@gmail.com 15

TRAVEL PLANNING RENDEZVOUS AND DEPARTURE INFORMATION COMPLETE TRAVEL INFORMATION IS NOT INCLUDED IN THIS PUBLIC VERSION OF THE BRIEFING. Please find the complete briefing, available only to project participants, in your Earthwatch Portal. The version in your Portal will include all of the travel information for you to book appropriate flights. Please DO NOT book flights without referring to this information. 16

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EXPEDITION PACKING LIST WHAT TO BRING EXPEDITION PACKING CHECKLIST GENERAL q This expedition briefing q Your travel plans, rendezvous details, and Earthwatch s emergency contact information q Photocopies of your passport, flight itinerary, and credit cards in case the originals are lost or stolen; the copies should be packed separately from the original documents q Passport and/or visa (if necessary) q Certification of vaccination (if necessary) q Documentation for travel by minors (if necessary) CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR FIELDWORK q Lightweight, quick-drying, button-down long-sleeved shirts q 1 2 pairs of quick-drying long pants q Wide-brimmed sun hat or baseball hat q Lightweight raincoat or poncho q Several pairs of lightweight socks q Leather or cloth and rubber garden/work gloves q Sunglasses CLOTHING/FOOTWEAR FOR LEISURE q At least one set of clothing to keep clean for end of expedition q Adventure sandals, not flip-flops of thongs (preferably ones that can get wet) q Light weight pants or shorts q T-shirts / tank tops q Light jacket q Tennis shoes/casual shoes q Bathing suit(s) FIELD SUPPLIES q Binoculars q 2 one-liter water bottles, OR 1 two-liter water bottle or reservoir q High factor sunscreen (45 spf or higher) q Daypack to carry and keep your personal items together and dry q Lip balm with sunscreen q Field notebook and pencils q Insect repellent q Sunglasses q Drybag or plastic sealable bags (good for preotecting equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and water) BEDDING AND BATHING NOTE: All bedding, as well as a bath towel, is provided at the research stations. q Window bug screens are provided, but not mosquito netting over beds. If the doors to the accommodations are closed properly, you should not experience any problems with mosquitos in your rooms. If you wish to purchase a net they should be for single size and nosee-ums mesh size. PERSONAL SUPPLIES q Personal toiletries (biodegradable soaps and shampoos are encouraged) q Antibacterial wipes or lotion (good for cleaning hands while in the field) q Personal first aid kit (e.g., anti-diarrhea pills, antibiotics, antiseptic, itch-relief, pain reliever, bandages, blister covers, etc.) and medications q baby powder (recommended by field staff to relieve chafing in the hot, humid environment) q Small bottle of Aloe Vera or equivalent skin calming cream (good for bug bites and sunburn) q Flashlight or headlamp with rechargable batteries (don t forget your charger!) q Spending money OPTIONAL ITEMS q Camera, film or memory card(s), extra camera battery q Hardware for sharing digital photographs at the end of the expedition q Books, games, etc. for free time q Earplugs for light sleepers q Comfortable shoes to change into after conducting fieldwork q Dry bag or plastic sealable bags (e.g. Ziploc) to protect equipment like cameras from dust, humidity, and water q Travel guide q Binoculars q Flashlight q Money belt q Flip-flops or sandals for the shower q Favorite snacks, if you have specific dietary requirements NOTE: Do not bring more luggage than you can carry and handle on your own. If traveling by air and checking your luggage, we advise you to pack an extra set of field clothing and personal essentials in your carry-on bag in case your luggage is lost or delayed. 18

PROJECT STAFF YOUR RESOURCES IN THE FIELD NOTE: The specific staff scheduled to run your team is subject to change. EARTHWATCH SCIENTIST DR. STEVE SMITH is the Director of Southern Cross University s National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, Australia. His main research focus is on the measurement, monitoring and management of marine biodiversity, which includes assessment of human impacts. Over the past decade, in response to its increasing prevalence, Steve has devoted much of his research effort to documenting the impacts of marine debris, delivering most of his programs through close collaboration with citizen scientists. Steve uses the information generated by his research to inform management decisions, providing an advisory role from local to national levels of government. GROUND PROGRAM MANAGER EDGAR (GARRI) BERNAL is Sea Communities Ground Manager in Les Village. He has over 20 years experience working with the basic sectors. Garri has worked with Indigenous Peoples groups in the Philippines in defense of their ancestral land rights and participated in the process of formulating the regulatory framework for management of their ancestral domain. Garri has worked with farmers groups in claiming their rights under agrarian reform laws and in facilitating livelihood training programs for agrarian reform beneficiaries. Garri has lived in Les Village for the past 6 years supporting and facilitating the community based ecotourism of the fisherfolks centered on reef rebuilding and sustainable ornamental fishing. He has been the main coordinator in the village of all science-related projects of Sea Communities including the coral monitoring and marine debris programs. EARTHWATCH TEAM LEADER ANDREA HAAS, Andrea has a Bachelor of Science in Natural Resources Conservation, and a Master of Science in Resource Management and Environmental Studies with a thesis in Fisheries Economics. Prior to joining Earthwatch as Field Operations Manager, she worked as a Research Associate with the Cape Eleuthera Institute (The Bahamas) studying the economic value of sharks and rays. Andrea also worked as a paramedic in Canada for six years, and then joined a branch of the United Nations in The Hague (The Netherlands) working in Occupational Health and Safety before turning her focus to marine science. LOCAL STAFF PAK EKA,is the Waste Management Community Coordinator for Sea Communities. Pak is Sea Communities point person in community led or focused waste management activities as well as acting as the chief liaison officer of Sea Communities to all community stakeholders. Pak formerly was a sea salt farmer for 2 years, an ornamental fisherman for 15 years, a coral gardener in a coral export company for 2 years, and pelagic fisherman for 15 years and counting. Pak Eka currently heads a smaller fisherfolks organization that are moving away from ornamental fishing and towards marine ecotourism. His multifaceted role as fisherman, community leader, and marine conservationist has made him a valued resource person not only in Bali but in other parts of Indonesia. Pak brings to Sea Communities his extensive community network in Les Village and his deep experience in evolving new behavior patterns. 19

RECOMMENDED READING YOUR RESOURCES AT HOME RESOURCES PROJECTED- RELATED WEBSITES Southern Cross University, National Marine Science Centre. https://www.scu.edu.au/nationalmarinescience-centre/ Sea Communities. http://www.seacommunities.com/ SOCIAL MEDIA: EARTHWATCH AUSTRALIA FACEBOOK: facebook.com/earthwatchaustralia TWITTER: twitter.com/earthwatch_aus YOUTUBE:.youtube.com/user/EarthwatchAus INSTAGRAM: instawebgram.com/i/earthwatch_aus SOCIAL MEDIA: EARTHWATCH INTERNATIONAL FACEBOOK: facebook.com/earthwatch TWITTER: twitter.com/earthwatch_org INSTAGRAM: instagram.com/earthwatch BLOG: https://blog.earthwatch.org/ YOUTUBE: youtube.com/earthwatchinstitute LITERATURE CITED Jambeck, J. et al. (2015) Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science 347 Issue 6223, 768-771. 20

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EMERGENCY NUMBERS AROUND-THE-CLOCK SUPPORT 24

MESSAGE FROM EARTHWATCH DEAR EARTHWATCHER, Hello and welcome to the team! You will soon be embarking on an exciting and meaningful adventure to some of the most spectacular regions of our planet. It s a special place here on Earth, and with your help we are working hard to keep it that way for all life that exists. We unfortunately face a variety of environmental pressures today and by joining this Earthwatch expedition you are not only saying you care, but more significantly, that you are prepared to do something about it. The work you will undertake will help contribute to solving critical environmental issues, help shape policies and behaviours and enhance protection of culture, wildlife and ecosystems. Without your help scientists would need to spend weeks, months or even years collecting the same amount of data you and your team will collect in just a few days! We can t thank you enough for your choice to take a slightly different holiday this year, and we hope you get out of the experience as much as we do by bringing scientists and participants together to work towards a better future. If you have questions as you prepare for your expedition, please contact our Earthwatch office. Thank you for your support, and enjoy your expedition! Best regards, Cassandra Nichols Chief Executive Officer, Earthwatch Australia CONNECT WITH OTHER EARTHWATCHERS! FIND US ON FACEBOOK AT FACEBOOK.COM/ EARTHWATCH AUSTRALIA OR ON TWITTER @EARTHWATCH_AUS, AND ON YOUTUBE AT YOUTUBE.COM/ EARTHWATCHAUS

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