The Need for Simultaneous Planning, Implementation and Municipal Reform in Post-Earthquake Haiti By: Asad Mohammed Caribbean Construction Forum March 21 st and 22 nd, 2011 Hyatt Regency, Trinidad and Tobago
Natural Event (Earthquake or Hurricane) + Underlying Socio-Economic Conditions + Level of Disaster Preparedness + Status of Built Development Regulation and Standards + Governance Structure + Literacy levels = Extent of Natural Disaster
1974-76 Plan for the development of Port au Prince and the Metropolitan Region (UNDP-PADCO) 1988 Plan for Urbanisation of Port au Prince (UNHabitat-Lavalin) 1988 National Plan for Housing and Human Settlements (UNHabitat) 1996 Institutional Strengthening of Municipalities and Spatial Planning (UNHabitat) 1997 Transportation Plan for the Metropolitan Area of PaP (MTPTC, Pluran Int. SNC Lavalin, LGL. S.A.) 1998 Implementation Plan for Potable Water to the year 2015(CAMEP, Tractebel Developpement) 1998 Waste Management scheme for Metropolitan PaP (MTPTC, Groupement SCP-GERSAR-SNC Lavalin) 1998 Drainage Plan for metropolitan PaP (MTPTC, Pluran Int. SNC Lavalin, LGL. S.A.) 1999 Waterfront Plan for the City of PaP(Office of the President- 250 year Commemorative Commission) 2000 General Concept for the development of PaP( 250 year Commemorative Commission and the University of Catalona) 2000 Management Plan for the North of PaP (250 year Commemorative Commission Jiminez-Pons- Urbanex 2003 Plan and programme of Development for the metropolitan Area of PaP (IADB-DAA-Experco International) 2010 New Centre of PaP 2011 Prince Charles- Historic Plan 2011 2011 City of Montreal Partnership with City of PaP Some Relevant Spatial and Development Control Documents Port-au-Prince
Settlement Typologies Existing Housing
Settlement Typologies Temporary Housing
Settlement Typologies Commercial Development
Settlement Typologies New Communities
Settlement Typologies Habitat for Humanity Housing
UN-Habitat Strategic Priorities 1. Development Plan for Land and Urban Management 2. Strengthening National Capacity Coordination and Support to Local Initiatives 3. Capacity Building for Local Actors Facilitate consultation between various actors for the development of plans and strategic priorities. Adopt technical and methodological strategies to plan for more inclusive and less vulnerable cities. Organization of a platform for managing information. Production of practical guides to urban and land management (participatory involvement, planning for informal settlements, organization of urban growth, supporting local implementation of sectoral strategies) Strengthen local capacity for participation in planning process
Implementation of UN-Habitat Programme Areas Covered 6 Development Patterns 18 Outlined Development Plans # Port-au-Prince Zone Urbaine et Péri-Urbaine de Port-au-Prince 1 Léogane-Petit-Goâve Léogane, Grand-Goâce, Petit-Goâve 3 Jacmel-Marigot Jacmel, Cayes-Jacmel, Marigot 3 Cap-Haïtien Cap-Haïtien, Limonade, Quartier Morin, Milot, Plaine-du-Nord, Acul-du-Nord 6 Les Cayes Les Cayes, Port-Salut, Aquin, Vieux-Bourd-d Aquin 4 Saint-Marc Saint-Marc 1 *Table Translated from IBI/DAA s Atelier sur la planification des villes secondaires et de leur region
Multi-Sector Approach Population Trends Use of Urban and Rural Territory Mobility of Persons and Vehicles Economic Activities Infrastructure (Networks, Roads, Equipment) Community Services (Health, Education, Recreation, etc.) Local and National Heritage Protecting the Natural Environment and Built Milieu
Multi-Sectoral Strategic Plans Planning Codes Sub-Division Construction *Table Translated from IBI/DAA s Atelier sur la planification des villes secondaires et de leur region
Actor Involvement Framework Territory State Collective Territories Informal/Ad Hoc Concentration, Participation Consultation Validatio n National Ministries and Agencies Pilot Committee (DAA) Expert Committee (DAA) X X MPCE (SAT & PU) Department Delegates and Departments Not yet functional Arrondissement Vice-Delegates and sometimes representation from department delegates Local (DAA) Consulting Committee X Diagram AT Inter- Comminute Structure oriented techniques Agglomeration Ad Hoc (Ex des Palmes) Commune Communal Executive (Mayor and two assistants elected) Ad Hoc (Ex PAP) X Urban Plan Communal Section CASEC (Executive, 3 persons elected) Territory *Table Translated from Groupe5 Report
Emergency Period Recovery Period Reconstruction Period 3 Months 12 Months 5 Years
Local Re-settlement Plans NGO Sector No New City-Structure Framework Plans Statutory Basis for Sub-Division Plans 1987 Sub-division Law [Lotissement] Limited Capacity at the Municipal Level Limited Regulation of Development
Constitutional Provision of Eminent Domain Requires Compensation Immediately Poor Land Records Absentee Land Owners
Limited absorptive capacity of Haitian Society Supporting and strengthening the State Supporting local and municipal government Merging planning with implementation (Municipal management) Limited and inadequate statutory and regulatory framework Early gains in planning Strategic interventions Human resource development Hurricanes not Earthquakes are the More Iminiant Natural Disaster