Islamic Development Bank KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATISTICS ON IDB MEMBER COUNTRIES STATISTICAL MONOGRAPH NO. 25 ECONOMIC POLICY AND STRATEGIN PLANNING DEPARTMENT Rabi II 1426H (May 2005)
PREFACE This 25 th Edition of the Statistical Monograph, Key Socio-Economic Statistics on IDB Member Countries, presents social, economic, and financial data on IDB member countries. The Monograph primarily provides data and aggregate statistics on socio-economic indicators of IDB member countries with the view to assisting IDB in monitoring developments in its member countries. Recent international initiatives such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) -- which call for setting targets and benchmarks, and the development of statistical indicators for measuring progress and results, for evaluating success and failures, and for evaluating policies and responses have made the Monograph an important source for data that could be used to monitor progress and performance of member countries in achieving the targets set in the MDGs. The Monograph contains a set of 200 indicators which are grouped under three main headings: Demographic and Human Development Indicators (Part 1), Macro-economic Indicators (Part II) and External Sector Economic Indicators (Part III). Part 1 provides indicators on demography, population structure, vital statistic, health, education, poverty and human development, information and communication technology, employment, wage, productivity and competitiveness, environment, land use, food and agricultural production, which are used to assess progress in social and human development. Part II provides information on national accounts, government finance, inflation, money supply, and exchange rates and interest rate. National accounts data provide essential information on the economic performance in terms of growth and structure of output, investments, and savings. Part III provides indicators on external trade, balance of payments, external debt and financial flows. Each part presents highlights of major trends and analysis of the indicators covered. In addition, the Tables show the performances of IDB and OIC economies for various years, together with, for comparative purposes, those of developing countries, least developed countries, high-income countries, and the world. The data presented in the Monograph are sourced from the IDB Live Database (which was set up by the World Bank in December 2002) and from online databases, publications and CD ROMs of several international institutions including the IMF, UNCTAD, FAO, UNDP, WRI, and OECD. We would like to register our thanks and appreciation to all these institutions for their cooperation and continuous exchange of data with IDB. In particular, the IDB is especially grateful to the Data Group of the World Bank for their continuous support in updating data for and troubleshooting the IDB Live Database. This Monograph was prepared in the Statistics Section of the Economic Policy and Strategic Planning (EPSP) Department of the Islamic Development Bank by a team of Statisticians led by Dr. Abdullateef Bello. The team members comprised Aamir Ghani, Abdinasir Nur, Azam Ali and Brahim Lgui. ECONOMIC POLICY AND STRATEGIC PLANNING DEPARTMENT iii
CONTENTS Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations... xi Data Sources... xii PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS Highlights... 3 1.1 Demographic Statistics... 9 Mid-Year Population... 9 Population Growth rate... 9 1.2 Population structure... 10 Gender... 10 Population age composition... 10 Dependency ratios... 10 1.3 Vital Statistics... 11 Population Density... 11 Crude Birth Rate... 11 Crude Death Rate... 11 Total Fertility Rate... 11 1.4 Mortality... 12 Under-5 Mortality Rate... 12 Infant Mortality Rate... 12 Maternal Mortality Rate... 12 1.5 Education... 13 Adult Illiteracy Rate... 13 Primary School Enrolment Ratio... 13 Secondary School Enrolment Ratio... 13 1.6 Health... 14 Life Expectancy at birth... 14 Access to Safe Water... 14 Access to Sanitation... 14 Access to Drugs... 14 Physicians... 14 Hospital Beds... 14 1.7 Health Expenditure... 15 Total health expenditure (% GDP)... 15 Public expenditure on health (% GDP... 15 Private expenditure on health (% GDP)... 15 Health expenditure per capita (US$)... 15 v
1.8 Poverty and Human Development... 16 Population below national poverty line... 16 Population below $1 a day and $2 a day... 16 Human Poverty Index... 16 Gini Index... 16 Human Development Index... 16 1.9 Information and Communication Technology Indicators... 17 Daily Newspapers... 17 Radio... 17 Television sets... 17 Telephone mainlines... 17 Personal Computers... 17 Internet Users... 17 ICT expenditure... 17 1.10 Science and Technology... 18 Scientists and engineers in R&D... 18 Technicians in R&D... 18 Science and technical journal articles... 18 Expenditures for R&D... 18 High-technology exports... 18 Patent applications filed... 18 Trademark applications filed... 18 1.11 Employment... 19 Labour force... 19 Percentage of labour force in Agriculture... 19 Percentage of labour force in Industry... 19 Percentage of labour force in Services... 19 1.12 Wage, Productivity, and Competitiveness... 20 Average hours worked... 20 Minimum wage... 20 Labour cost per worker in manufacturing... 20 Value-added per worker in manufacturing... 20 World Competitiveness Ranking... 20 1.13 Environment... 21 Forest area... 21 Deforestation... 21 CO 2 emissions... 21 1.14 Land Use... 22 Arable Land (% Land Area)... 22 Cropped Land (% Land Area)... 22 Others (% Land Area)... 22 Arable Land per capita... 22 vi
1.15 Food Production... 23 Wheat... 23 Maize... 23 Rice... 23 1.16 Agricultural and Per Capita Production Indices... 24 1.17 Food and Per Capita Production Indices... 25 PART II: MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS Highlights... 29 2.1 Output (Gross Domestic Product)... 33 2.2 Growth of Output... 34 2.3 Structure of Output... 35 Agriculture... 35 Industry... 35 Manufacturing... 35 Services... 35 2.4 Sectoral Growth Rates... 36 Agriculture... 36 Industry... 36 Manufacturing... 36 Services... 36 2.5 Per Capita Output and Income... 37 Gross National Income (GNI)... 37 Per Capita GNI... 37 Per Capita GDP... 37 2.6 Structure of Demand... 38 Private Consumption... 38 Government Consumption... 38 Gross Domestic Investment... 38 Export of Goods & Services... 38 Import of Goods & Services... 38 2.7 Investment, Saving, and Resource Gap... 39 Gross National Savings... 39 Gross Domestic Investment... 39 Gross Domestic Savings... 39 Resource Gap... 39 vii
2.8 Growth of Demand... 40 Private Consumption... 40 Government Consumption... 40 Gross Domestic Investment... 40 Export of Goods & Services... 40 2.9 Government Finance... 41 Current Revenue... 41 Expenditure and net lending... 41 Budget Surplus/Deficit... 41 2.10 Inflation... 42 All Items... 42 Annual Average... 42 Food... 42 Annual Average... 42 2.11 GDP Implicit Deflator... 43 Annual percentage change... 43 Growth Rate... 43 2.12 Relative Prices and Exchange Rates... 44 Exchange Rate arrangements... 44 Official exchange rate... 44 Ratio of PPP to official exchange rate... 44 Real effective exchange rate... 44 Purchasing power parity conversion factor... 44 Interest rate... 44 Deposit... 44 Lending... 44 Real... 44 2.13 Money Supply... 45 Narrow Money (M1)... 45 Broad Money (M2)... 45 2.14 Financial Depth and Efficiency... 46 Domestic credit by banking sector... 46 Liquid liabilities... 46 Quasi-liquid liabilities... 46 Ratio of bank liquid reserves to bank assets... 46 Interest rate spread... 46 Risk premium on lending... 46 viii
PART III: EXTERNAL SECTOR ECONOMIC INDICATORS Highlight... 49 3.1 Merchandise Exports (f.o.b)... 51 Growth rate... 51 3.2 Merchandise Import (c.i.f)... 52 Growth rate... 52 3.3 Terms of Trade... 53 3.4 Structure of merchandise exports... 54 3.5 Structure of merchandise imports... 55 3.6 Tariff... 56 All products... 56 Primary products... 56 Manufactured products... 56 3.7 Intra-IDB Countries Trade... 57 Intra-IDB countries Exports... 57 Intra-IDB Countries Imports... 57 Openness of economy... 57 3.8 Direction of Trade: Exports... 58 3.9 Direction of Trade: Imports... 59 3.10 Intra-Trade by Regional groupings... 60 3.11 Exports of Five Core Commodities... 61 3.12 Exports Concentration & Diversification... 66 3.13 Imports Concentration & Diversification... 67 3.14 Balance of Payments... 68 Goods and Services... 68 Net Income... 68 Net current transfer... 68 Current account balance... 68 3.15 International Reserves and Ratio to Imports... 69 3.16 Debt Indicators... 70 Present value of debt... 70 ix
Percentage of GNP... 70 Percentage of Exports... 70 Total External Debt... 70 Percentage of GNP... 70 Percentage of Exports... 70 Debt Service... 70 Percentage of GNP... 70 Percentage of Exports... 70 3.17 Net Financial Flows... 71 Net Resource Flows... 71 Official Development Assistance... 71 Foreign Direct Investment... 71 3.18 Investment Climate... 72 3.19 Business Environment... 73 3.20 Private Sector Development... 74 3.21 Net projects financing of the IDB Group... 75-77 3.22 IDB Group Trade Financing, Special Assistance Operations, and Total Operations... 78-80 Technical Note... 81 Glossary... 87 x
SYMBOLS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Symbols.. Data not available. 0.0 The figure exists, but in rounding is set equal to zero. -- Aggregate is not computed because more than one-third of the observations in the series are missing in a given year. % Percentage '000 Thousands Acronyms and Abbreviations c.i.f f.o.b FAO GDP GNI IDB IMF LDCs MCs MFIs ODA OECD OIC UNCTAD UNDP WRI XGS Cost, insurance, and freight Free on board Food and Agricultural Organization Gross Domestic Product Gross National Income Islamic Development Bank International Monetary Fund Least Developed Countries Member Countries Multilateral Financial Institutions Official Development Assistance Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Organization of the Islamic Conference United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme World Resources Institute Export of goods and services xi
Data Sources 1. FAO, FAOSTAT Online, May 2005. 2. IDB Live Database, May 2005. 3. IMF, Direction of Trade Statistic, CD-ROM, March 2005. 4. IMF, International Financial Statistics Online, May 2005. 5. IMF, Global Development Finance, 2005 6. OECD, International Development Statistics Online, May 2005. 7. UNCTAD, Handbook of Statistics, CD-ROM 2004. 8. UNDP, Human Development Report, 2004. 9. World Bank, Global Development Finance, CD-ROM 2005. 10. World Bank, World Development Indicators, Online, May 2005. 11. WRI, World Resources CD-ROM 2002-2004. xii
PART I DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
1. DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 1.1 Population The 55 IDB member countries have a combined population that represents about twenty per cent of the world s population in 2004. In the last 25 years, the member countries population has almost doubled in size to 1.2 billion in 2004 from 0.7 billion in 1980. Three member countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Pakistan) have a combined population of 0.5 billion which represents fifty per cent of the total population of IDB member countries in 2004; while seven member countries (Bahrain, Brunei, Comoros, Djibouti, Maldives, Qatar, and Suriname) have population of less than one million each. The average annual population growth rate for member countries has decreased from 2.3 per cent over the period 1985-1994 to 1.9 per cent in 1995-2004. More than two-thirds (about 70 per cent) of member countries have average annual population growth rates that are higher than the average for the member countries in 1995-2004. However, from the period 1985-1994 to 1995-2004, more than three-quarters of member countries recorded a decline in population growth rate ranging from -0.1 per cent in Guinea-Bissau to -2.8 per cent in Djibouti; while one-fifth of member countries has registered increase in population growth with Kuwait recording the highest rate of 3.7 per cent. Assuming the determinants of population growth of member countries in 1996-2005 would remain constant in the future, it is expected that the population of IDB member countries as a group would double in 37 years. The population of IDB member countries is composed of 51 percent males and 49 per cent females in 2004. Over 50 per cent of member countries have more males than females and the gap in gender structure is more pronounced in three countries (Kuwait with 22 per cent excess males; Palestine 28 per cent, and Uganda 30 per cent) whilst Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Mozambique have proportion of females exceeding the males by at least two percentage points. About 61 per cent of the IDB member countries population are in the working age group (15-64 years) in 2004 with the youths (aged 0-14 years) constituting 36 per cent, and the old age group (65+ years) representing the remaining 4 per cent. Youth population is burgeoning: More than half of member countries have more youths than the average for the IDB member countries. By contrast, about two-fifths of member countries have working age group that exceeded the average for member countries while only one-thirds of member countries have excess of average old age group for member countries. The total dependency burden on people who are of working and productive age in member countries varies according to age structure. Every 100 persons of the working age group in the IDB member countries are responsible for the support of between 36 persons (in Kuwait) and 108 persons (in Uganda) in 2004. 1.2 Vital Statistics and Mortality Surface areas covered by various member countries, which are spread over four major continents, are uneven. Population density in IDB member countries as a group has increased from 35 persons per square kilometers in 1990 to 40 persons per square kilometers in 2003. This trend is not congruent with developing countries and the world where population density has inched down, respectively, from 57 in 1990 to 53 persons per square kilometers in 2003 and from 49 in 1990 to 48 persons per square kilometers in 2003. About two-thirds of member countries have population density that are higher than the average for the member countries. Individual country reveals wide population density disparity ranging from 3 persons per square kilometers in Libya, Mauritania, and Suriname to about 1,000 persons per square kilometers in Bahrain, Bangladesh, and Maldives. 3
The average crude birth rate for member countries has inched down to 27 per 1,000 persons in 2003 from 34 per 1,000 persons in 1990. The average crude death rate for member countries has also dropped from 11 per 1,000 persons in 1990 to 10 per 1,000 persons in 2003. Accordingly, the natural growth rate of population ---the difference between the crude birth rate and crude death rate--- has decreased from 23 per 1,000 persons in 1990 to 17 per 1,000 persons in 2003. Total fertility rate for IDB member countries as a whole has decreased marginally from 5 births per woman in 1990 to 3 births per woman in 2003; these figures are relatively and slightly more than the averages for developing countries' and world's at 3 birth per woman in 2003. Indeed, the average birth per woman for member countries is twice as high as those experienced in high income countries at 2 births per woman. Nearly half of member countries have births per woman that exceeded the average for the member countries. For every 1,000 live births in IDB member countries in 1990, about 114 died before reaching the age of 5. By 2003, the average mortality rate of under-5 for member countries has dropped significantly to 76 per 1,000 live births. In contrast, the average infant mortality rate for member countries which was 79 per 1,000 live births in 1990 has also dropped to 54 per 1,000 live births in 2003. 1.3 Education Universal primary education for the world's population is embedded in the Millennium development goals which call for reduction in illiteracy rate at country level. The adult illiteracy rate for member countries has declined from 43 per cent in 1990 to 32 per cent in 2002. At individual country level, illiteracy rate varies from 1 per cent in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to 83 per cent in Niger in 2002. However, in terms of enrollment in primary and secondary schools, the average ratios for the member countries have almost remain unchanged at around 90 per cent and 40 per cent respectively since 1990. At the country level, 10 member countries witnessed a decline in both gross primary school enrolment ratio and gross secondary school enrolment ratio since 1990. 1.4 Health A child born in 2003 in IDB member countries is expected to have an average life span of 63 years whereas he or she would have had an average life expectancy of 60 years in 1990. Thus over 12 years, the average life expectancy for member countries has increased by 3 years; this trend contrasted sharply with those observed in the developing countries and the World which, respectively, have life expectancy at 65 years and 67 years in 2003. At country level, the life expectancy range from 37 years in Sierra-Leone to 77 years in Brunei and Kuwait. The percentage of population in member countries with access to safe water, sanitation, and drugs has increased generally in most of the years for which data are available. During 2003, the population with access to improved safe water in member countries ranges from 13 per cent in Afghanistan to 100 per cent in Lebanon and Qatar whilst the population with access to sanitation also ranges from 12 per cent in Afghanistan to 100 per cent in Kyrgyz Republic and Saudi Arabia. For every 1,000 persons in member countries, there are 0.7 physicians in 2004. Individual country has physicians that vary from 0.1 to 3.5 physicians per 1,000 people in Azerbaijan. During 2002, the IDB member countries as a group expended 4.6 per cent of their total output (GDP) in health as compared to 3.7 per cent in 1990. The figure for 2002 is unfortunately not at par with the share for the world at 10 per cent, high-income countries at 11 per cent, and 4
developing countries at 5.9 per cent. The individual member country's share of health expenditure in 2002 varies from 1.5 per cent of GDP in Iraq to 11.5 per cent of the GDP in Lebanon. The shares of the public and private expenditures on health in IDB member countries are respectively 2.5 and 2.2 per cent of the GDP in 2002 as compared to the world's at 5.8 per cent and 4.2 per cent of GDP respectively. The average per capita health expenditure for the IDB member countries has dropped from US$71 in 1990 to US$56 in 2002 while the figures for other economic groupings recorded an upward trend (developing countries from US$43 in 1990 to US$75 in 2002; high-income countries from US$1,742 in 1990 to US$3,039 in 2002; and the world from US$359 in 1990 to US$524 in 2002). 1.5 Poverty and Human Development The population of IDB member countries who are below the national poverty line ranges from 7.6 per cent in Tunisia to 69 per cent in Mozambique. At the international level, the proportion of population below $1 a day in IDB member countries ranges from less than 2 per cent (Albania, Algeria, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey) to 72.8 per cent (Mali). In contrast, the proportion of population below $2 a day in member countries ranges from 6.6 per cent (Tunisia) to 96.6 per cent (Uganda). Similarly, the proportion of people who are left out of progress (i.e. deprived) in member countries, measured by human poverty index, ranges from 7.2 per cent (Jordan) to 65.5 per cent (Burkina Faso) in 2002. However, in terms of human development index (HDI) of 2002, 5 IDB member countries (Brunei with rank 33, Bahrain with rank 40, Kuwait with rank 44, Qatar with rank 47, and UAE with rank 49) are in high human development category, while 28 countries are in medium human development category (with ranks ranging from 58 to 141), and 18 countries are classified into low medium development category with ranks ranging from 142 to 177. The countries at the bottom of HDI ranking are all from IDB member countries (Mali at rank 174, Burkina Faso at rank 175, Niger at rank 176, and Sierra Leone at rank 177). 1.6 Information and Communication technology Information and communication technology (ICT) is an engine for economic growth. The reason for this is not far-fetched: ICT creates jobs and enables country to leapfrog development as well as attracts investments. The IDB member countries as a group has an average of 41 daily newspapers, 211 radios, and 165 television per 1,000 people in 2001. Compared to the world's average of 183 telephone mainlines per 1,000 people, the member countries have 73 telephone mainlines per 1,000 people in 2003. IDB member countries as a group has an average of 27 personal computers (PCs) per 1,000 people in 2002 as compared to the world's average of 101 PCs per 1,000 people. In terms of internet users, there are 44 internet users per 1,000 people in 2002 as compared to 75 per 1,000 people in developing countries. These figures, although impressive, show that most member countries are still lagging behind in adopting and diffusing ICT for development. 1.7 Employment indicators Science and technology are the driving force for innovation and creativity. In this age of technology, a country's ability to meet its technology needs depend on strengthening indigenous technology and producing more human capital in R&D. Between 1990 and 2002, the number of scientists and engineers in R&D in the individual member country has ranged from 2 per million people (Senegal) to 1,977 per million people (Azerbaijan). In 2003, IDB member countries' high technology exports range from US$ 1 million (Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Suriname, and Uganda) to US$47,042 million (Malaysia). In contrast, the 5
patent applications filed by people resident in member countries vary from 2 (Kazakhstan and Sudan) to 717 (Uzbekistan) in 2002. 1.8 Employment indicators The average labour force for member countries as per cent of the working age group has remained unchanged at 73 per cent since 1990. Between 1990 and 2002, the annual average growth rate of the labour force range from -0.8 in Bangladesh to 1.1 per cent in Algeria. During the period 1999-2002, the percentage of labour force in agriculture varies from 6 per cent in Morocco and Suriname to 62 per cent in Bangladesh. Similarly, the percentage of labour force in industry varies from 10 percent (Bangladesh) to 33 per cent (Morocco and U.A.E). Also the percentage of labour force in services sector varies from 24 per cent in Bangladesh to 59 per cent in Morocco. 1.9 Wage, Productivity, and Competitiveness The average hours worked per week in member countries range from 43 (Indonesia) to 52 (Bangladesh) during the period 1995-1999 and the minimum wage during the same period range from US$65 per year (Kyrgyz) to US$ 8,244 per year (Kuwait). Productivity, proxied by labor cost per worker or value added per worker in manufacturing, has generally inched up in I member countries between the periods 1980-84 and 1995-99 except in few countries where productivity (i.e. labor cost per worker) has declined: Algeria (from US$ 6242 in 1980-84 to US$2638 in 1995-99), Egypt (from US$2210 in 1980-84 to US$1863 in 1995-99), Jordan (from US$4643 in 1980-84 to US$2082 in 1995-99), Kyrgyz (from US$2287 in 1980-84 to US$687 in 1995-99) and Yemen (from US$4492 in 1980-84 to US$1291 in 1995-99). In terms of competitiveness, only four IDB member countries have data out of the 60 countries reported in the World Competitiveness Yearbook 2005. Of the four member countries, Malaysia and Indonesia have slipped from rank 16 and 58 in 2004 to rank 28 and 59 respectively in 2005, while Jordan and Turkey have improved their competitiveness performance from 48 and 55 in 2004 to 44 and 48 in 2005. 1.10 Land Use and Environment The share of arable land of member countries as a group in total land area has increased marginally by about 0.6 percent point from 7.1 per cent in 1990 to 7.7 per cent in 2002. The permanent crop land of member countries, however, has remained at 1.4 per cent of the total land area since 1990s. Non-agricultural land (i.e. others) of member countries has accounted for the lion's share of the total land area at around 90 per cent since 1990s. The forest area of member countries occupies 13 per cent of the total land area in 2000, which is considerably less than the corresponding figures for the low-income countries at 27 per cent, the developing countries at 31 per cent and the world s at 30 per cent. The total forest area of member countries covers 4,039 thousand square km in 2000, which represents 13 per cent of the forest area of the developing countries and 11 per cent of the world's forest area. Average annual deforestation for member countries has been 0.9 per cent over the period 1990-2000. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita for member countries as a group is at 1.9 metric tons in 1990 and down to 2.1 metric tons in 2000. 6
1.11 Food and Agricultural Production The rice production of member countries as a group represents 19 per cent of world's total rice production. Wheat accounts for 16 per cent of the world's wheat production, while maize constitutes about 5 per cent of the world's maize production. Agricultural and food production indices have generally shown an upward trend. In particular, agricultural production indices for IDB member countries as a group have increased from 72.1 in 1990 to 107 in 2004; and the food production indices have also increased similarly from 71.6 in 1990 to 107 in 2004. However, the par capita agricultural and food production indices have shown downward trend during 1990-2004. 7
Table 1.1: Population Mid-Year Population (million) Growth Rate (%) Country 1980 1990 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1985-1994 1995-2004 Afghanistan 16.0 17.7 25.9 26.6 27.3 28.0 28.8 29.5 3.0 3.3 Albania 2.7 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 1.0 0.01 Algeria 18.7 25.0 30.0 30.4 30.8 31.3 31.8 32.4 2.5 1.6 Azerbaijan 6.2 7.2 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.3 1.4 0.8 Bahrain 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.0 2.5 Bangladesh 85.4 110.0 128.8 131.1 133.3 135.7 138.1 140.5 2.2 1.7 Benin 3.5 4.7 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.9 3.2 2.6 Brunei 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.9 2.2 Burkina Faso 7.0 8.9 11.0 11.3 11.6 11.8 12.1 12.4 2.4 2.4 Cameroon 8.8 11.7 14.8 15.1 15.4 15.8 16.1 16.4 2.9 2.2 Chad 4.5 5.8 7.6 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.6 8.8 2.7 3.0 Comoros 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.6 2.5 Cote d'ivoire 8.2 11.8 15.5 15.8 16.2 16.5 16.8 17.1 3.4 2.3 Djibouti 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.1 2.3 Egypt 40.9 52.4 62.8 64.0 65.2 66.4 67.6 68.7 2.3 1.8 Gabon 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 3.1 2.4 Gambia 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 4.0 2.9 Guinea 4.5 5.8 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.9 8.1 2.8 2.3 Guinea-Bissau 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 2.9 2.8 Indonesia 148.3 178.2 203.6 206.3 209.0 211.8 214.7 217.6 1.7 1.4 Iran 39.1 54.4 62.7 63.7 64.5 65.5 66.4 66.9 2.3 1.4 Iraq 13.0 18.1 22.8 23.2 23.7 24.2 24.7 25.3 3.1 2.2 Jordan 2.2 3.2 4.7 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.4 4.8 2.9 Kazakhstan 14.9 16.3 15.3 15.1 14.9 14.9 14.9 15.0 0.5-0.8 Kuwait 1.4 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5-0.2 3.5 Kyrgyz Republic 3.6 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 1.4 1.2 Lebanon 3.0 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 2.0 1.4 Libya 3.0 4.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.7 2.3 2.0 Malaysia 13.8 18.2 22.7 23.3 23.8 24.3 24.8 25.2 2.8 2.2 Maldives 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.8 2.3 Mali 6.6 8.5 10.6 10.8 11.1 11.4 11.7 11.9 2.7 2.4 Mauritania 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.4 2.6 Morocco 19.4 24.0 28.2 28.7 29.2 29.6 30.1 30.6 2.0 1.6 Mozambique 12.1 14.2 17.3 17.7 18.1 18.4 18.8 19.1 1.4 2.1 Niger 5.6 7.7 10.4 10.7 11.1 11.4 11.8 12.1 3.2 3.2 Oman 1.1 1.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 4.4 2.4 Pakistan 82.7 108.0 134.8 138.1 141.5 144.9 148.4 152.1 2.6 2.4 Palestine.. 2.0 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5.. 4.2 Qatar 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 3.7 2.6 Saudi Arabia 9.4 15.8 20.2 20.7 21.3 21.9 22.5 23.2 4.0 2.7 Senegal 5.5 7.3 9.3 9.5 9.8 10.0 10.2 10.5 2.7 2.6 Sierra-Leone 3.2 4.0 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 2.3 2.1 Somalia 6.5 7.2 8.4 8.7 9.0 9.3 9.6 9.9 1.6 3.3 Sudan 19.4 24.9 30.8 31.4 32.1 32.8 33.5 34.4 2.1 2.3 Suriname 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 Syria 8.7 12.1 15.8 16.2 16.6 17.0 17.4 17.8 3.1 2.5 Tajikistan 4.0 5.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 2.5 0.9 Togo 2.5 3.5 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 2.7 2.8 Tunisia 6.4 8.2 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 10.0 2.2 1.2 Turkey 44.5 56.2 66.3 67.4 68.5 69.6 70.7 71.7 2.1 1.7 Turkmenistan 2.9 3.7 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 2.7 1.8 Uganda 12.8 17.4 22.6 23.3 23.9 24.6 25.3 25.9 3.4 2.7 United Arab Emirates 1.0 1.8 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.2 5.6 6.5 Uzbekistan 16.0 20.5 24.4 24.7 25.0 25.3 25.6 25.9 2.3 1.4 Yemen Republic 8.5 11.9 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.6 19.2 19.8 4.3 2.9 IDB Countries 732.8 940.3 1,132.5 1,154.1 1,175.9 1,198.4 1,221.1 1,243.5 2.3 1.9 Memo: OIC Countries 804.7 1,037.3 1,257.2 1,281.7 1,306.7 1,332.4 1,358.3 1,350.4 2.4 2.0 Least Developed Countries 402.4 519.8 618.8 631.9 646.1 660.4 674.8.. 2.5.. Developing Countries 3,599.9 4,366.2 5,030.3 5,098.2 5,167.1 5,232.9 5,300.5.. 1.8.. High Income Countries 830.0 887.2 947.6 954.1 960.5 966.8 972.1.. 0.7.. World 4,430.0 5,253.4 5,977.9 6,052.3 6,127.7 6,199.7 6,272.5.. 1.6.. * Figures for Afghanistan and UAE for 2004 were projected. 9
Table 1.2: Population Structure Gender Structure Population age composition Dependency ratios* Male Female 0-14 yrs 15-64 yrs 65+ yrs Young Old Total % % (%) (%) (%) Country 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 Afghanistan................ Albania 51.1 48.9 26.7 65.8 7.5 40.6 11.4 52.0 Algeria 50.6 49.4 33.2 62.7 4.1 53.0 6.5 59.5 Azerbaijan 49.1 50.9 26.3 66.1 7.6 39.8 11.5 51.3 Bahrain 54.8 45.2 26.7 70.7 2.6 37.8 3.7 41.4 Bangladesh 50.2 49.8 34.7 61.9 3.4 56.1 5.5 61.6 Benin 49.2 50.8 44.5 52.9 2.6 84.1 4.9 89.0 Brunei 52.5 47.5 29.9 67.0 3.2 44.6 4.8 49.4 Burkina Faso 49.6 50.4 46.8 50.5 2.7 92.7 5.3 98.0 Cameroon 49.7 50.3 40.9 55.4 3.7 73.8 6.7 80.5 Chad 49.4 50.6 47.2 50.1 2.7 94.2 5.4 99.6 Comoros 49.9 50.1 41.3 56.0 2.7 73.8 4.8 78.6 Cote d'ivoire 50.9 49.1 41.2 56.2 2.6 73.3 4.6 77.9 Djibouti 50.0 50.0 42.5 54.5 3.0 78.0 5.5 83.5 Egypt 50.9 49.1 32.9 62.7 4.4 52.5 7.0 59.5 Gabon 49.7 50.3 40.5 54.0 5.5 75.0 10.2 85.2 Gambia 49.5 50.5 40.6 56.1 3.3 72.4 5.9 78.3 Guinea 50.3 49.7 43.3 54.2 2.5 79.9 4.6 84.5 Guinea-Bissau 49.4 50.6 44.7 51.9 3.4 86.1 6.6 92.7 Indonesia 49.9 50.1 29.5 65.5 5.0 45.0 7.6 52.7 Iran 50.2 49.8............ Iraq 50.8 49.2 38.6 58.2 3.1 66.3 5.3 71.6 Jordan 51.6 48.4 37.1 59.7 3.2 62.1 5.4 67.5 Kazakhstan 48.3 51.7 23.7 68.0 8.4 34.9 12.4 47.2 Kuwait 61.0 39.0 24.4 73.6 2.0 33.2 2.7 35.9 Kyrgyz Republic 48.9 51.1 30.8 63.0 6.2 48.9 9.8 58.7 Lebanon 49.3 50.7 29.7 64.4 5.9 46.1 9.2 55.3 Libya 51.5 48.5 32.1 64.1 3.8 50.1 5.9 56.0 Malaysia 50.5 49.5 32.7 62.8 4.5 52.1 7.2 59.2 Maldives 50.5 49.5 38.3 57.7 4.0 66.4 6.9 73.3 Mali 49.1 50.9 47.2 50.2 2.7 94.0 5.4 99.4 Mauritania 49.4 50.6 42.1 54.8 3.1 76.8 5.7 82.5 Morocco 50.0 50.0 32.4 63.2 4.4 51.3 7.0 58.2 Mozambique 48.8 51.2 42.0 54.4 3.6 77.2 6.6 83.8 Niger 50.3 49.7 48.8 48.9 2.3 99.8 4.7 104.5 Oman 52.5 47.5 40.3 56.8 2.9 71.0 5.1 76.1 Pakistan 51.7 48.3 39.6 57.1 3.4 69.4 6.0 75.3 Palestine 63.9 36.1.... 3.0...... Qatar 53.9 46.1 23.5 73.2 3.4 32.1 4.6 36.7 Saudi Arabia 49.7 50.3 40.0 57.1 2.9 70.1 5.1 75.1 Senegal 49.1 50.9 43.2 54.1 2.7 79.9 5.0 84.8 Sierra-Leone 49.6 50.4 43.1 54.3 2.6 79.4 4.8 84.2 Somalia 50.3 49.7 47.8 49.8 2.4 96.0 4.8 100.8 Sudan 49.6 50.4 39.3 57.1 3.6 68.8 6.3 75.1 Suriname 50.5 49.5 28.3 66.1 5.6 42.8 8.5 51.3 Syria 49.9 50.1 37.3 59.5 3.2 62.7 5.4 68.1 Tajikistan 49.6 50.4 35.5 59.8 4.7 59.4 7.9 67.2 Togo 50.4 49.6 42.9 53.9 3.2 79.6 5.9 85.5 Tunisia 49.8 50.2 26.7 67.1 6.1 39.8 9.1 48.9 Turkey 49.5 50.5 28.2 65.8 6.0 42.9 9.1 52.0 Turkmenistan 50.1 49.9 32.9 62.5 4.5 52.6 7.2 59.8 Uganda 64.9 35.1 50.0 48.2 1.8 103.7 3.7 107.5 United Arab Emirates 49.7 50.3............ Uzbekistan 50.7 49.3 32.3 62.8 4.9 51.4 7.8 59.2 Yemen Republic 50.9 49.1 44.8 52.7 2.5 85.0 4.7 89.8 IDB Countries 50.6 49.4 35.4 60.5 4.1 56.4 6.2 62.6 Memo: OIC Countries 50.5 49.5 36.4 57.5 3.9 59.1 6.1 65.2 LDCs 49.9 50.1............ Developing Countries 50.6 49.4............ High Income Countries 49.4 50.6............ World 50.4 49.6............ *dependents as proportion of working age population 10
Table 1.3: Vital Statistics Population Density Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Total Fertility Rate (person/square km) (per 1,000 persons) (per 1,000 persons) (birth per woman) Country 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 Afghanistan 27 41 44 49 48.. 22 21.. 7 7.. Albania 120 114 116 25 17 17 6 5 6 3 2 2 Algeria 11 13 13 31 24 22 7 5 5 4 3 3 Azerbaijan.. 93 95 26 15 16 6 6 7 3 2 2 Bahrain 729 944 1,003 27 20 21 5 3 4 4 3 2 Bangladesh 845 1,007 1,061 33 28 28 12 9 8 4 3 3 Benin 43 56 61 45 39 38 15 13 13 7 6 5 Brunei 49 64 68 26 22 18 4 3 3 3 3 2 Burkina Faso 32 41 44 47 44 43 18 19 19 7 7 6 Cameroon 25 32 35 41 37 35 13 14 16 6 5 5 Chad 5 6 7 47 45 45 19 16 16 7 6 6 Comoros 194 250 269 40 33 32 12 8 8 6 4 4 Cote d'ivoire 37 50 53 42 37 37 15 17 17 6 5 5 Djibouti 21 29 30 40 37 36 17 18 20 6 5 5 Egypt 53 64 68 31 25 24 9 6 6 4 3 3 Gabon 4 5 5 36 36 35 16 16 15 5 4 4 Gambia 93 131 142 45 39 36 20 14 14 6 5 5 Guinea 23 30 32 46 39 37 20 17 17 6 5 5 Guinea-Bissau 36 49 53 50 49 49 22 20 20 7 7 7 Indonesia 98 114 118 25 22 21 9 7 7 3 2 2 Iran 33 39 41 31 20 18 7 6 6 5 2 2 Iraq 41 53 56 38 31 29 9 9 8 6 4 4 Jordan 36 55 60 36 29 28 6 4 4 5 4 3 Kazakhstan.. 6 6 22 15 15 8 10 10 3 2 2 Kuwait 119 123 134 25 20 20 2 2 3 3 3 3 Kyrgyz Republic.. 26 26 29 20 19 7 7 8 4 3 2 Lebanon 355 423 440 28 20 19 8 6 6 3 2 2 Libya 2 3 3 30 27 27 5 5 4 5 4 3 Malaysia 55 71 75 29 25 21 5 4 5 4 3 3 Maldives 710 913 977 39 31 29 9 7 7 6 4 4 Mali 7 9 10 51 47 48 19 21 23 7 6 6 Mauritania 2 3 3 44 37 34 16 15 15 6 5 5 Morocco 54 64 67 31 22.. 8 6.. 4 3 3 Mozambique 18 23 24 45 40 40 19 20 21 6 5 5 Niger 6 8 9 56 50 48 23 20 19 8 7 7 Oman 5 8 8 44 28 26 5 3 3 7 4 4 Pakistan 140 179 193 41 34 32 13 8 8 6 5 4 Palestine........ 38 34.. 4.... 5 5 Qatar 44 53 57 25 14 14 4 3 4 4 3 2 Saudi Arabia 7 10 10 36 33 31 5 4 4 7 5 5 Senegal 38 49 52 43 37 34 16 13 13 6 5 5 Sierra-Leone 56 70 75 49 45 44 29 25 25 7 6 6 Somalia 11 14 15 52 51 50 23 18 18 7 7 7 Sudan 10 13 14 38 34 33 14 11 10 5 5 4 Suriname 3 3 3 29 23 21 7 7 6 3 2 2 Syria 66 88 95 37 29 29 6 5 4 5 4 3 Tajikistan.. 44 45 39 19 22 6 5 7 5 3 3 Togo 64 84 89 43 38 35 15 15 15 7 5 5 Tunisia 52 62 64 25 17 17 6 6 6 3 2 2 Turkey 73 88 92 25 21 21 7 6 7 3 2 2 Turkmenistan.. 10 10 34 22 22 7 7 8 4 2 3 Uganda 88 118 128 50 46 44 18 19 18 7 6 6 United Arab Emirates 22 34 48 24 17 17 3 3 4 4 3 3 Uzbekistan.. 60 62 34 22 20 6 6 6 4 3 2 Yemen Republic 22 33 36 47 40 41 14 11 10 8 6 6 IDB Countries 35 38 40 34 29 27 11 9 10 5 4 3 Memo: OIC Countries 37 40 43 35 30 29 11 10 10 5 4 4 LDCs 27 33 35 42 38 36 16 15 15 6 5 5 Developing Countries 57 51 53 28 23 22 9 9 9 3 3 3 High Income Countries 29 31 31 14 12 12 9 9 9 2 2 2 World 49 46 48 25 21 21 9 9 9 3 3 3 11
Table 1.4: Mortality Indicators Under-5 Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Maternal Mortality Rate (per 100,000 live births) Country 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1985-2002 a Afghanistan 260 257.. 168 165.... Albania 42 26 21 37 22 18 20 Algeria 69 50 41 54 37 35 140 Azerbaijan 106 97 91 84 77 75 25 Bahrain 19 16 15 15 13 12 46 Bangladesh 144 82 69 96 54 46 380 Benin 185 157 154 111 95 91 500 Brunei 11 7 6 10 6 5 0 Burkina Faso 210 207 207 118 107 107 480 Cameroon 139 166 166 85 95 95 430 Chad 203 200 200 117 117 117 830 Comoros 120 82 73 88 61 54.. Cote d'ivoire 157 188 192 103 115 117 600 Djibouti 175 146 138 119 102 97 74 Egypt 104 45 39 76 40 33 84 Gabon 96 87 91 60 60 60 520 Gambia 154 128 123 103 92 90.. Guinea 240 175 160 145 112 104 530 Guinea-Bissau 253 215 204 153 132 126 910 Indonesia 91 48 41 60 35 31 380 Iran 72 44 39 54 36 33 37 Iraq 50 125 125 40 102 102 290 Jordan 43 34 28 33 25 23 41 Kazakhstan 52 98 73 53 63 63 50 Kuwait 16 10 9 14 9 8 5 Kyrgyz Republic 83 63 68 68 60 59 44 Lebanon 37 32 31 32 28 27 100 Libya 42 20 16 34 17 13 77 Malaysia 21 9 7 80 59 55 30 Maldives 115 80 72 16 8 7 350 Mali 250 224 220 140 124 122 580 Mauritania 183 183 107 112 84 77 750 Morocco 85 46 39 66 41 36 230 Mozambique 240 208 147 146 110 101 1100 Niger 320 270 262 191 159 154 590 Oman 30 14 12 25 12 10 23 Pakistan 138 108 98 96 81 74 530 Palestine.............. Qatar 25 16 15 19 12 11 5 Saudi Arabia 44 29 26 34 24 22.. Senegal 148 139 137 90 80 78 560 Sierra-Leone 302 286 284 175 167 166 1800 Somalia 225 225 225 133 133 133.. Sudan 120 97 93 74 65 63 550 Suriname 44 33 39 35 31 30 110 Syria 44 29 18 35 19 16 110 Tajikistan 127 117 95 92 80 76 45 Togo 152 142 140 88 80 78 480 Tunisia 52 28 24 41 22 19 69 Turkey 78 45 39 64 38 33 130 Turkmenistan 98 88 102 80 77 79 9 Uganda 160 145 140 93 85 81 510 United Arab Emirates 14 9 8 12 8 7 3 Uzbekistan 65 66 69 65 59 57 34 Yemen Republic 142 117 113 98 84 82 350 IDB Member Countries 114 86 76 79 61 54 -- Memo: OIC Countries 125 98 88 82 63 59 -- LDCs 183 162 150 115 102 94 -- Developing Countries 103 90 87 69 62 59 -- High Income Countries 10 7 8 6 -- World 95 83 86 64 57 57 -- a. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specifie 12
Table 1.5 : Education Indicators Adult IIliteracy Rate (%) Primary School Enrollment Secondary School Enrollment (% gross) (% gross) Country 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2002 Afghanistan...... 29 15 92 10.. 3 Albania 23 15.. 100 107.. 78 78.. Algeria 47 33 31 101 107 109 61 68 80 Azerbaijan...... 111 93 92 88 80 83 Bahrain 18 12 12 110 98 97 100 95 96 Bangladesh 66 60 59 80 99 96 20 46 47 Benin 74 63 60 59 97 109 12.. 28 Brunei 14.... 115 109 106 69 87 90 Burkina Faso 84.... 33 44 46 7 10 11 Cameroon 42 29.. 99 106 108 27.. 31 Chad 72 57 54 55 73 78 7.. 15 Comoros 46 44 44 75 86 90 18.. 31 Cote d'ivoire 61.... 65 78 78 21.... Djibouti...... 38 40 40 12 18 20 Egypt 53.... 91 97.. 71 85.. Gabon...... 142 129 132.. 50.. Gambia...... 61 79 85 18 34 34 Guinea...... 34 67 81 9.. 24 Guinea-Bissau...... 50.... 9.... Indonesia 20 13 12 114 110.. 45 57.. Iran 37 24.. 109 93.. 57 82 78 Iraq...... 116.. 110 49.. 43 Jordan 18 10 9 101.... 63.... Kazakhstan 1 1 1 88 97 102 97 89 92 Kuwait 23 18 17 60 94 94 43 88 89 Kyrgyz Republic........ 101 101 100 86 92 Lebanon...... 113 102 103 73 76 79 Libya 32 20 18 105 115 114 86.. 105 Malaysia 19 11.. 94 97.. 56 69.. Maldives 5 3 3 134 131 118 50 55 67 Mali 81 81.. 25 54 58 7.. 20 Mauritania 65 60 59 50 85 88 13 22 23 Morocco 61 51 49 65 101 110 36 41 45 Mozambique 67 56 54 64 91 103 7 12 16 Niger 89 84 83 28 36 44 6 6 7 Oman 45 28 26 85 84 81 45 76 80 Pakistan 65...... 73 68 25.. 23 Palestine.................. Qatar 23.... 101 106 106 84 89 94 Saudi Arabia 34 24 22 73 68 67 44 69 67 Senegal 72 63 61 58 74 80 16 17 19 Sierra-Leone...... 50 79.. 17.... Somalia............ 6.... Sudan 54 42 40 52 58 60 22 32 35 Suriname...... 100 127 126 52 87 74 Syria 35 26 17 102 109 115 49 43 48 Tajikistan 2 1.. 91 104 110 102 79 86 Togo 56 43 40 110 123 121 23.... Tunisia 41 29 27 114 113.. 44 78.. Turkey 22 14.. 99 92.. 48 73.. Turkmenistan............ 107.... Uganda 44 33 31 69 134 141 12.. 17 United Arab Emirates 29 24 23 111 91 97 65 80 79 Uzbekistan 1 1 1 81.. 103 99.. 95 Yemen Republic 67 54 51 65 79 83 58 46 47 IDB MCs 43 31 32 89 92 89 41 52 44 Memo: OIC Countries 44 32 32 89 91 89 41 51 44 LDCs 62 48 46 67 79 90 16 30 35 Developing Countries 32 22 -- 100 101 -- 47 60 -- High Income Countries -- -- -- 103 102 -- 94 106 -- World 30 21 -- 101 101 -- 55 68 -- 13
Table 1.6: Health Indicators Life Expectancy Population with access to Physicians Hospital beds at birth Safe Water Sanitation Drugs Per 1,000 Per 1,000 (Year) (%) (%) (%) People People Country 1990 2003 2003 2003 1999 1990 2004 1990 1997-2002 Afghanistan 42.. 13 12.. 0.1 0.2 0.2.. Albania 72 74 97 91 50-79 1.4 1.4 4.0 3.3 Algeria 67 71 87 92 95-100 0.9 0.8 2.5 2.1 Azerbaijan 71.. 77 81 50-79 3.9 3.5 10.1 8.5 Bahrain 71 73.... 95-100.. 1.6.. 2.9 Bangladesh 55 62 75 48 50-79 0.2 0.2 0.3.. Benin 52 53 68 23 50-79 0.1 0.1 0.8.. Brunei 74 77.... 95-100.. 1.0.... Burkina Faso 45 43 51 29 50-79.. 0.0 0.3.. Cameroon 54 48 63 79 50-79 0.1 0.1 2.6.. Chad 46 48 34 29 0-49.. 0.0.... Comoros 56 62 94 98 80-94 0.1 0.1 2.8.. Cote d'ivoire 50 45 84 52 80-94 0.1 0.1 0.8.. Djibouti 48 43 80 91 80-94 0.2 0.1 2.5.. Egypt 63 69 98 98 80-94 0.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 Gabon 52 53 87 53 0-49.. 0.3 3.2 Gambia 49 53 82 37 80-94.. 0.0 0.6.. Guinea 44 46 51 58 80-94 0.1 0.1 0.6.. Guinea-Bissau 42 46 59 56 0-49.. 0.2 1.5.. Indonesia 62 67 78 55 80-94 0.1 0.2 0.7.. Iran 65 69 93 83 80-94.. 1.0 1.4.. Iraq 61 63 81 79.. 0.6 0.5 1.7 1.5 Jordan 68 72 91 99 95-100.. 2.0 1.8 1.8 Kazakhstan 68 61 86 99 50-79 4.0 3.3 13.7 7.0 Kuwait 75 77.... 95-100 0.2 1.5.. 2.8 Kyrgyz Republic 68 65 76 100 50-79 3.4 2.7 12.0 5.5 Lebanon 68 71 100 99 80-94.. 3.3 1.7 2.7 Libya 68 73 72 97 95-100 1.1 1.3 4.2 4.3 Malaysia 71 73 95.. 50-79 0.4 0.7 2.1.. Maldives 62 69 84 56 50-79 0.1 0.8 0.8.. Mali 45 41 48 69 50-79 0.1 0.0.. 0.2 Mauritania 49 51 56 33 50-79 0.1 0.1 0.7.. Morocco 63 69 80 68 50-79.. 0.5 1.3 1.0 Mozambique 43 41 42 43 50-79 0.0 0.0 0.9.. Niger 42 46 46 20 50-79 0.0 0.0.. 0.1 Oman 69 74 79 92 80-94 0.6 1.3 2.1 2.2 Pakistan 59 64 90 62 50-79 0.5 0.7 0.6.. Palestine.. 73........ 0.8.... Qatar 72 75 100.. 95-100 1.5 2.2.. 1.6 Saudi Arabia 69 73.. 100 95-100 1.4 1.4 2.5 2.3 Senegal 50 52 72 70 50-79 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 Sierra-Leone 35 37 57 66 0-49.. 0.1.... Somalia 42 47 29...... 0.0 0.8.. Sudan 52 59 69 62 0-49.. 0.2 1.1.. Suriname 69 70 92 93 95-100 0.8 0.5 5.7.. Syria 66 70 79 90 80-94 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.4 Tajikistan 69 66 58 90 0-49 2.6 2.2 10.7 6.4 Togo 50 50 51 34 50-79.. 0.1 1.5.. Tunisia 70 73 82 84 50-79 0.5 0.7 1.9 1.7 Turkey 66 69 93 90 95-100 0.9 1.2 2.1 2.6 Turkmenistan 66 64 71.. 50-79 3.6 3.2 11.5 7.1 Uganda 47 43 56 79 50-79.. 0.0.... United Arab Emirates 74 75.... 95-100 0.8 2.0 2.6.. Uzbekistan 69 67 89 89 50-79 3.4 2.9 12.5 5.3 Yemen Republic 52 58 69 38 50-79 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.6 IDB Countries 60 63 76 63.. 0.6 0.7 1.8.. Memo: OIC Countries 59 61 74 62.. 0.6 0.7 1.8.. LDCs 50 51 59 44.. 0.1 0.1 0.7.. Developing Coun 63 65 79 52.. 1.3 1.1 3.1.. High Income Coun 76 78 99.... 2.4 3.8 7.9.. World 65 67 82 56.. 1.6 1.5 4.0.. 14
Table 1.7: Health Expenditures Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP) Public Expenditure on Health (% of GDP) Private Expenditure on Health (% of GDP) Health Expenditure per capita (US$) Country 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2002 1990 2000 2002 Afghanistan.. 6.0 8.0.. 0.4 3.1.. 5.6 4.9.. 8 14 Albania 3.9 3.2 3.4 3.4 2.4 2.4 0.6 0.8 1.0.. 39 52 Algeria 4.2 3.6 4.3 3 2.5 3.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 103 65 77 Azerbaijan 3.3 3.9 3.7 2.7 0.9 0.8 0.6 3.0 2.9.. 25 27 Bahrain 7 4.1 4.4.. 2.8 3.2.. 1.3 1.2 554 483 517 Bangladesh 2.8 3.2 3.1 0.7 0.8 0.8 2 2.4 2.3 7 11 11 Benin 2.8 4.6 4.7 1.6 2.0 2.1 1.2 2.6 2.6 11 17 20 Brunei.. 3.6 3.5 1.6 2.9 2.7.. 0.7 0.8.. 470 430 Burkina Faso 4.1 4.5 4.3 1 1.8 2.0 3.2 2.7 2.3 13 10 11 Cameroon 1.7 4.7 4.6 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 3.4 3.4 18 28 31 Chad.. 6.9 6.5.. 2.8 2.7.. 4.1 3.8.. 11 14 Comoros.. 2.7 2.9 2.9 1.5 1.7.. 1.2 1.2.. 8 10 Cote d'ivoire 3.1 6.3 6.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.7 5.0 4.8 29 42 44 Djibouti.. 6.3 6.3.. 3.3 3.3.. 3.0 3.0.. 52 54 Egypt 4.3 5.0 4.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.5 3.2 3.1 51 67 59 Gabon 2.9 3.5 4.3 2 1.4 1.8 0.9 2.1 2.5 185 138 159 Gambia 4.8 7.2 7.3 2.2 3.2 3.3 2.6 4.0 4.0 17 23 18 Guinea 3.4 5.3 5.8 2 0.9 0.9 1.5 4.4 4.9 17 20 22 Guinea-Bissau.. 5.6 6.3 1.1 2.7 3.0.. 2.9 3.3.. 9 9 Indonesia 1.6 2.8 3.2 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.1 2.1 2.0 10 20 26 Iran 4.2 5.7 6.0 1.5 2.4 2.9 2.6 3.3 3.1 410 63 104 Iraq 5.6 1.7 1.5 3.8 0.5 0.3 1.8 1.2 1.2.. 17 11 Jordan 6.9 9.2 9.3 3.6 4.2 4.3 3.4 5.0 5.0 88 154 165 Kazakhstan.. 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.1 1.9.. 2.0 1.6.. 48 56 Kuwait.. 3.1 3.8 4 2.4 2.9.. 0.7 0.9.. 516 547 Kyrgyz Republic 5.8 4.4 4.3 4.7 2.2 2.2 1.2 2.2 2.1.. 12 14 Lebanon.. 12.0 11.5.. 3.6 3.5.. 8.4 8.0.. 577 568 Libya.. 2.8 3.3.. 1.4 1.6.. 1.4 1.7.. 175 121 Malaysia 2.5 3.3 3.8 1.5 1.8 2.0 1 1.5 1.8 59 129 149 Maldives 5.9 4.9 4.7 3.6 4.1 4.0 2.3 0.8 0.7 55 106 96 Mali 3.2 4.7 4.5 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.5 2.4 2.2 9 10 12 Mauritania.. 2.5 3.9.. 1.6 2.9 4.4 0.9 1.0.. 9 14 Morocco 2.5 4.7 4.6 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 3.1 3.1 27 54 55 Mozambique 4.7 5.1 5.8 3.6 3.4 4.1 1.1 1.7 1.7 8 10 11 Niger.. 4.5 4.0.. 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.2 2.0.. 7 7 Oman.. 3.2 3.4 2 2.5 2.8.. 0.7 0.6.. 245 246 Pakistan 4.4 3.3 3.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 3.2 2.2 2.1 16 14 13 Palestine........................ Qatar.. 2.8 3.1.. 2.1 2.4.. 0.7 0.7.. 844 935 Saudi Arabia.. 3.9 4.3.. 2.9 3.3.. 1.0 1.0.. 336 345 Senegal 2.6 4.7 5.1 0.7 2.0 2.3 2 2.7 2.8 21 22 27 Sierra-Leone.. 4.3 2.9.. 2.6 1.7 4.2 1.7 1.2.. 6 6 Somalia.. 2.6.... 1.2.... 1.4.... 6.. Sudan 2.4 4.6 4.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.7 3.8 3.9 345 17 19 Suriname 5.9 8.9 8.5 3.5 5.6 5.2 2.4 3.3 3.3 255 186 188 Syria 2.1 5.1 5.1 0.4 2.2 2.3 1.7 2.9 2.8 42 60 58 Tajikistan 5.4 3.3 3.3 4.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 2.4 2.4.. 5 6 Togo 2.8 6.5 6.9 1.4 4.8 5.1 1.4 1.7 1.8 13 92 91 Tunisia 5.6 5.6 5.8 3 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.9 84 115 126 Turkey 3.6 6.6 6.5 2.2 4.2 4.3 1.4 2.4 2.2 98 195 172 Turkmenistan 4.6 4.4 4.3 4 3.2 3.0 0.7 1.2 1.3.. 46 79 Uganda.. 6.5 7.4.. 1.7 2.1 1.8 4.8 5.3.. 16 18 United Arab Emirates 7.5 3.4 3.1 0.8 2.6 2.3 6.9 0.8 0.8 1418 787 802 Uzbekistan 5.2 5.6 5.5 4.6 2.6 2.5 0.6 3.0 3.0.. 31 21 Yemen Republic 2.5 4.3 3.7 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.3 2.8 2.7.. 23 23 IDB MCs 3.7 4.5 4.6 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.2 71 53 56 Memo: OIC Countries 3.7 4.6 4.7 1.7 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.2 71 49 53 LDCs 3.0 4.5 4.7 1.1 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.9 3.0 32 26 36 Developing Coun 4.8 5.9 5.9 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.2 3.2 43 71 75 High Income Coun 8.7 10.1 11.1 5.2 6.6 6.6 3.5 4.0 4.5 1,742 2,730 3039 World 8.1 9.3 10.0 4.7 5.8 5.8 3.4 3.9 4.2 359 478 524 15
Table 1.8: Poverty and Human Development Indicators Population below the Population Human UNDP Human national poverty line below Poverty Index Gini c Development (%) a $1 a day $2 a day (HPI) b Index Index Survey (%) (Latest (HDI) Country Year Total Urban Rural % % 2002 Rank Year) 2002 Rank Afghanistan.................... Albania 2002 25.4.. 29.6 <2 11.8.... 28.2 0.781 95 Algeria 1998 12.2 7.3 16.6 <2 15.1 21.9 43 35.3 0.704 108 Azerbaijan 2001 49.6.... 3.7 33.4.... 36.5 0.746 89 Bahrain................ 0.843 40 Bangladesh 2000 49.8 36.6 53.0 36.0 82.8 42.2 72 31.8 0.509 138 Benin.......... 45.7 80.. 0.421 161 Brunei................ 0.867 33 Burkina Faso 1998 45.3 16.5 51.0 44.8 81.0 65.5 95 48.2 0.302 175 Cameroon 2001 40.2 22.1 49.9 17.1 50.6 36.9 61 44.6 0.501 141 Chad.......... 49.6 88.. 0.379 167 Comoros.......... 31.4 49.. 0.530 136 Cote d'ivoire.......... 45.0 79 45.2 0.399 163 Djibouti.......... 34.3 55.. 0.454 154 Egypt 1996 2000 16.7 22.5 23.3 3.1 43.9 30.9 47 34.4 0.653 120 Gabon................ 0.648 122 Gambia 1992-1998 64.0 48.0 61.0 26.5 54.3 45.8 81 38.0 0.452 155 Guinea 1994 40.0............ 40.3 0.425 160 Guinea-Bissau.......... 48.0 86 47.0 0.350 172 Indonesia 1999 27.1.... 7.5 52.4 17.8 35 34.3 0.692 111 Iran.......... 16.4 31 43.0 0.732 101 Iraq.................... Jordan 1997 11.7.... <2 7.4 7.2 7 36.4 0.750 90 Kazakhstan 1996 35.0 30.0 39.0 <2 8.4.... 31.3 0.766 76 Kuwait................ 0.838 44 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 64.1 49.0 69.7........ 29.0 0.701 102 Lebanon.......... 9.5 14.. 0.758 80 Libya.......... 15.3 29.. 0.794 58 Malaysia...... <2 9.3.... 49.2 0.793 59 Maldives.......... 11.4 17.. 0.752 84 Mali 1998 64.0 30.1 75.9 72.3 90.6 58.9 93 50.5 0.326 174 Mauritania 2000 46.3 25.4 61.2 25.9 63.1 48.3 87 39.0 0.465 154 Morocco 1998 99 19.0 12.0 27.2 <2 14.3 34.5 56 39.5 0.620 125 Mozambique 1997 69.0 62.0 71.3 37.8 78.4 49.8 89 39.6 0.356 171 Niger 1993 63.0 52.0 66.0 60.6 85.8 61.4 94 50.5 0.292 176 Oman.......... 31.5 50.. 0.770 74 Pakistan 1998 99 32.6 24.2 35.9 13.4 65.6 41.9 71 33.0 0.497 142 Palestine................ 0.726 102 Qatar................ 0.833 47 Saudi Arabia.......... 15.8 30.. 0.768 77 Senegal...... 22.3 63.0 44.1 77 41.3 0.437 157. Sierra-Leone.................. 0.273 177 Somalia.................... Sudan.......... 31.6 51.. 0.505 139 Suriname................ 0.780 67 Syria.......... 13.7 25.. 0.710 106 Tajikistan...... 13.9 58.7.... 34.7 0.671 113 Togo.......... 38.0 65.. 0.495 143 Tunisia 1995 7.6 3.6 13.9 <2 6.6 19.2 39 39.8 0.745 92 Turkey...... <2 10.3 12.0 19 40.0 0.751 88 Turkmenistan...... 12.1 44.0.... 40.8 0.752 87 Uganda 1997 44.0.... 84.9 96.6 36.4 60 43.0 0.493 146 U.A.E................ 0.824 49 Uzbekistan 2000 28.0 22.5 30.5 17.3 71.7.... 26.8 0.709 107 Yemen Rep. 1998 42.0 30.8 45.0 10.2 45.2 40.3 67 33.4 0.482 148 IDB MCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.584 -- Memo: OIC Countries -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.582 -- LDCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.448 -- Developing Coun -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.655 -- High Income Coun. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.927 -- World -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.722 -- a Refers to headcount ratio or proportion of the household (population) falling below the poverty line to total household (population) b Measures the extent of deprivation, the proportion of people in the community who are left out of progress. c A value of zero implies perfect equality while a value of 100 implies perfect inequality. 16
Table 1.9: Information and Communication Technology Indicators Daily Radio Television Telephone Personal Internet ICT newspapers sets mainlines computers Users expenditure (per 1,000 (per 1,000 (per 1,000 (per 1,000 (per 1,000 (per 1,000 people) people) people) people) people) people) % GDP Country 2001 2001 2002 2003 2002-2003 a 2003 2003 Afghanistan 5 114 14 2.. 1.. Albania 35 260 318 83 11.7 10.. Algeria 27 244 114 69 7.7.... Azerbaijan 27 22 332 114...... Bahrain 112.. 428 268 160.4 216.. Bangladesh 53 49 59 5 7.8 2 2.7 Benin 5 445 12 9 3.7 10.. Brunei 69...... 76.7.... Burkina Faso 1 433 79 5 2.1 4.. Cameroon 7 161 75.. 5.7.. 4.9 Chad 0.0 233 2.. 1.7.... Comoros...... 17 5.8 6.. Cote d'ivoire 16 185 61 14 9.3 14.. Djibouti...... 15 21.7 10.. Egypt 31 339 229 127 21.9 39 1.2 Gabon 30 488 308 29 22.4 26.. Gambia 2 394 15.. 13.8.... Guinea.. 52 47 3 5.5 5.. Guinea-Bissau 5 178 36 8.. 15.. Indonesia 23 159 153 39 27.3 38 3.4 Iran 28 281 173 220 11.9 72 2.2 Iraq 19 222 83.. 90.5.... Jordan 75 372 177 114 8.3 81 8.8 Kazakhstan.. 411 338.. 44.7.... Kuwait 374 570 418 198.. 228 1.7 Kyrgyz Republic 27 110 49 76 162.8 38.. Lebanon 107 182 357.. 12.7.... Libya 15 273 137 136 80.5 29.. Malaysia 158 420 210 182 23.4 344 6.9 Maldives 20.. 131.. 166.9.... Mali 1 180 33.. 71.2.... Mauritania 0.0 148 99 14 1.4 4.. Morocco 28 243 167 40 10.8 33 5.6 Mozambique 2 44 14.. 19.9.... Niger 0.0 122 10.. 4.5.... Oman 24 621 553.. 0.6.... Pakistan 40 105 150 27 35.0.. 7.3 Palestine.... 148 87.. 40.. Qatar 175.... 261 36.2 199 2.5 Saudi Arabia 326 326 265 155 180.3 67 7.4 Senegal 5 126 78 22 130.2 22.. Sierra-Leone 4 259 13.. 21.2.... Somalia 1 60 14........ Sudan 26 461 386 27 6.1 9.. Suriname 68.... 152.. 44.. Syria 20 276 182.. 19.4.... Tajikistan 20 141 357 37.. 1.. Togo 4 263 123 12 32.0 42 5.2 Tunisia 23 158 207 118 40.5 64 7.3 Turkey 111 470 423 268 44.6 85.. Turkmenistan 7 279 182........ Uganda 2 122 18 2 4.0 5.. U.A.E 156 330 252 281 129.0 275.. Uzbekistan 3 456 280 67.. 19.. Yemen Republic 15 65 308.. 7.4.... IDB MCs 41 211 165 73 29 -- -- Memo: OIC Countries 40 211 159 66 26 -- -- Low income 7 139 91 32 7 16.. Developing Coun.. 257 190 112 28 75.. High Income Coun 284 1266 735 560 467 377.. World.. 419 275 183 101 150.. a. Data are for the latest year available. 17
Table 1.10: Science and technology Scientists Techni- Science Expendi- High-technology Patent Tradeand cians in and tures exports applications mark engineers R&D technical for fileda applicain R&D journal R&D % of tions articles manufa- filed per million per million $ ctured Non- Country people people % of GDP millions exports Residents residents Total 1990-2002 a 1990-2002 a 1990-2001 a 1996-2002 a 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 Afghanistan.... 0............ Albania.... 17.. 4 1 0 89,821 1,758 Algeria.... 225.. 12 2 42 88,839 4,401 Azerbaijan 1,248 197 68 0.37 8 5 0 89,337 2,195 Bahrain.... 29.. 1 0.... 2,372 Bangladesh 51 32 177.. 15 0...... Benin 282 53 20.. 0........ Brunei.... 20.. 0 0...... Burkina Faso 17 16 23 0.17 1........ Cameroon 3 4 75.. 3 2...... Chad.... 2............ Comoros.... 0.. 0........ Cote d'ivoire.... 40.. 93 8...... Djibouti.................. Egypt 493 366 1,548 0.21 9 0 627 798 2,496 Gabon.... 20.. 4........ Gambia 286.. 17.. 0.. 0 177,146.. Guinea.. 104 2.. 0........ Guinea-Bissau.... 6...... 0.... Indonesia.... 207.. 4,580 14 0 90,922.. Iran 484 391 995.. 51 2 691.... Iraq.... 21............ Jordan 1,977 728 240 6.33 28 2...... Kazakhstan 744 305 116 0.35 200 9 2 89,421 4,711 Kuwait 73 180 257 0.18 11........ Kyrgyz Rep. 413 51 10 0.19 2 2 123 89,357 1,917 Lebanon.... 202.. 17 2...... Libya 361 493 19............ Malaysia 294 57 494 0.22 47,042 58...... Maldives.... 3............ Mali.... 11.. 2........ Mauritania.... 2............ Morocco.... 469.. 680 11 0 89,300 2,849 Mozambique.... 14.. 2.. 0 176,319 931 Niger.... 21.. 0 3...... Oman 4 0 96.. 26 2 0 75,825.. Pakistan 88 14 282.. 120 1 0.. 6,902 Palestine.................. Qatar.... 19.. 0........ Saudi Arabia.... 580.. 24.. 61 552.. Senegal 2 3 62 0.02 36 9....... Sierra-Leone.... 3.. 1.. 0 177,366 787 Somalia.... 0............ Sudan.... 43.. 4.. 2 177,336 795 Suriname..... 3... 1........ Syria 29 24 55 0.18 5 1 0 30.. Tajikistan 660.. 20.. 37.. 40 89,352 1,522 Togo 102 65 11.. 2 1...... Tunisia 1,013 34 344 0.29 244 4 0 72,604.. Turkey 344 26 4,098 0.45 815 2 550 250,492 35,820 Turkmenistan.... 0.. 8.. 0 89,333 1,648 Uganda 25 15 91 0.57 1 8 0 177,305.. U.A.E.... 159.. 17.. 0 89,666.. Uzbekistan 1,754 312 204.... 717 89,902 2,922 Yemen Rep..... 10............ IDB MCs -- - -- 8,667 - -- 54,106 -- - -- -- -- Memo: OIC Countries.... 9,007............ Low Income C..... 12,040............. Developing C..... 76,765 0.57.. 20 83,023 7,794,140 552,980 High Income C. 3,449.. 451,862 2.64 834,168 18 853,607 5,087,930 1,038,481 World 1,096.. 528,627 2.06 1,043,220 18 936,630 12,882,100 1,921,461 a. Data are for the latest year available. 18
Table 1.11: Employment Indicators Percentage of labour force in Labor force Agriculture Industry Services (as % of population Average annual (%) (%) (%) ages 15-64) growth rate (%) Country 1990 2004 1990-2004 1990 1999-2002 1990 1999-2002 1990 1999-2002 Afghanistan 77.... 70.. 11.. 19.. Albania 77 77 0.0............ Algeria 52 60 1.1 26.. 31.. 43.. Azerbaijan 68 73 0.5 31 40 23 11 31 49 Bahrain 67 68 0.1............ Bangladesh 93 83-0.8 66 62 13 10 16 24 Benin 93 86-0.5 64.. 8.. 28.. Brunei 68 70 0.2 2.. 58.. 40.. Burkina Faso 102 92-0.7 92.. 2.. 6.. Cameroon 77 75-0.2 70.. 9.. 22.. Chad 92 91-0.1 83.. 4.. 13.. Comoros 89 84-0.4 77.. 9.. 13.. Cote d'ivoire 78 74-0.4 60.. 10.. 31.. Djibouti.................. Egypt 62 64 0.2 39 30 21 21 40 49 Gabon 85 82-0.3 52.. 16.. 33.. Gambia 92 92 0.0 82.. 8.. 11.. Guinea 99 91-0.5 87.. 2.. 11.. Guinea-Bissau 87 87 0.0 85.. 2.. 13.. Indonesia 73 76 0.4 56 44 14 17 30 38 Iran 59.... 26.. 28.. 45.. Iraq 48 49 0.1 16.. 18.. 66.. Jordan 50 55 0.7............ Kazakhstan 75 75 0.0 22 22 32 18 41 60 Kuwait 67 62-0.6 1.. 25.. 74.. Kyrgyz Republic 72 73 0.2 33 52 28 12 39 36 Lebanon 52 59.. 7.. 31.. 62.. Libya 56 54.. 11.. 23.. 66.. Malaysia 68 69.. 26 18 28 32 47 50 Maldives 82 74-0.7 25 14 22 19 49 50 Mali 102 96.. 86.. 2.. 12.. Mauritania 86 80-0.5 55.. 10.. 34.. Morocco 65 65 0.0 4 6 36 33 60 61 Mozambique 102 96-0.4 83.. 8.. 9.. Niger 95 93-0.1............ Oman 54 52-0.3 45.. 24.. 32.. Pakistan 67 66.. 51 48 20 18 29 34 Palestine........ 12 42 29 38 59 Qatar 77 75-0.2 3.. 32.. 65.. Saudi Arabia 57 54-0.3 19.. 20.. 61.. Senegal 86 83-0.3 77.. 8.. 16.. Sierra-Leone 71 68-0.3 67.. 15.. 17.. Somalia 88 85-0.3 75.. 8.. 16.. Sudan 70 70 0.0 70.. 9.. 22.. Suriname 55 62 0.8 4 6 19 15 73.. Syria 56 57 0.1............ Tajikistan 67 72 0.4............ Togo 82 79.. 66.. 10.. 24.. Tunisia 60 63 0.4............ Turkey 71 73.. 47 33 21 24 32 43 Turkmenistan 73 72.. 42...... 0.. Uganda 104 100-0.3............ United Arab Emirates 76.... 8 8 27 33 65 59 Uzbekistan 71 73.. 39 34 24 20 0 0 Yemen Republic 61 57-0.5 61 54 17 11 22.. IDB MCs 73 73 0.0 52 -- 17 -- 30 -- Memo: OIC Countries 69 72 0.3 52.. 17.. 30.. Low income countries 89 86-0.2 72.. 10.. 16.. Developing Countries 78 77-0.1 51.. 19.. 22.. High Income Countries 70 72 0.2 6.. 30.. 64 70 World 77 76-0.1 43.. 21.. 29.. a. Data are for the most recent year available. 19
Table 1.12: Wage, Productivity, and Competitiveness Average hours worked per week Minimum Wage $ per year Labor cost per worker in manufacturing $ per year Value added per worker in manufacturing $ per year World Competitiveness Ranking (out of 60) Country 1995-99 1995-99 1980-84 1995-99 1980-84 1995-99 2004 2005 Afghanistan................ Albania................ Algeria.. 1339.7 6242 2638 11306...... Azerbaijan................ Bahrain................ Bangladesh 52 491.8 556 671 1820 1711.... Benin................ Brunei................ Burkina Faso.. 584.6 3282.. 15886...... Cameroon................ Chad................ Comoros................ Cote d'ivoire.. 870.8 5132 9995 16158...... Djibouti................ Egypt.. 414.5 2210 1863 3691 5976.... Gabon................ Gambia................ Guinea................ Guinea-Bissau................ Indonesia 43 240.9 898 3054 3807 5139 58 59 Iran.... 9737 30562 17679 89787.... Iraq.... 4624 13288 13599 34316.... Jordan 50 4643 2082 16337 11906 48 44 Kazakhstan................ Kuwait.. 8244.0 10281.. 30341...... Kyrgyz Republic.. 65.4 2287 687........ Lebanon................ Libya.... 8648.. 21119...... Malaysia.. 2519 3429 8454 12661 16 28 Maldives................ Mali.. 458.8 2983.. 10477...... Mauritania................ Morocco.. 1671.5 2583 3391 6328 9089.... Mozambique................ Niger.... 4074.. 22477...... Oman...... 3099.. 61422.... Pakistan.. 600.0 1264.. 6214...... Palestine................ Qatar................ Saudi Arabia.... 9814.......... Senegal.. 848.4 2828 7754 6415...... Sierra-Leone.... 1624.. 7807...... Somalia................ Sudan................ Suriname.... Syria.... 2844 4338 9607 9918.... Tajikistan................ Togo................ Tunisia.. 1524.9 3344 3599 7111...... Turkey 48 1254.1 3582 7958 13994 32961 55 48 Turkmenistan................ Uganda.... 253.......... United Arab Emirates.... 6968.. 20344...... Uzbekistan Yemen Republic.... 4492 1291 17935 5782.... 20
Table 1.13: Environment Indicators Forest area Average Annual a deforestation Carbon dioxide emissions % of thousand total Total Per capita sq. km land area Sq. km. % million metric tons metric tons Country 2000 2000 1990-2000 1990-2000 1990 2000 1990 2000 Afghanistan 14 2.1.... 2.6 0.9 0.1 0.0 Albania 10 36.5 78 0.8 7.3 2.9 2.2 0.9 Algeria 21 0.9 266 1.3 80.4 89.4 3.2 2.9 Azerbaijan 11 12.7 130 1.3.. 29.0.. 3.6 Bahrain........ 11.7 19.5 23.3 29.1 Bangladesh 13 10.0 165 1.3 15.4 29.3 0.1 0.2 Benin 27 24.4 699 2.3 0.6 1.6 0.1 0.3 Brunei 4.... 0.2 5.8.. 22.6.. Burkina Faso 71 26.0 152 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.1 Cameroon 239 51.4 2,218 0.9 1.5 6.5 0.1 0.4 Chad 127 10.1 817 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Comoros 0.... 4.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 Cote d'ivoire 71 22.3 2,649 3.1 11.9 10.5 1.0 0.7 Djibouti 0.... 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 Egypt 1 0.1 20 3.3 75.4 142.2 1.4 2.2 Gabon 218 84.6 101 0.0 6.7 3.5 7.0 2.8 Gambia 5 50.0 45 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 Guinea 69 28.1 347 0.5 1.0 1.3 0.2 0.2 Guinea-Bissau 22 78.2 216 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.2 Indonesia 1,050 58.0 13,124 1.2 165.2 269.6 0.9 1.3 Iran 73 4.5 0 0.0 212.4 310.3 3.9 4.9 Iraq 8 1.8 0 0.0 49.3 76.3 2.7 3.3 Jordan 1 1.1 0 0.0 10.2 15.6 3.2 3.2 Kazakhstan 121 4.5 2,390 2.2.. 121.3.. 8.1 Kuwait 0.. 2 5.2 42.2 47.9 19.9 21.9 Kyrgyz Rep. 10 5.2 228 2.6.. 4.6.. 0.9 Lebanon 0.. 1 0.3 9.1 15.2 2.5 3.5 Libya 4 0.2 47 1.4 37.8 57.1 8.8 10.9 Malaysia 193 58.7 2,377 1.2 55.3 144.4 3.0 6.2 Maldives 0.... 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.8 Mali 132 10.8 993 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 Mauritania 3 0.3 98 2.7 2.6 3.1 1.3 1.2 Morocco 30 6.7 12 0.0 23.5 36.5 1.0 1.3 Mozambique 306 39.0 637 0.2 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.1 Niger 13 1.0 617 3.7 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 Oman 0 0 0.0 11.5 19.8 7.1 8.2 Pakistan 24 3.1 304 1.5 67.9 104.8 0.6 0.8 Palestine.............. Qatar 0...... 13.7 40.7 28.2 69.5 Saudi Arabia 15 7.8 0 0.0 177.9 374.3 11.3 18.1 Senegal 62 86.6 450 0.7 2.9 4.2 0.4 0.4 Sierra-Leone 11 1.8 361 2.9 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 Somalia 75 3.2 769 1.0 0.0.. 0.0.. Sudan 616 394.9 9,589 1.4 3.5 5.2 0.1 0.2 Suriname 141.... 0.0 1.8 2.1 4.5 5.0 Syria 5 3.6 0 0.0 35.8 54.2 3.0 3.3 Tajikistan 4 7.4 20 0.5.. 4.0.. 0.6 Togo 5 3.2 209 3.4 0.7 1.8 0.2 0.4 Tunisia 5 0.6 11 0.2 13.3 18.4 1.6 1.9 Turkey 102 21.7 220 0.2 143.8 221.6 2.6 3.3 Turkmenistan 38 19.3 0 0.0.. 34.6.. 7.5 Uganda 42 50.2 913 2.0 0.8 1.5 0.0 0.1 U.A.E 3 0.7 78 2.8 60.9 58.9 34.3 18.1 Uzbekistan 20 3.8 46 0.2.. 118.6.. 4.8 Yemen Rep 4 0.8 92 1.8.. 8.4.. 0.5 IDB MCs 4,039 13.0 37,823 0.9 1,368.0 2,517.9 1.9 2.1 Memo: OIC Countries 4,343 13.5 41,807 1.0 1,457.8 2,555.6 1.8 1.9 Low Income C. 7,939 27.1 73,087 0.7 1,653.2 2,066.7 0.8 0.9 Dev'ping C. 30,682 30.9 102,956 0.3 10,823.2 11,196.2 2.5 2.2 High Income C. 7,929 26.1 7,947 0.1 10,480.8 11,804.3 11.8 12.4 World 38,611 29.7 95,009 0.2 21,297.5 22,994.5 4.1 3.8 a Positive numbers indicate loss of forest area; negative numbers indicate gain in forest are 21
Table 1.14: Land Use Indicators Share in Total Land Area (%) Permanent Arable Land (hectares per Arable Land a Cropland Others person) Country 1990 2002 1990 2002 1990 2002 1990 2002 Afghanistan 12.1 12.1 0.2 0.2 87.6 87.6 0.45 0.28 Albania 21.1 21.1 4.6 4.4 74.3 74.5 0.18 0.18 Algeria 3.0 3.2 0.2 0.3 96.8 96.5 0.28 0.24 Azerbaijan.. 21.6.. 2.7.. 75.7.. 0.22 Bahrain 2.9 2.8. 2.9 5.6. 94.2 91.5. 0.00 0.00 Bangladesh 70.2 61.6 2.3 3.1 27.5 35.2 0.08 0.06 Benin 14.6 23.1 0.9 2.4 84.5 74.6 0.34 0.39 Brunei 0.6 1.7. 0.8 0.8. 98.7 97.5. 0.01 0.03 Burkina Faso 12.9 15.9 0.2 0.2 86.9 83.9 0.40 0.37 Cameroon 12.8 12.8 2.6 2.6 84.6 84.6 0.51 0.38 Chad 2.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 97.4 97.1 0.56 0.43 Comoros 35.0 35.9. 15.7 23.3. 49.3 40.8. 0.18 0.14 Côte d'ivoire 7.6 9.7 11.0 11.9 81.4 78.3 0.21 0.19 Djibouti 0.0 0.0...... 100.0 100.0. 0.00 0.00 Egypt 2.3 2.9 0.4 0.5 97.3 96.6 0.04 0.04 Gabon 1.1 1.3 0.6 0.7 98.2 98.1 0.31 0.25 Gambia 18.2 25.0 0.5 0.5 81.3 74.5 0.20 0.18 Guinea 3.0 3.7 2.0 2.6 95.0 93.7 0.13 0.12 Guinea-Bissau 10.7 10.7 4.2 8.8 85.2 80.5 0.30 0.21 Indonesia 11.2 11.3 6.5 7.3 82.4 81.4 0.11 0.10 Iran 9.3 9.2 0.8 1.3 89.9 89.6 0.28 0.23 Iraq 12.1 13.1 0.7 0.8 87.2 86.1 0.29 0.24 Jordan 3.3 3.3 1.0 1.2 95.7 95.5 0.09 0.06 Kazakhstan.. 8.0.. 0.1.. 92.0.. 1.45 Kuwait 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 99.7 99.2 0.00 0.01 Kyrgyz Republic.. 7.0.. 0.3.. 92.6.. 0.27 Lebanon 17.9 16.6 11.9 14.0 70.2 69.4 0.05 0.04 Libya 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.2 98.8 98.8 0.42 0.33 Malaysia 5.2 5.5 16.0 17.6 78.9 76.9 0.09 0.07 Maldives 13.3 13.3. 13.3 26.7. 73.3 60.0. 0.02 0.01 Mali 1.7 3.8 0.0 0.0 98.3 96.1 0.24 0.41 Mauritania 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 99.6 99.5 0.20 0.18 Morocco 19.5 18.8 1.6 2.0 78.8 79.2 0.36 0.28 Mozambique 4.4 5.4 0.3 0.3 95.3 94.3 0.24 0.23 Niger 2.8 3.5 0.0 0.0 97.2 96.4 0.47 0.39 Oman 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 99.7 99.7 0.02 0.01 Pakistan 26.6 27.8 0.6 0.9 72.8 71.3 0.19 0.15 Palestine.. 18.8.............. Qatar 0.9 1.6. 0.1 0.3 99.0 98.1. 0.02 0.03 Saudi Arabia 1.6 1.7 0.0 0.1 98.4 98.2 0.21 0.16 Senegal 12.1 12.8 0.1 0.2 87.8 87.0 0.32 0.25 Sierra-Leone 6.8 7.5 0.8 0.9 92.5 91.6 0.12 0.10 Somalia 1.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 98.3 98.3 0.14 0.11 Sudan 5.5 6.8 0.1 0.2 94.4 93.0 0.52 0.50 Suriname 0.4 0.4. 0.1 0.1 99.6 99.6. 0.14 0.13 Syria 26.6 25.0 4.0 4.5 69.4 70.5 0.40 0.27 Tajikistan.. 6.6.. 0.9.. 92.4.. 0.15 Togo 38.6 46.1 1.7 2.2 59.7 51.6 0.61 0.53 Tunisia 18.7 17.8 12.5 13.8 68.8 68.4 0.36 0.28 Turkey 32.0 33.7 3.9 3.4 64.0 62.9 0.44 0.37 Turkmenistan.. 3.9.. 0.1.. 95.9.. 0.39 Uganda 25.4 25.9 9.4 10.7 65.2 63.5 0.29 0.21 United Arab Emirates 0.4 0.9 0.2 2.3 99.3 96.8 0.02 0.02 Uzbekistan.. 10.8.. 0.8.. 88.3.. 0.18 Yemen Republic 2.9 2.9 0.2 0.2 96.9 96.8 0.13 0.08 IDB MCs 7.1 7.7 1.4 1.4 91.5 91.0 0.20 0.20 Memo: OIC Countries 7.9 8.4 1.4 1.5 90.7 90.3 0.21 0.20 Low Income countries 5.6 6.4 0.5 0.6 93.9 85.9 0.21 0.18 Developing Countries 10.3 10.4 1.2 1.4 88.5 88.2 0.17 0.15 High Income Countries 12.1 11.2 0.5 0.6 87.4 88.3 0.73 0.63 World 10.8 10.7 1.0 1.0 88.2 88.2 0.26 0.23 a Arable land refers to cultivated land which includes all types of registered and unregistered land, including reclaimed river bed, reclaimed tidal land, slope-land, and virgin land, which have been used for farming purpos 22
Table 1.15: Food Production Wheat Maize Rice (thousand metic tons) (thousand metic tons) (thousand metic tons) Country 1990 2000 2003 2004 1990 2000 2003 2004 1990 2000 2003 2004 Afghanistan........................ Albania 613 341 280 300 227 206 200 200 7 0 0 Algeria 750 760 2965 2600 0.2 2 1 1 2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Azerbaijan 0 1150 1510 1640 0 104 143 150 0 22 16 22 Bahrain........................ Bangladesh 890 1840 1507 1253 3 10 10 10 26778 37628 39090 37910 Benin........ 410 750 938 800 11 49 64 70 Brunei................ 1 1 0.4 0.4 Burkina Faso........ 258 423 738 739 48 103 97 97 Cameroon 0 0 0 0 369 741 750 750 55 61 62 62 Chad 2 3 4 5 29 64 120 120 66 93 139 109 Comoros........ 4 4 4 4 15 17 17 17 Cote d'ivoire........ 497 693 625 625 660 1231 820 820 Djibouti........ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01........ Egypt 4268 6564 6845 7178 4799 6474 5682 5800 3167 6000 6174 6000 Gabon........ 23 26 31 31 1 1 1 Gambia........ 14 22 25 25 21 34 21 22 Guinea........ 74 95 90 90 424 739 845 845 Guinea-Bissau........ 14 26 20 20 123 106 97 97 Indonesia........ 6734 9677 10910 11359 45179 51898 52079 53100 Iran 8012 8088 13500 14000 130 1120 1700 2000 1981 1971 3300 3400 Iraq........................ Jordan 83 25 43 12 4 19 11 10........ Kazakhstan 0 9074 11519 9600 0 249 438 350 0 214 200 277 Kuwait 0 0.4 1 1 1 0.4 1 1........ Kyrgyz Rep. 0 1039 1014 868 0 338 399 614 0 19 18 30 Lebanon 52 108 120 120 3 4 3 3........ Libya 129 125 125 125 0.4 6 2 2........ Malaysia........ 35 65 72 75 1885 2141 2259 2184 Maldives........ 0.004 0.0 0.0........ Mali 2 6 6 6 197 215 365 365 282 743 693 693 Mauritania 1 0 0 2 14 6 6 52 76 77.. Morocco 3614 1381 5147 5540 436 95 139 139 3 25 17 17 Mozambique 5 1 1 1 453 1019 1248 1248 96 151 200 200 Niger 13 11 3 3 2 4 7 72 60 77 77 Oman 1 1 1 1................ Pakistan 14316 21079 19183 19767 1185 1643 1771 1800 4891 7203 7272 7570 Palestine 0 25 45 50................ Qatar 1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 2 2 2........ Saudi Arabia 3580 1787 2000 1600 4 41 30 30 0 0 0 0 Senegal........ 133 79 401 401 181 202 232 232 Sierra-Leone........ 12 9 10 10 504 199 250 250 Somalia........................ Sudan 409 214 332 332 27 53 60 60 1 8 16 16 Suriname........ 0.27 0.04 0.07 0.10 196 164 195 195 Syria 2070 3105 4913 4537 180 191 200 180 0.1 0 0.. Tajikistan 0 406 660 540 0 38 95 70 0 82 59 50 Togo........ 285 482 516 516 25 62 68 68 Tunisia 1122 842 1984 1300................ Turkey 20022 21009 19000 21000 2100 2300 2800 3000 230 350 372 400 Turkmenistan 0 1150 2371 2600 0 9 13 13 0 27 110 170 Uganda 4 12 12 12 602 1096 1200 1200 54 109 120 120 U.A.E 3 0.3 0.1 0.1................ Uzbekistan.. 3532 4681 4476 0 131 143 135 0 155 293 279 Yemen Rep 155 142 104 125 66 48 41 40........ IDB MCs -- -- -- -- 19,310 28,585 31,959 32,994 87,013 111,947 115,351 -- IDB/World (%) -- -- -- -- 4.0 4.8 5.0 4.7 16.8 18.7 19.7 -- Memo: OIC Countries -- -- -- -- 25,081 32,696 37,113 38,148 89,669 115,694 120,805 120,294 LDCs 5,144 6,482 9,526 7,570 14,041 17,968 20,181 19,461 54,648 76,510 82,921 80,406 Developing C 234,508 272,204 266,420 277,860 210,510 257,027 292,525 300,108 492,519 573,651 563,113 582,123 Developed C 357,742 313,130 291,083 346,233 272,826 335,457 347,539 405,186 25,701 25,333 23,135 26,373 World 592,250 585,334 557,503 624,093 483,336 592,484 640,064 705,293 518,221 598,983 586,248 608,496 23
Table 1.16: Agricultural Production Indices Agricultural Production Indices Per Capita Agricultural Production Indices (1999-2001=100) (1999-2001=100) Country 1990 2000 2002 2003 2004 1990 2000 2002 2003 2004 Afghanistan.................... Albania 85.1 100.2 103.0 105.1 104.9 80.6 100.3 102.2 103.4 102.3 Algeria 70.4 95.2 104.8 119.2 117.8 85.1 95.2 101.4 113.4 110.2 Azerbaijan.. 101.4 113.3 118.2 119.4.. 101.4 111.4 115.2 115.4 Bahrain 87.8 103.2 91.1 104.6 110.2 121.1 103 86.8 97.6 100.8 Bangladesh 73.7 102.8 102.9 106.0 104.7 92.9 102.9 98.8 99.7 96.5 Benin 56.2 103.1 111.4 128.7 132.5 75.3 103.2 105.8 119 119.3 Brunei 33.0 99.1 105.8 118.8 132.8 42.9 99.3 101.2 111 121.4 Burkina Faso 60.8 86.4 116.1 123.6 131.8 81.2 86.5 109.6 113.2 117.3 Cameroon 64.7 100.2 100.8 101.6 103.2 83.9 100.2 96.8 95.9 95.8 Chad 66.8 92.6 107.3 107.1 111.0 90.3 92.7 101.1 98 98.6 Comoros 80.1 100.2 102.6 102.9 103.4 107.2 100.2 96.9 94.5 92.3 Cote d'ivoire 73.0 103.8 93.7 93.3 87.8 92.4 103.7 90.5 88.7 82.2 Djibouti 114.6 99.6 99.8 107.1 107.1 144.3 99.4 95.7 101.2 100 Egypt 65.8 101.7 104.7 107.3 108.9 80.1 101.7 100.7 101.2 100.6 Gabon 81.8 100.5 100.9 101.0 101.1 107.9 100.4 97.1 95.5 94 Gambia 60.8 100.6 65.2 72.0 69.3 85.4 100.7 61.7 66.4 62.3 Guinea 66.4 98.6 104.8 105.8 106.4 88.1 98.6 101.8 101.3 100.2 Guinea-Bissau 73.9 100.4 101.2 102.3 102.4 99.4 100.4 95.5 93.8 91 Indonesia 80.0 101.0 107.8 111.7 114.6 92.9 101 105 107.5 108.9 Iran 68.5 100.4 110.9 110.1 111.1 80.3 100.4 108.2 106.1 105.8 Iraq.................... Jordan 83.5 111.4 138.4 126.3 118.5 129.3 111.5 130.8 116.3 106.4 Kazakhstan.. 94.1 106.0 107.0 100.8 94.2 107.3 108.5 102.4 Kuwait 53.0 91.0 113.6 119.8 124.6 55.5 90.9 104.4 106.6 107.8 Kyrgyz Republic.. 100.0 100.1 104.2 81.3.. 100.1 97.3 99.9 76.9 Lebanon 87.1 104.3 99.9 94.1 99.4 111.7 104.2 96.6 89.6 93.2 Libya 75.5 97.0 98.9 100.8 100.8 91.7 96.8 95.0 95.0 93.2 Malaysia 73.8 99.3 105.5 114.2 116.9 95.1 99.3 101.4 107.6 108.1 Maldives 71.7 103.3 113.3 112.6 112.6 96.6 103.3 106.8 103.1 99.9 Mali 72.8 87.7 99.8 112.0 112.1 95.7 87.7 94.1 102.5 99.5 Mauritania 85.6 101.9 104.9 107.3 107.3 111.6 101.9 98.8 98.1 95.2 Morocco 92.0 94.4 112.2 120.6 122.1 109.1 94.4 108.6 114.8 114.4 Mozambique 79.0 94.0 102.3 105.0 105.0 104.8 93.9 98.5 99.4 97.7 Niger 70.4 92.1 111.1 118.4 116.8 98.8 92.2 103.4 106.3 101.1 Oman 59.3 97.5 92.6 87.3 91.1 83.8 97.5 87.3 79.9 81 Pakistan 69.8 101.4 101.2 104.8 109.0 89.8 101.3 96.3 97.4 98.8 Palestine.. 89.6 102.8 102.4 102.1 0 89.6 95.6 91.9 88.5 Qatar 63.4 111.7 108.4 146.6 143.9 78.6 111.4 104.5 139.3 134.7 Saudi Arabia 104.0 93.0 112.5 111.1 108.2 139.4 93.2 106.1 101.8 96.3 Senegal 73.0 101.2 72.6 81.4 87.2 93.3 101.2 69.2 75.7 79.2 Sierra-Leone 123.9 94.2 107.9 109.5 109.9 135.3 94.5 100.2 97.5 94.1 Somalia.................... Sudan 58.0 97.4 102.4 113.6 114.6 73.2 97.4 98 106.3 105 Suriname 119.5 95.8 88.4 105.6 105.6 126.5 95.9 87 103 102.3 Syria 68.6 103.0 118.5 112.6 115.6 89.5 103.1 113 104.8 105.2 Tajikistan.. 99.7 116.5 139.7 130.7 99.7 114.6 136.3 126.4 Togo 75.4 97.1 109.3 108.8 111.3 99.3 96.9 103.6 100.9 101 Tunisia 81.9 97.9 82.6 105.0 96.4 94.9 97.8 80.8 101.5 92.3 Turkey 88.8 104.3 100.7 102.5 104.7 105.3 104.3 97.8 98.1 98.8 Turkmenistan.. 101.4 91.5 99.9 106.4.. 101.3 88.6 95.2 99.9 Uganda 76.6 98.6 108.5 109.0 109.0 103.7 98.6 102 99.2 96 United Arab Emirates 21.3 140.9 63.4 53.2 53.4 29.4 140.6 60.8 50 49.2 Uzbekistan.. 100.8 105.3 103.8 103.6.. 100.8 102.1 99.1 97.4 Yemen Republic 71.1 99.1 106.3 104.9 106.5 107.4 99.2 99.3 94.6 92.7 IDB MCs 72.1 99.5 102.0 106.4 106.6 92.1 99.5 97.6 99.8 97.9 Memo: OIC Countries 71.2 99.5 101.9 106.6 106.6 90.6 99.5 97.6 99.8 98.0 LDCs 75.1 99.4 104.9 109.0 108.1.......... Developing Countries 68.3 100.0 105.3 109.6 111.5 81.0 100.0 102.2 104.8 105.1 Developed Countries 100.1 100.6 99.8 99.8 104.3 104.8 100.6 99.1 98.8 103.0 World 79.7 100.2 103.3 106.1 108.9 91.9 100.2 100.7 102.2 103.7 24
Table 1.17: Food Production Indices Food Production Indices Per Capita Food Production Indices (1999-2001=100) (1999-2001=100) Country 1990 2000 2002 2003 2004 1990 2000 2002 2003 2004 Afghanistan.................... Albania 81.5 100.1 104 106.2 105.9 77.2 100.2 103.1 104.5 103.3 Algeria 69.7 95.1 104.8 119.5 118 84.4 95.1 101.4 113.6 110.4 Azerbaijan.. 100.2 116.6 120.2 121.3.. 100.4 114.7 117.2 117.2 Bahrain 87.8 103.2 91.1 104.6 110.2 121.1 103 86.8 97.6 100.8 Bangladesh 72.5 102.9 103 106.1 104.6 91.4 102.9 98.8 99.8 96.4 Benin 59.3 101.6 108.3 133.6 138 79.4 101.7 102.8 123.5 124.2 Brunei 32.6 99.1 105.8 118.9 132.9 42.5 99.3 101.2 111.1 121.5 Burkina Faso 59.6 85 112.3 120.6 123.6 79.6 85 106 110.5 109.9 Cameroon 63.9 100.3 102.1 103 103 82.8 100.2 98.1 97.2 95.6 Chad 64.2 93.4 107.6 111.1 111.8 86.8 93.4 101.3 101.6 99.4 Comoros.................... Cote d'ivoire.................... Djibouti 114.6 99.6 99.8 107.1 107.1 144.3 99.4 95.7 101.2 100 Egypt 64.2 102.2 104.6 108.4 108.8 78.1 102.2 100.6 102.1 100.5 Gabon 83.8 100.5 100.9 101 101.1 110.5 100.4 97.1 95.6 94.1 Gambia 60 100.6 65.1 71.8 69.2 84.2 100.7 61.6 66.2 62.2 Guinea 67.5 98.1 107.2 108.2 108.9 89.4 98.1 104 103.6 102.5 Guinea-Bissau 73.8 100.4 101 102.2 102.2 99.4 100.5 95.4 93.6 90.9 Indonesia 79.7 100.9 107.9 111.7 114.8 92.6 100.9 105.1 107.5 109.2 Iran 68.4 100.3 111.4 110.7 111.9 80.1 100.3 108.8 106.7 106.5 Iraq.................... Jordan 82.4 111.1 137.9 126.4 118.5 127.5 111.2 130.4 116.4 106.4 Kazakhstan.. 93.6 106.2 106 98.8.. 93.6 107.4 107.6 100.4 Kuwait 52.8 90.9 113.5 119.7 124.6 55.3 90.8 104.3 106.6 107.8 Kyrgyz Republic.. 99.2 101.8 105.2 81.. 99.3 98.8 100.8 76.6 Lebanon 89.2 104.6 100.4 94.4 99.8 114.3 104.6 97 89.8 93.6 Libya 75.2 96.9 98.8 100.8 100.9 91.4 96.8 95 95 93.2 Malaysia 68.1 98.6 105.6 114.1 116.9 87.7 98.6 101.4 107.5 108.1 Maldives 71.7 103.3 113.3 112.6 112.6 96.6 103.3 106.8 103.1 99.9 Mali 74.6 94.4 99.5 104.8 106.6 98.1 94.4 93.8 95.9 94.6 Mauritania 85.6 101.9 104.9 107.3 107.3 111.6 101.9 98.8 98.1 95.2 Morocco 91.6 94.2 112.3 121 122.6 108.6 94.2 108.7 115.2 114.8 Mozambique 81 94.5 101.3 104.2 104.2 107.3 94.5 97.5 98.6 96.9 Niger 71.2 91.9 111.6 119.9 118.3 100 91.9 103.9 107.6 102.4 Oman 58.1 97.5 92.6 87.2 91 82.2 97.5 87.2 79.8 80.9 Pakistan 67.4 101.6 102.2 106.4 109.3 86.7 101.6 97.2 98.8 99.1 Palestine.. 89.6 102.8 102.4 102.1.. 89.6 95.6 91.9 88.5 Qatar 63.4 111.7 108.4 146.6 143.9 78.6 111.4 104.5 139.3 134.7 Saudi Arabia 104.3 92.9 112.6 111.2 108.2 139.8 93.1 106.2 101.8 96.4 Senegal 72 101.3 71.6 79.4 85.3 92 101.3 68.2 73.8 77.4 Sierra-Leone 121.4 94.1 108 109.7 110 132.6 94.4 100.4 97.6 94.2 Somalia.................... Sudan 55.1 97.5 102.4 113.4 114.1 69.5 97.6 98 106.1 104.6 Suriname 119.5 95.8 88.4 105.6 105.6 126.4 95.9 87 103 102.3 Syria.................... Tajikistan.. 105.6 122.6 135.4 121.4.. 105.6 120.6 132 117.4 Togo 76.9 97.6 104.2 104.1 105.3 101.2 97.3 98.8 96.5 95.5 Tunisia 81.2 97.8 82.4 105.1 96.5 94 97.7 80.6 101.7 92.3 Turkey 88.4 104.6 101.4 103 105.2 104.8 104.6 98.4 98.6 99.3 Turkmenistan.. 99.4 100.1 102.2 109.2.. 99.4 97 97.5 102.7 Uganda 78.5 99.4 108.3 108.9 109 106.3 99.5 101.8 99.1 95.9 U.A.E 21.1 141 63.2 53 53.1 29.2 140.6 60.6 49.8 49 Uzbekistan.. 101.6 107.5 107.9 105.2.. 101.6 104.2 103 99 Yemen Republic 72.1 99.1 106.4 104.8 106.5 108.9 99.2 99.3 94.5 92.7 IDB MCs 71.6 99.5 102.0 106.7 106.6 91.3 99.5 97.8 100.1 98.0 Memo: OIC Countries 70.6 99.5 102.0 106.7 106.6 89.7 99.5 97.7 100.1 98.0 LDCs 75.1 99.4 104.9 109.0 108.1.......... Developing Countries 68.3 100 105.3 109.6 111.5 81.0 100.0 102.2 104.8 105.1 Developed Countries 100.1 100.6 99.8 99.8 104.3 104.8 100.6 99.1 98.8 103.0 World 79.7 100.2 103.3 106.1 108.9 91.9 100.2 100.7 102.2 103.7 25
PART II MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS
2. MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS 2.1 Growth of Output Total real output for the member countries as a group has increased from 0.9 trillion in 1990 to over 1.4 trillion in 2004, which is about 4 per cent of the World's and 20 per cent of developing countries' output. Turkey has the largest economy among the member countries and its real GDP has exceeded the combined output of the Least Developed Countries since 1990. Two-thirds of the real output for the member countries as a group are accounted by five countries (Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, and Turkey). Annual real GDP growth for IDB member countries as group has shown cyclical trend peaking at 13 per cent in 1990, decreasing to 5 per cent in the mid-1990s and 2000 and to 1.4 in 2001 before picking up to 5.4 per cent in 2004. The average annual real output growth for member countries varies widely from one decade to another: recording 5.1 per cent growth during 1985-1994 period and edging down to 1.5 per cent in 1995-2004. During 1985-1994, the real GDP growth rate for member countries was sufficient to compensate for the population growth of 2.5 per cent but the growth achieved in 1995-2004 could hardly offset the corresponding average population growth of 1.9. In 1985-1994, four countries (Albania, Cameroon, Sierra-Leone, and Tajikistan) recorded negative real output growth but turned around their economies in subsequent decade 1995-2004 by recording positive average annual growth rate of up to five per cent. Guinea-Bissau is the only country that reversed its positive annual real output growth of about 4 per cent in 1985-1994 to a negative annual growth of 2 per cent. During 1995-2004, three-quarters of member countries had average annual real output growth that exceeded the average growth for the member countries. 2.2 Per Capita Income Standard of living, proxied by output per capita, in member countries as a group is below the average level achieved in developing countries. In the 1990s, the average per capita GDP for member countries was less than US$1,000, crossing this level only in recent years to reach US$1,151 in 2003. The per capita GDP for individual member country ranges from US$134 in Guinea-Bissau to US$4,218 in Malaysia. Only 11 member countries (Albania, Algeria, Egypt, Gabon, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Tunisia, and Turkey) have per capita GDP exceeding the average for the developing countries in 2004. 2.3 Structure of Output The average share of agriculture in the member countries' GDP has decreased from 16.5 per cent in 1990 to 13 per cent in 2003. Individual country shares vary from 2 per cent in Jordan to 71 per cent in Guinea-Bissau in 2004. Industry sector has registered an increase in its share of GDP from 34 per cent in 1990 to 36 per cent in 2003. At the IDB country level, the share of industry in GDP in 2004 varies from 8.6 per cent in Chad to 74 per cent in Algeria. 29
Manufacturing, as a share of GDP, has inched up from 14 per cent in 1990 to 15 per cent in 2003. Individual country shares range from 4 per cent in Guinea to 25 per cent in Syria in 2004. Services sector has also increased from 43 per cent of GDP in 1990 to 46 per cent of GDP in 2003. Services sector in fourteen member countries accounts for more half of their GDP in 2004. Individual country shares in services sector vary from 14 per cent of GDP in Algeria to 73 per cent in Jordan in 2004. 2.4 Sectoral Growth Rates Almost all member countries have recorded positive average annual growth in agriculture sector over the decade, 1995-2004. Nineteen member countries have achieved industrial growth rate of more than 3 per cent during 1995-2004 period, while one country (Cote d'ivoire) has experienced contraction in industrial output during the same period. Thirteen member countries have recorded manufacturing growth rates in excess of 3 per cent while 2 countries have also experienced a downward manufacturing output during the period. Out of 22 countries for which data are available on services sector for two decades (1985-1994, and 1995-2004), 17 countries have recovered from low growth rates, while the remaining 5 countries witnessed regression in services output. 2.5 Structure of demand The share of household final consumption (i.e. private consumption) in the GDP for member countries as a group has decreased from 58 per cent in 1990 to 56 per cent in 2000 while the share of the general government consumption has dropped from 15 per cent in 1990 to 14 per cent of GDP in 2000. The gross domestic savings rate has inched up from to 22 per cent of GDP in 1990 to 24 per cent of GDP in 2000. Similarly the gross national savings rate has also increased from 21 per cent of GDP in 1990 to 23 per cent of GDP in 2000. The share of gross capital formation in GDP has dropped marginally from 20 per cent in the 1990 to 18 per cent in 2000. The share of exports of goods and services has increased from 28 per cent of GDP in 1990 to 36 per cent of GDP in 2000, while the share of imports of goods and services in GDP has also increased to 31 per cent in 2000 from 29 per cent in 1990. 2.6 Government Finance Budget deficit is a ubiquitous phenomenon among member countries since 1990s. The magnitude of the deficit varies from one country to another and from one region to another. In some countries, both revenue and expenditure as per cent of the GDP have decreased during the period 1990-2003, while in others, expenditure continuously outpaced revenue, giving rise to persistent fiscal deficits. 30
2.7 Inflation, Money Supply and Exchange rate The inflation rate for all items in the IDB member countries as a group, measured by consumer price index and expressed as a percentage change, has decreased to an average of 2.8 per cent in 2002 from 4.1 per cent in 2000. Over the period 1994-2003, the individual country inflation rate varies from -0.1 per cent in Saudi Arabia to 70 per cent in Turkey. Changes in broad money supply (M2) in member countries have generally fluctuated without any obvious trend to describe the pattern. With exception of six countries (Benin, Chad, Comoros, Code d Ivoire, Gabon and Niger) all other countries recorded expansion in broad money supply in 2003. During the period 1994-2003, the average annual change in money supply varies from 1 percent in Niger to 267 percent in Turkmenistan. IDB member countries have different exchange rate arrangements which can be classified as follows: 6 countries have independent floating arrangement (IF), 17 with managed floating (MF), 12 with pegged arrangement (P), and 11 with their currencies pegged to Euro (or several exchange arrangements). In terms of exchange rate structures, 5 countries have dual exchange rate (D), 41 with unitary exchange rate (U), and 1 with multiple exchange rate (M). 31
Table 2.1: Output Gross Domestic Product (constant 2000) ( US$ Million) Country 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Afghanistan.... 2,699 2,445 3,144 3,867.. Albania 3,223 2,832 3,694 3,975 4,162 4,411 4,685 Algeria 45,148 45,730 53,455 54,845 57,093 60,975 64,543 Azerbaijan 8,954 3,748 5,273 5,795 6,406 7,123 7,771 Bahrain 4,647 6,453 7,971 7,971 8,377.... Bangladesh 29,525 36,602 47,181 49,670 51,863 54,589 57,600 Benin 1,412 1,739 2,255 2,368 2,510 2,631 2,710 Brunei.............. Burkina Faso 1,750 2,108 2,601 2,754 2,875 3,062 3,182 Cameroon 7,749 7,042 8,879 9,350 9,743 10,200 10,711 Chad 1,134 1,244 1,390 1,528 1,679 1,869 2,448 Comoros 188 195 204 208 214 219 223 Côte d'ivoire 8,319 8,948 10,599 10,611 10,444 10,050 10,230 Djibouti 610 558 553 563 578 598.. Egypt 65,039 76,847 99,428 102,908 106,201 109,599 114,312 Gabon 3,904 4,540 4,932 5,055 5,055 5,197 5,301 Gambia 305 338 421 445 431 460 498 Guinea 2,113 2,537 3,112 3,231 3,366 3,407 3,495 Guinea-Bissau 186 218 215 216 200 202 205 Indonesia 99,345 145,064 150,196 155,379 161,111 167,719 175,266 Iran 65,052 80,923 96,209 99,504 106,820 113,876 121,288 Iraq.............. Jordan 5,148 7,255 8,466 8,826 9,267 9,560 10,057 Kazakhstan 26,348 16,178 18,292 20,761 22,796 24,893 26,916 Kuwait.. 35,672 37,024 36,644 36,497 40,111.. Kyrgyz Republic 2,056 1,043 1,370 1,443 1,442 1,539 1,615 Lebanon 8,286 14,727 16,488 16,813 17,190 17,654 17,810 Libya.............. Malaysia 45,459 71,475 90,320 90,607 94,365 99,378 106,330 Maldives.. 418 624 645 684 747.. Mali 1,630 1,882 2,422 2,716 2,835 3,005 3,145 Mauritania 617 770 940 977 1,010 1,060 1,112 Morocco 26,717 27,971 33,334 35,433 36,563 38,480 39,762 Mozambique 2,143 2,518 3,685 4,164 4,472 4,789 5,192 Niger 1,507 1,563 1,798 1,926 1,984 2,090 2,175 Oman 12,643 16,849 19,867 21,715 21,722.... Pakistan 49,820 62,463 73,321 74,685 77,089 81,059 85,930 Palestine.. 3,591 4,278 3,593 2,906 2,857.. Qatar.............. Saudi Arabia 144,320 166,220 188,693 189,726 189,969 203,608.. Senegal 3,136 3,378 4,373 4,617 4,670 4,971 5,267 Sierra-Leone 1,022 775 636 665 707 754 812 Somalia.............. Sudan 7,000 8,979 12,191 12,935 13,711 14,534 15,406 Suriname 804 798 877 915 940 989.. Syria 10,928 16,021 18,043 18,651 19,253 19,734 20,445 Tajikistan 2,602 989 991 1,092 1,191 1,313 1,425 Togo 1,071 1,075 1,329 1,327 1,382 1,419 1,461 Tunisia 12,255 14,827 19,468 20,415 20,757 21,913 23,074 Turkey 140,202 164,205 199,267 184,334 198,972 210,501 225,501 Turkmenistan 3,740 2,332 2,853 3,435 4,115 4,810 5,171 Uganda 3,070 4,307 5,889 6,248 6,675 6,991 7,391 United Arab Emirates 47,533 52,572 70,252 72,711 74,019.... Uzbekistan 14,044 11,390 13,760 14,338 14,941 15,598 15,988 Yemen Republic 5,382 7,056 9,415 9,858 10,210 10,598 11,064 IDB MCs 928,086 1,146,965 1,361,533 1,381,036 1,434,606 1,405,009.. IDB/World(%) 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 -- Memo: OIC Countries 960,904 1,184,189 1,404,324 1,425,155 1,479,389 1,454,499.. LDCs 129,724 142,240 180,457 189,358 198,711 208,675 220,507 Developing Countries 4,301,525 4,996,312 6,112,621 6,285,036 6,491,960 6,829,917 7,266,631 High Income Countries 19,615,288 21,819,795 25,474,477 25,736,797 26,121,494 26,707,724 -- World 23,920,772 26,816,744 31,583,338 32,016,330 32,606,341 33,527,651 --
Table 2.2: Growth of Output 10-Year Period Annual Output Growth Rate (% Output Growth Rate (%) Country 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1985-1994 1995-2004 Afghanistan...... -9.4 28.6 23.0...... Albania -9.6 8.9 7.3 7.6 4.7 6.0 6.2-4.3 6.1 Algeria 0.8 3.8 2.4 2.6 4.1 6.8 5.9 0.4 3.7 Azerbaijan.. -11.8 11.1 9.9 10.5 11.2 9.1.. 9.0 Bahrain 4.5 3.9 5.3 0.0 5.1.... 6.3.. Bangladesh 5.9 4.9 5.9 5.3 4.4 5.3 5.5 3.9 5.2 Benin 3.2 4.6 5.8 5.0 6.0 4.8 3.0 2.2 5.2 Brunei.................. Burkina Faso -1.5 4.6 1.6 5.9 4.4 6.5 3.9 2.8 4.5 Cameroon -6.1 3.3 4.2 5.3 4.2 4.7 5.0-3.5 4.7 Chad -4.1 0.8-0.6 9.9 9.9 11.3 31.0 2.5 6.4 Comoros 5.0 3.7-1.4 2.0 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.1 1.5 Côte d'ivoire -1.1 7.1-2.3 0.1-1.6-3.8 1.8 0.5 1.0 Djibouti -1.9-2.3 0.7 1.8 2.7 3.5...... Egypt 5.7 4.7 5.1 3.5 3.2 3.2 4.3 3.9 4.5 Gabon 5.2 6.9 2.0 2.5 0.0 2.8 2.0 2.5 1.2 Gambia 3.7 0.9 5.5 5.7-3.1 6.7 8.3 3.6 4.3 Guinea 4.4 6.1 1.9 3.8 4.2 1.2 2.6.. 3.6 Guinea-Bissau 6.3 4.8 7.5 0.5-7.4 1.0 1.5 3.9-1.6 Indonesia 9.0 8.4 4.9 3.5 3.7 4.1 4.5 7.7 1.5 Iran 11.2 2.9 5.0 3.4 7.4 6.6 6.5 3.7 4.3 Iraq.................. Jordan 1.0 6.2 4.2 4.3 5.0 3.2 5.2 1.6 3.7 Kazakhstan.. -8.2 9.8 13.5 9.8 9.2 8.1.. 6.2 Kuwait.. 4.9 3.9-1.0-0.4 9.9...... Kyrgyz Republic 5.7-5.4 5.5 5.3-0.1 6.7 4.9.. 4.6 Lebanon 26.5 6.5-0.5 2.0 2.2 2.7 0.9.. 1.9 Libya.................. Malaysia 9.0 9.8 8.9 0.3 4.1 5.3 7.0 8.5 3.9 Maldives.... 4.3 3.4 6.0 9.2...... Mali -1.9 6.2 3.2 12.1 4.4 6.0 4.7 3.0 6.2 Mauritania -1.9 5.2 5.3 3.9 3.4 5.0 4.9 2.8 4.2 Morocco 4.0-6.6 1.0 6.3 3.2 5.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 Mozambique 1.0 4.3 1.5 13.0 7.4 7.1 8.4 4.2 8.3 Niger -1.3 2.6-1.4 7.1 3.0 5.3 4.1 1.0 3.6 Oman 7.5 3.2 5.4 9.3 0.0.... 5.2.. Pakistan 4.5 5.0 4.3 1.9 3.2 5.1 6.0 5.4 3.4 Palestine.. -2.4-1.2-16.0-19.1-1.7...... Qatar................... Saudi Arabia 8.3 0.2 4.9 0.5 0.1 7.2.. 4.1.. Senegal 3.9 5.2 5.6 5.6 1.1 6.4 6.0 1.8 5.0 Sierra-Leone 3.3-8.0 3.4 4.6 6.3 6.6 7.7-1.9 0.0 Somalia.................. Sudan -5.5 6.0 6.5 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.4 6.2 Suriname 0.1 1.1 1.7 4.3 2.7 5.2.. 1.0.. Syria 7.6 5.7 0.6 3.4 3.2 2.5 3.6 5.0 2.5 Tajikistan -0.6-12.4 8.3 10.2 9.1 10.2 8.5-7.5 5.6 Togo -0.2 7.8-0.8-0.2 4.1 2.7 3.0 0.1 2.6 Tunisia 7.9 2.3 4.7 4.9 1.7 5.6 5.3 3.9 4.9 Turkey 9.3 7.2 7.4-7.5 7.9 5.8 7.1 4.3 2.6 Turkmenistan 0.7-7.2 18.6 20.4 19.8 16.9 7.5.. 11.7 Uganda 6.5 11.5 5.4 6.1 6.8 4.7 5.7 5.7 6.1 United Arab Emirates 17.5 6.1 12.3 3.5 1.8.... 3.9.. Uzbekistan 1.6-0.9 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.4 2.5.. 4.1 Yemen Republic.. 11.6 6.6 4.7 3.6 3.8 4.4.. 5.0 IDB MCs 13.0 5.2 5.3 1.4 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.1 1.5 Memo: OIC Countries 12.8 5.0 5.2 1.5 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.0 1.6 LDCs 1.5 5.2 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.7 1.9 4.9 Developing Countries 2.0 3.6 5.2 2.8 3.3 5.2 6.4 2.9 4.0 High Income Countries 3.1 2.6 3.7 1.0 1.5 2.2.. 2.9.. World 2.9 2.8 4.0 1.4 1.8 2.8.. 2.9.. 34
Table 2.3: Structure of Output Share of GDP (%) Agriculture Industry Manufacturing Services Country 1990 2002 2003 2004 1990 2002 2003 2004 1990 2002 2003 2004 1990 2002 2003 2004 Afghanistan.. 52.0...... 24.1...... 17.8...... 23.9.... Albania 35.9 25.4 24.7.. 48.2 19.0 19.2.... 9.9 9.8.. 15.9 55.5 56.1.. Algeria 11.4 10.0 10.2 12.7 48.2 52.7 55.1 73.5 11.4 7.9 7.0 8.1 40.5 37.3 34.7 13.8 Azerbaijan 29.0 15.0 14.3 13.5 32.9 50.2 54.5 54.3 29.8 18.8 23.3 23.6 38.1 34.8 31.1 32.2 Bahrain 0.9...... 45.7...... 16.7...... 53.3...... Bangladesh 30.3 22.7 21.8 20.5 21.5 26.4 26.3 26.7 13.1 15.9 15.8 16.0 48.3 50.9 52.0 52.8 Benin 36.1 36.0 35.7 36.3 13.2 14.3 14.4 14.1 7.8 9.0 9.0 8.7 50.7 49.7 50.0 49.6 Brunei................................ Burkina Faso 27.8 31.0 31.0 30.8 20.2 18.0 18.9 19.9 14.7 12.3 12.9 13.5 52.0 50.9 50.1 49.4 Cameroon 24.6 44.0 44.2 43.9 29.5 17.0 16.7 15.6 14.5 8.8 8.7 7.9 46.0 39.0 39.1 40.5 Chad 29.3 38.7 45.6 60.9 17.7 15.4 13.5 8.6 14.4 13.5 11.5 6.7 53.0 45.8 40.9 30.4 Comoros 39.4 40.9 40.9.. 7.9 11.9 11.9.. 4.0 4.2 4.2.. 52.7 47.2 47.2.. Côte d'ivoire 32.5 25.6 26.2 25.3 23.2 20.0 18.6 19.4 20.9 12.7 10.7 10.7 44.3 54.5 55.2 55.3 Djibouti 3.3...... 20.0...... 5.3...... 76.6...... Egypt 19.4 16.8 16.1 15.5 28.7 33.0 34.0 32.1 17.8 19.2 18.9 18.2 52.0 50.2 49.8 52.4 Gabon 7.3 7.6 8.1 9.1 43.0 46.4 62.1 68.5 5.6 4.7 4.9 5.4 49.7 46.0 29.8 22.4 Gambia 29.0 27.1 30.1 32.0 13.1 14.8 14.6 14.4 6.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 57.9 58.2 55.2 53.7 Guinea 23.8 24.2 24.6 24.9 33.3 36.6 36.4 36.7 4.6 4.2 4.0 4.0 42.9 39.1 39.0 38.4 Guinea-Bissau 60.8 62.4 68.7 70.7 18.6 13.1 13.3 12.6 8.4 10.1 9.9 9.0 20.6 24.5 17.9 16.8 Indonesia 19.4 17.1 16.6 16.9 39.1 44.2 43.6 45.6 20.7 25.4 24.7.. 41.5 38.7 39.9 37.6 Iran 23.5 11.7 11.3 10.9 28.6 40.6 41.2 41.0 12.3 12.0 12.5 12.7 47.9 47.7 47.6 48.1 Iraq................................. Jordan 8.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 28.1 25.9 26.0 25.3 14.9 16.0 15.8 15.2 63.8 71.9 71.8 72.6 Kazakhstan.. 8.6 7.8 7.3.. 38.6 38.3 39.4.. 15.6 15.5 15.6... 52.8 53.9 53.3 Kuwait 0.6...... 52.3...... 11.6...... 47.0...... Kyrgyz Republic 34.2 37.7 38.7.. 35.8 23.3 22.9.. 27.7 9.2 8.0.. 30.0 39.0 38.4.. Lebanon.. 11.7 12.2 12.9.. 21.0 20.0 19.1.. 9.9 9.4 9.0.. 67.3 67.7 68.1 Libya................................ Malaysia 15.2 9.2 9.7 10.0 42.2 47.3 48.5 48.0 24.2 30.5 31.1.. 42.6 43.5 41.8 42.0 Maldives................................ Mali 45.5 34.2 38.4.. 15.9 29.7 26.1.. 8.5 3.2 2.8.. 38.6 36.1 35.5.. Mauritania 29.6 20.8 19.3 19.1 28.8 29.4 30.0 30.1 10.3 8.9 8.7 8.7 41.6 49.9 50.8 50.8 Morocco 17.7 16.1 16.8 16.7 32.4 30.3 29.6 29.8 18.4 16.8 16.6 16.5 49.9 53.6 53.6 53.5 Mozambique 37.1 26.6 26.1.. 18.4 28.9 31.2.. 10.2 14.9 15.5.. 44.5 44.6 42.8.. Niger 35.3 39.6 39.9.. 16.2 17.0 16.8.. 6.6 6.6 6.6.. 48.6 43.4 43.4.. Oman 3.3...... 57.7...... 3.8...... 39.0...... Pakistan 26.0 23.2 23.3 22.7 25.2 23.3 23.5 23.6 17.4 16.1 16.4 16.6 48.8 53.5 53.2 53.7 Palestine.. 6.3 6.2.... 13.3 12.0.... 10.7 9.8.... 80.4 81.8.. Qatar................................ Saudi Arabia 5.7 5.1 4.5.. 48.8 51.5 55.2.. 8.6 10.3 10.1.. 45.5 43.4 40.3.. Senegal 19.9 15.0 16.8 17.0 18.7 21.6 21.2 21.2 13.1 13.8 12.8 12.6 61.4 63.4 62.0 61.8 Sierra-Leone 32.0 52.4 52.7 53.2 13.0 31.5 30.8 29.6 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.3 55.0 16.1 16.5 17.2 Somalia 65.5.............. 4.6.............. Sudan.. 39.2...... 18.3...... 9.3...... 42.5.... Suriname 8.7 11.1.... 24.2 19.6.... 10.3 5.4.... 67.1 69.3.... Syria 28.3 23.5 23.5 24.4 24.2 29.3 28.6 28.2 20.4 26.1 25.5 25.1 47.6 47.2 48.0 47.4 Tajikistan 33.3 29.4 23.4 24.3 37.6 24.7 20.2 21.0 24.8...... 29.1 45.9 56.4 54.8 Togo 33.8 38.1 40.8 41.2 22.5 18.5 22.2 22.8 9.9 9.1 9.3 9.4 43.7 43.3 37.1 36.0 Tunisia 15.7 10.3 12.1 12.6 29.8 29.3 28.1 27.8 16.9 18.6 17.8 17.7 54.5 60.4 59.8 59.6 Turkey 18.3 13.0 13.4 12.0 29.8 23.7 21.9 27.1 19.5 14.0 13.3 17.1 51.9 63.3 64.7 60.9 Turkmenistan 32.2...... 29.6.............. 38.2...... Uganda 56.6 31.0 32.4 32.2 11.1 21.6 21.2 21.2 5.7 10.0 9.3 9.2 32.4 47.5 46.4 46.6 U.A.E 1.6...... 63.7...... 7.7...... 34.7...... Uzbekistan 32.8 34.7 35.2 35.3 33.0 21.6 21.7 21.7.. 9.1 9.1 9.1 34.3 43.7 43.1 43.0 Yemen Republic 24.2 15.2 15.0 14.9 26.8 40.4 40.0 40.5 9.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 49.0 44.4 45.0 44.7 IDB MCs 16.5 13.0 13.4 15.0 33.6 32.6 35.5 36.8 14.0 14.5 15.3 11.8 42.8 43.3 46.4 44.7 Memo: OIC Countries 17.0 13.6 13.9 15.0 33.8 33.0 36.0 36.8 13.8 14.2 14.8 11.8 42.3 42.7 45.5 44.7 LDCs 36.3 30.2 27.9.. 20.7 25.2 26.1.. 10.9 11.7 12.0.. 43.3 44.6 46.0.. Developing C. 17.6 12.0 11.6 11.9 37.2 34.5 35 32.9 22.3 20.5 21.3 22.5 45.2 53.5 53.4 55.2 High Income C. 2.7...... 32.6...... 21.7...... 64.7...... World 5.5...... 33.5...... 21.8...... 61.0......
Table 2.4: Sectoral Growth Rates Average Annual % growth Agriculture Industry Manufacturing Services Country 1985-1994 1995-2004 1985-1994 1995-2004 1985-1994 1995-2004 1985-1994 1995-2004 Afghanistan................ Albania 2.6.. -11.4...... -4.3.. Algeria 3.5 4.3 0.1 3.6-1.3-0.2 0.3 3.5 Azerbaijan.. 5.7.. 10.3...... 7.8 Bahrain................ Bangladesh 2.4 3.8 6.1 6.7 5.8 5.8 1.6 5.1 Benin 4.3 5.4 0.0 3.7 0.0 3.9-0.3 4.8 Brunei................ Burkina Faso 4.3 3.5 1.2.. 3.2.. 0.6 5.9 Cameroon -0.1 6.2-5.7 6.2-0.8 8.2-3.7 1.0 Chad 3.9 7.3 3.4 8.4.... 0.7 3.9 Comoros 0.0 0.0........ 0.0.. Côte d'ivoire 4.2 2.1 0.0-1.0 0.9-2.0-0.1 1.3 Djibouti................ Egypt 2.7.. 4.6...... 1.7.. Gabon -2.1 2.8 2.8 1.9.... 1.3 0.2 Gambia 0.0 0.0........ 0.0 0.0 Guinea.. 4.0.. 4.6.. 0.0.. 2.9 Guinea-Bissau 0.0 0.0.......... 0.0 Indonesia 3.5 1.5 9.8 1.8 11.2.. 3.1 0.6 Iran 4.2 3.2 6.2 4.9 7.6 7.4-0.1 4.5 Iraq................ Jordan 11.0 0.0 2.4 4.3 5.1 6.4-0.8 3.9 Kazakhstan.. 2.0.. 8.1.. 6.7.. 4.6 Kuwait................ Kyrgyz Republic................ Lebanon.. 1.7.. 0.4.. 0.9.. 2.4 Libya................ Malaysia 2.3 1.8 9.6 4.3 14.0 5.2 3.8 3.8 Maldives................ Mali 4.7 3.1 6.1.. 0.0.. 0.7.. Mauritania 3.9 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 Morocco 1.6 4.1 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.2 3.4 Mozambique 2.2 6.0-2.8...... 2.4.. Niger 3.5.. 0.0.. 0.0.. 0.5.. Oman................ Pakistan 4.1 2.6 6.6 4.0 5.9 5.1 2.5 3.9 Palestine................ Qatar................ Saudi Arabia 6.5.. 7.0.. 2.5.. 0.4.. Senegal 0.9 2.4 2.3 6.6 2.8 6.1 1.3 5.2 Sierra-Leone -9.1 1.6 5.5 0.5.... 6.1 0.0 Somalia................ Sudan 3.4.. 3.5.. 2.5.. 2.5.. Suriname 0.0.. 0.0.. 0.0.. 1.8.. Syria 3.5 2.3 11.4 4.7.. 5.5 0.9 1.5 Tajikistan -8.2.. -5.2.. -1.6.. -0.5.. Togo 2.8 2.2-2.9 5.3 0.0 0.0-1.6 2.1 Tunisia 4.1 3.5 4.3 4.5 1.7 5.0 1.1 5.4 Turkey 1.4.. 5.3.. 5.9.. 2.4.. Turkmenistan................ Uganda 4.0 3.7 6.6 8.2 11.1 9.1 2.7 7.7 United Arab Emirates................ Uzbekistan.. 4.0.. 2.7...... 4.9 Yemen Republic.. 5.8.. 3.3.. 1.0.. 6.0 IDB MCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Memo: OIC Countries -- -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- LDCs.... 1.2.. 3.1.. 1.4 4.7 Developing Countries 2.7 2.5 3.6 4.6 5.1.. 1.5.. High Income Countries 0.6.. 2.2...... 1.6.. World 1.8.. 2.5...... 1.5.. 36
Table 2.5: Per Capita Output and Income Gross National Income (GNI) Per Capita GNI Per Capita GDP (Curent US$ billion) (Current US$) (Constant 2000 US$) Country 1990 2002 2003 2004 1990 2002 2003 2004 1990 2002 2003 2004 Afghanistan.................. 112 134.. Albania 2.1 5.0 6.3 7.1 641 1,587 1,988 2,227 984 1,321 1,392 1,470 Algeria 60.0 53.7 64.6 77.4 2,398 1,715 2,029 2,391 1,804 1,823 1,915 1,994 Azerbaijan.. 5.9 6.7 7.6.. 722 814 918 1,251 784 865 939 Bahrain 3.5 7.2.... 6,958 10,317.... 9,239 12,004.... Bangladesh 30.8 49.7 54.8 59.6 280 366 397 424 268 382 395 410 Benin 1.8 2.7 3.4.. 382 412 506.. 300 383 392 393 Brunei........................ Burkina Faso 3.1 3.2 4.2.. 349 270 347.. 197 243 253 257 Cameroon 10.7 9.2 11.7 12.6 918 583 727 768 665 618 634 653 Chad 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6 292 240 268 295 195 201 218 277 Comoros 0.3 0.2 0.3.. 694 341 500.. 435 365 365 363 Côte d'ivoire 9.2 11.0 13.0.. 780 666 772.. 705 632 597 597 Djibouti.. 0.6 0.6.... 865 850.. 1,245 833 848.. Egypt 42.0 90.0 82.3 72.7 801 1,356 1,218 1,058 1,240 1,600 1,622 1,663 Gabon 5.3 4.2 5.2 5.3 5,561 3,193 3,868 3,858 4,097 3,843 3,866 3,859 Gambia 0.3 0.3 0.4.. 323 216 282.. 329 310 324 344 Guinea 2.7 3.2 3.6 3.5 469 413 455 434 367 435 431 433 Guinea-Bissau 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 197 138 134 196 183 138 136 134 Indonesia 109.2 167.1 199.0.. 613 789 927.. 557 761 781 805 Iran 120.8 113.9 137.3 161.3 2,221 1,738 2,068 2,410 1,196 1,630 1,715 1,812 Iraq 48.7...... 2,694.............. Jordan 3.8 9.3 9.8 10.6 1,199 1,798 1,846 1,949 1,624 1,792 1,801 1,849 Kazakhstan 26.9 23.6 28.0 36.0 1,645 1,587 1,882 2,407 1,612 1,533 1,673 1,799 Kuwait 25.7 38.5 45.1.. 12,094 16,489 18,820.... 15,631 16,738.. Kyrgyz Republic 2.7 1.5 1.8.. 610 300 356.. 465 288 305 317 Lebanon 3.5 18.0 18.1 19.3 963 4,053 4,024 4,238 2,280 3,871 3,925 3,911 Libya........................ Malaysia 42.2 88.6 97.8.. 2,318 3,645 3,948.. 2,497 3,883 4,011 4,218 Maldives 0.2 0.6 0.7.. 939 2,093 2,388.... 2,386 2,549.. Mali 2.4 3.1 4.2.. 284 273 360.. 193 249 258 263 Mauritania 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 542 395 421 379 304 363 372 383 Morocco 24.8 35.4 43.0 47.2 1,031 1,194 1,428 1,543 1,111 1,234 1,278 1,300 Mozambique 2.3 3.4 4.1.. 163 184 218.. 151 243 255 271 Niger 2.4 2.1 2.7.. 314 184 230.. 197 174 178 180 Oman 10.3 19.8.... 6,331 7,801.... 7,771 8,559.... Pakistan 41.7 69.2 80.1 92.7 386 478 540 610 461 532 546 565 Palestine.. 3.8 3.8.... 1,176 1,129.... 899 849.. Qatar 7.6...... 15,670.............. Saudi Arabia 124.8 188.9 214.7.. 7,897 8,631 9,530.. 9,132 8,680 9,038.. Senegal 5.5 4.9 6.4 7.7 751 490 625 736 428 467 485 504 Sierra-Leone 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 150 153 150 147 256 135 141 149 Somalia 0.8...... 112.............. Sudan 12.4 14.2 16.3 14.7 497 433 486 428 281 418 433 448 Suriname 0.4 0.9 1.2.. 995 2,076 2,739.. 2,000 2,169 2,257.. Syria 12.0 19.0 20.6 22.1 990 1,119 1,185 1,243 902 1,133 1,135 1,150 Tajikistan 2.6 1.2 1.5 1.7 490 192 238 268 491 190 208 225 Togo 1.6 1.4 1.7.. 463 294 350.. 310 290 292 294 Tunisia 11.9 20.0 23.9 26.5 1,459 2,045 2,415 2,647 1,503 2,122 2,215 2,305 Turkey 152.2 182.2 238.3.. 2,710 2,617 3,370.. 2,497 2,858 2,977 3,144 Turkmenistan 3.2 4.5 6.1.. 872 939 1,254.. 1,020 859 989 1,049 Uganda 4.2 5.7 6.2 6.7 242 232 245 258 177 271 277 285 U.A.E 36.4...... 20,530...... 26,809 19,717.... Uzbekistan.. 9.5 9.8 11.4.. 376 383 440 685 591 610 617 Yemen Republic 4.8 9.2 10.0.. 404 495 522.. 453 549 553 560 IDB MCs 1049.3 1350.7 1544.5 -- 1,088 1,093 1,223 -- 987 1,197 1,151 979 Memo: OIC Countries 1075.2 1391.7 1595.2 -- 1,037 1,044 1,174 -- 926 1,110 1,071 -- LDCs 149.1 192.0 215.4 -- 300 290 310 -- 250 301 309 -- Developing C 3908.0 6194.0 6984.3 7803.7 870 1,180 1,280 1,470 985 1,241 1,289 1,403 High Income C. 17621.3 26285.0 29380.6 -- 19,760 26,570 28,600 -- 22,110 27,017 27,475 -- World 21527.7 32476.9 36361.7 -- 4,060 5,130 5,510 -- 4,553 5,259 5,345 -- 37
Table 2.6: Structure of Demand Household final consumption expenditure General government Gross fixed final consumption capital expenditure formation Export of Goods and Services Import of Goods and Services (% of GDP) (% of GDP) (% of GDP) (% of GDP) (% of GDP) Country 1990 2000 2004 1990 2000 2004 1990 2000 2004 1990 2000 2004 1990 2000 2004 Afghanistan.............................. Albania 61 88 90 19 9 9 29 18 23 15 19 20 23 41 44 Algeria 57 42 46 16 14 9 27 23 24 23 43 39 25 21 24 Azerbaijan 51 64 57 18 15 11 20 23 55 44 39 44 39 38 66 Bahrain 38 41.. 24 18.. 19 14.. 116 88.. 95 63.. Bangladesh 86 78 78 4 5 5 17 23 24 6 14 14 14 19 21 Benin 87 82 88 11 12 14 13 19 11 14 15 14 26 28 26 Brunei.............................. Burkina Faso 82 81 82 13 13 13 17 23 19 11 9 9 24 25 23 Cameroon 67 70 71 13 10 11 17 16 18 20 31 25 17 27 25 Chad 88 90 52 10 8 5 11 22 25 13 17 53 28 37 37 Comoros 80 88.. 23 13.. 11 10.. 14 15.. 35 30.. Cote d'ivoire 72 75 71 17 7 8 9 11 10 32 40 42 27 33 33 Djibouti.. 80.... 25.... 13.... 45.... 63.. Egypt 73 79 75 11 10 10 27 18 17 20 16 25 33 23 28 Gabon 50 62.. 13 10.. 21 26 29 46 37 69 31 35 45 Gambia 76 78 70 14 14 10 22 17 22 60 48 37 72 57 39 Guinea 73 79 86 9 4 6 18 21 11 31 24 23 31 29 25 Guinea-Bissau 87 95 80 10 14 16 30 11 19 10 32 30 37 52 45 Indonesia 59 67 77 9 7 3 28 22 20 25 43 31 24 34 26 Iran 62 51 49 11 15 14 15 28 31 22 22 23 24 22 22 Iraq.............................. Jordan 74 81 79 25 24 22 26 21 22 62 42 45 93 69 69 Kazakhstan.. 61 55.. 12 12.. 17 25.. 57 49.. 48 43 Kuwait 57 44.. 39 22.. 18 8.. 45 58.. 58 31.. Kyrgyz Republic 71 66.. 25 20.. 23 18.. 29 42.. 50 48.. Lebanon 140 88 96 25 19 13 18 18 17 18 13 14 100 38 40 Libya 48 46.. 24 21.. 14 13.. 40 36.. 31 16.. Malaysia 52 42 44 14 10 14 33 26 20 75 124 121 72 105 100 Maldives.. 33.... 23.. 37 26.. 24 90.. 64 72.. Mali 80 75.. 14 15.. 23 22.. 17 27.. 34 39.. Mauritania 69 68 79 26 17 20 20 31 48 46 40 40 61 56 87 Morocco 65 63 64 15 19 18 24 24 24 26 31 31 32 38 38 Mozambique 92 79.. 14 10.. 22 37.. 8 13.. 36 39.. Niger 84 83 80 15 13 12 11 11 17 15 18 16 22 26 25 Oman 27 40.. 38 21........ 53 58.. 31 31.. Pakistan 74 74 75 15 11 13 17 16 16 16 16 19 23 18 24 Palestine.. 87.... 37.... 22.... 15.... 60.. Qatar.............................. Saudi Arabia 47 37.. 29 26.. 19 18.. 41 44.. 32 25.. Senegal 76 79 76 15 12 14 13 17 20 25 30 28 30 40 39 Sierra-Leone 83 94 91 8 14 20 10 8 18 22 17 26 24 33 55 Somalia............ 15.... 10.... 38.... Sudan.. 74.... 6.... 13.... 16.... 14.. Suriname 62 65.. 30 37.. 11 13.. 42 20.. 44 33.. Syria 69 62 59 14 11 10 17 19 24 28 38 41 28 30 33 Tajikistan 74 85 70 9 8 13 22 9 9 28 81 65 35 85 89 Togo 71 92 86 14 10 10 25 18 21 33 31 34 45 51 47 Tunisia 58 61 65 16 16 14 31 26 23 44 44 44 51 48 47 Turkey 69 69 72 11 14 12 23 22.. 13 24 27 18 32 28 Turkmenistan 49 43.. 23 15.... 35.... 54.... 47.. Uganda 92 78 76 8 14 16 13 20 21 7 11 14 19 23 27 United Arab Emirates 39.... 16.... 19.... 65.... 40.... Uzbekistan 61 62 60 25 19 19 31 24 20 29 25 34 48 22 29 Yemen Republic 74 62 77 17 13 14 12 17 18 14 43 27 20 35 36 IDB MCs 58 56 -- 15 14 -- 20 18 -- 28 36 -- 29 31 -- Memo: OIC Countries 58 59 -- 15 14 -- 20 21 -- 28 39 -- 29 34 -- LDCs 81 79.. 11 9.. 16 20.. 13 22.. 22 30.. Developing Countries 61 60 60 14 14 15 22 23 26 21 30 31 20 28 30 High Income Countries 60 62.. 17 17.. 23 22.. 19 24.. 19 24.. World 60 61.. 17 16.. 23 22.. 19 25.. 19 25.. 38
Table 2.7: Investment, Saving, and Resource Gap Gross National Savings (% of GDP) Gross fixed Gross Domestic capital formation Savings Resource Gap* (% of GDP) (% of GDP) (% of GDP) Country 1990 2000 2004 1990 2000 2004 1990 2000 2004 1990 2000 2004 Afghanistan........................ Albania.. 20 19 29 18 23 21 3 2-8 -15-21 Algeria 24.... 27 23 24 27 44 45 0 22 21 Azerbaijan.. 17 21 20 23 55 31 21 32.... -23 Bahrain 15 26.. 19 14.. 37 42.. 18.... Bangladesh 17 27 30 17 23 24 10 18 17-7 -5-7 Benin 5 10.. 13 19 11 2 6-1.. -13-12 Brunei........................ Burkina Faso 16 11 7 17 23 19 5 7 5-12 -16-14 Cameroon 16.... 17 16 18 21 20 18 4 4 0 Chad 12.... 11 22 25 2 2 43.. -20 18 Comoros 14.... 11 10.. -3-1.. -14-12.. Cote d'ivoire -5 8 14 9 11 10 11 18 21 2 7 11 Djibouti........ 13.... -5........ Egypt 26 17 20 27 18 17 16 12 15-11 -6-2 Gabon 24.... 21 26 29 37 28 52 16 2 23 Gambia 21.... 22 17 22 11 8 20.. -9-2 Guinea 15 17 10 18 21 11 18 17 9.. -4-2 Guinea-Bissau 14.... 30 11 19 3-9 4-27 -20-15 Indonesia 28 20 18 28 22 20 32 26 20 4 4 0 Iran 28 40 43 15 28 31 27 35 37 12 7 6 Iraq........................ Jordan 22 21 28 26 21 22 1-5 -1-25 -26-23 Kazakhstan.. 22 26.. 17 25.. 27 33.... 8 Kuwait 17 47 27 18 8.. 4 35.. -14.... Kyrgyz Republic.. 15 15 23 18.. 4 14.... -4.. Lebanon 22 2-8 18 18 17-64 -7-9.. -25-26 Libya...... 14 13.. 27 33.. 13.... Malaysia 30 37 34 33 26 20 34 47 43 1 22 23 Maldives.. 35 41 37 26.... 44........ Mali 15 14.. 23 22.. 6 10.. -17-13.. Mauritania 19.... 20 31 48 5 15 2.. -16-46 Morocco 25 22 27 24 24 24 19 17 18-5 -7-6 Mozambique 6 11 12 22 37.. -6 11.. -28-26.. Niger -1.... 11 11 17 1 4 8-10 -8-9 Oman 24 29........ 35 40........ Pakistan 22 19 22 17 16 16 11 14 12-6 -2-4 Palestine........ 22.... -24........ Qatar........................ Saudi Arabia 18 30 35 19 18.. 24 38.. 5 20.. Senegal 8 11 14 13 17 20 9 9 10-4 -9-10 Sierra-Leone -1 3 2 10 8 18 9-8 -11-1 -16-29 Somalia...... 15.... -12.... -27.... Sudan.. 6 21.. 13.... 20 6...... Suriname 6-1 -2 11 13.. 8-2.. -3.... Syria 14 23.. 17 19 24 17 27 31 0 8 7 Tajikistan.. 2.. 22 9 9 17 7 17.. -2 8 Togo 21 1.. 25 18 21 15-2 5-10 -20-16 Tunisia 29 23 22 31 26 23 25 24 21-6 -3-2 Turkey 24 20 19 23 22.. 20 17 16-3 -5.. Turkmenistan.. 47.... 35.. 28 42........ Uganda 8 15 17 13 20 21 1 8 8.. -12-13 United Arab Emirates...... 19.... 45.... 26.... Uzbekistan.. 18.. 31 24 20 13 19 21 1 Yemen Republic 25 32 18 12 17 18 9 25 9.. 8-9 IDB MCs 21 23 -- 20 18 -- 22 24 -- -- -- -- Memo: 16.7 OIC Countries 21 23 -- 20 21 -- 22 24 -- -- -- -- LDCs 14 19.. 16 20.. 8 14.... -7.. Developing Countries 25 25 27 22 23 26 25 26 27 3 2 1 High Income Countries 22 22.. 23 22.. 23 22.. 0.... World 22 22.. 23 22.. 23 22.. 0.... * Gross Domestic Savings minus Gross capital formation 39
Table 2.8: Growth of Demand Household final consumption expenditure (ave. annual % growth) General government Gross capital Export of Goods Import of Goods final consumption formation & Services & Services expenditure (average annual % growth) (average annual % growth) (average annual % growth) (average annual % growth) Country 1985-94 1995-2004 1985-94 1995-2004 1985-94 1995-2004 1985-94 1995-2004 1985-94 1995-2004 Afghanistan....................... Albania......... 11.1..... 10.1.. 17.8 Algeria -1.6 2.6 1.7 2.7-4.7 4.4 2.2 1.9-6.0 3.6 Azerbaijan.. 11.3.. 0.1.. 30.4.. 6.0.. 16.1 Bahrain....................... Bangladesh 3.2 3.4 4.1 7.0 6.0 8.8 9.2 4.6 3.9 4.1 Benin 1.8 5.4 0.0 8.0 3.0 13.8 0.0 1.9-0.7 4.1 Brunei....................... Burkina Faso 3.0.. 1.9.. -2.2 9.9 2.7 1.7-0.2 5.7 Cameroon -3.2 5.6-1.1 6.7-11.2 8.0-2.3 3.3-5.1 9.5 Chad.. 5.8-2.5 0.0.. 33.0-0.2-8.9-3.4 22.1 Comoros 3.9................... 0.0 Cote d'ivoire 0.9 0.7-3.0 2.8-4.3 1.0 1.0 0.9-0.8-2.1 Djibouti....................... Egypt 4.3.. -1.4.. -5.9 4.7 8.0 0.6-0.8-0.4 Gabon 0.3 4.2-2.7 0.9-5.5 1.4 8.1-0.8-4.0 1.3 Gambia 8.0 1.4...... 0.0 2.6 0.0 1.7 0.7 Guinea.. 3.8.. 7.0.. 1.6.. 1.8.. 2.1 Guinea-Bissau -3.4 2.2.............. 0.0 0.0 Indonesia 5.8 3.0 4.9 2.7 11.0-6.3 9.3 0.3 7.4-2.1 Iran 2.9 4.7 1.2 1.7 0.2 7.0 11.7-0.7 2.0 1.7 Iraq....................... Jordan -1.1 5.9-1.6 2.2 6.7-0.3 5.1 0.5 1.6 3.3 Kazakhstan.. 4.0.. 2.6.. 9.3.. 1.8.. 3.0 Kuwait....................... Kyrgyz Republic....................... Lebanon.. 0.0.. 10.8.. -7.5.. 3.0.. -1.8 Libya....................... Malaysia 7.7 3.7 6.2 7.4 15.8-3.2 14.5 2.3 17.6 3.8 Maldives....................... Mali 2.2.. 3.9.. 2.1 9.8 7.8 6.7 1.1 6.6 Mauritania 5.5 3.6-6.9 11.1-9.6 9.3-3.3-1.2-5.0 4.2 Morocco 3.9 3.3 4.4 4.5 1.8 8.2 7.2 2.2 7.8 6.4 Mozambique 2.4.. 7.8.. 7.3 10.2 9.2 9.3 3.1 5.5 Niger....................... Oman....................... Pakistan 4.1 2.7 4.6 2.5 4.4 1.4 10.8 1.6 3.4 0.2 Palestine....................... Qatar....................... Saudi Arabia....................... Senegal 0.6 4.7 0.0 8.2 3.7 9.3 2.6 4.0 0.2 0.4 Sierra-Leone -8.3-3.2 0.0 9.2.... -1.1-4.9-0.3 0.0 Somalia....................... Sudan................. 13.1.... Suriname....................... Syria 5.4 1.8-0.1-0.3 0.5 0.3 13.7 6.5 1.7 4.3 Tajikistan......... -7.2..... 0.8.... Togo 0.1 1.9 0.0 0.0-6.2 5.3-4.6 1.6-7.1 2.3 Tunisia 3.1 5.1 3.3 4.6 5.4 4.5 7.5 2.8 6.1 5.0 Turkey....................... Turkmenistan................. 5.1.. 6.9 Uganda 5.2 5.0 2.9 6.3 7.1 4.4 2.2 4.0 2.6 4.7 United Arab Emirates...................... Uzbekistan........... 5.8.. -0.9.. -2.1 Yemen Republic.. 4.1.. 4.9.. 0.7.. 1.6.. -0.1 IDB MCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Memo: OIC Countries -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- LDCs........... 7.4.. 3.5.. 5.0 Developing Countries 3.3.. 3.0 4.1 1.6 4.4.. 2.9.. 7.0 High Income Countries 3.0.. 2.2.. 2.6.. 6.1.. 6.1.. World 3.0.. 2.2.. 2.5.. 5.8.. 5.6.. 40
Table 2.9: Government Finance Current Revenue (excl. grants) Expenditure Budget* Suplus (+) / Deficit(-) (% of GDP) (% of GDP) (% of GDP) Country 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 Afghanistan.............................. Albania.............................. Algeria.. 39.0 36.0 36.0.... 21.0 23.0 25.0.... 10.0 4.0 1.0.. Azerbaijan.............................. Bahrain 29.0 36.0 32.0 34.0.. 27.0 24.0 25.0 30.0.. -1.0 10.0 6.0 0.0.. Bangladesh.... 10.0 10.0 10.0.... 9.0 9.0 9.0.... -1.0 0.0 0.0 Benin.............................. Brunei.............................. Burkina Faso.............................. Cameroon 15.0........ 16.0........ -6.0........ Chad.............................. Comoros.............................. Cote d'ivoire.. 16.0 17.0........................ Djibouti.............................. Egypt 23.0........ 24.0........ -2.0........ Gabon.............................. Gambia 19.0........ 17.0........ 2.0........ Guinea 16.0........ 11.0........ -3.0........ Guinea-Bissau.............................. Indonesia 19.0.. 21.0.... 12.0........ 0.0........ Iran 18.0 25.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 15.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 20.0-2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 Iraq.............................. Jordan 26.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 24.0 31.0 27.0 27.0 29.0 30.0-3.0-2.0-3.0-3.0 0.0 Kazakhstan.. 11.0 11.0 13.0 14.0.. 14.0 14.0 13.0 14.0.. 0.0 0.0 0.0-1.0 Kuwait 59.0........ 48.0........ 4.0........ Kyrgyz Republic.. 14.0 16.0...... 16.0 16.0...... -3.0-1.0.... Lebanon.. 17.0 16.0 20.0.... 32.0 29.0 30.0.... -19.0-15.0-13.0.. Libya.............................. Malaysia 26.0 19.0 25.0 24.0 24.0 23.0 16.0 20.0 23.0 20.0-3.0-3.0-3.0-6.0-4.0 Maldives 22.0 30.0 30.0 31.0 31.0 17.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0-8.0-5.0-5.0-7.0-9.0 Mali.............................. Mauritania.............................. Morocco 26.0........ 21.0........ -2.0........ Mozambique.............................. Niger.............................. Oman 39.0 24.0 27.0.... 36.0 26.0 27.0.... 0.0-4.0-3.0.... Pakistan 19.0 14.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 20.0 17.0 16.0 17.0 17.0-2.0-4.0-4.0-3.0-3.0 Palestine.............................. Qatar.............................. Saudi Arabia.............................. Senegal.. 18.0 18.0...... 14.0 15.0...... -1.0-2.0.... Sierra-Leone 6.0............................ Somalia.............................. Sudan.............................. Suriname.............................. Syria 22.0............................ Tajikistan.. 11.0 11.0...... 9.0 10.0...... -1.0 0.0.... Togo.............................. Tunisia 31.0 29.0 29.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 27.0 28.0 28.0-3.0-3.0-2.0-2.0-2.0 Turkey 14.0........ 15.0........ -3.0........ Turkmenistan.............................. Uganda.. 11.0 11.0 12.0.... 16.0 17.0 20.0.... -2.0-2.0-5.0.. U.A.E.............................. Uzbekistan.............................. Yemen Rep 19.0........ 19.0........ -8.0........ IDB MCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Memo: OIC Countries -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- LDCs.............................. Developing C 16.0............................ High Income C..... 27.0 26.0...... 27.0 28.0...... 0.0-2.0.. World.... 26.0........................ * including grants 41
Table 2.10: Inflation (CPI) All Items (2000=100) Food (2000=100) (%) Growth (%) Growth (%) (%) Country 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 1984-93 1994-03 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 1984-93 1994-03 Afghanistan............................ Albania.. 0.1 3.1 7.8 0.5.. 9.6 3.5-2.1 2.9 6.4 4.3.. 9.7 Algeria 16.6 0.3 4.2 1.4 2.6 14.6 5.9 23.8-2.1 4.4 1.8 4.5 14.1 5.8 Azerbaijan.. 1.8 1.5 2.8........ 2.3 2.7 3.7 3.3.. 10.3 Bahrain 0.9-0.7 0.2 1.2.. 0.0.. 0.1-1.3-1.3-1.0.. -0.1.. Bangladesh 6.1 2.2 2.0 3.3 5.7.. 4.8.. 3.5 2.5 2.6 6.5.. 4.7 Benin.. 4.2 4.0 2.5 1.5.. 4.0-0.7 1.3 2.2 5.5-2.4.. 4.6 Brunei.............. 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.3-0.8 1.1 1.0 Burkina Faso -0.8-0.3 5.0 2.2 2.0 0.3 2.7-1.4-5.8 8.8 3.1-2.5-1.3 3.3 Cameroon 1.1-2.1 4.5 2.8.. 2.8.... 2.3 7.0 4.8-0.7.. 3.9 Chad -0.2 3.8 12.4 5.2-1.9-0.6 5.5-0.2 7.7 19.3 5.4-1.3-4.9 5.0 Comoros............................. Cote d'ivoire -0.8 2.5 4.3 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.7.............. Djibouti............................ Egypt 16.8 2.7 2.3 2.7 4.5 18.2 4.3 15.9 2.5 1.1 4.2 4.2.. 4.5 Gabon 7.7 0.5...... -0.9.. 11.6 0.5 5.0 0.2 2.1.. 2.5 Gambia 12.2 0.2 8.1 4.9.. 15.8.. 14.1 0.2-0.7.... 16.2.. Guinea............................ Guinea-Bissau 33.0 8.6 3.2 3.4-3.5.. 14.4.............. Indonesia 7.8 3.7 12.5 10.8 6.6 7.7 16.1 7.2-4.8 8.5 10.8 0.8 8.6 18.4 Iran 7.6 14.5 11.3 14.3 16.5 19.9 18.9 3.0 12.0 6.6 16.1 17.9 17.8 18.6 Iraq............................ Jordan 16.2 0.7 1.8 1.8 2.3 8.6 2.3 20.5-0.7 0.3 0.2 1.9 8.5 2.1 Kazakhstan.. 13.2 8.4 5.8 6.4.. 18.2.. 16.0 11.5 6.8 7.0.. 16.5 Kuwait 9.8 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.0 3.5 1.7 12.3 0.8 0.0 1.3 2.3 2.9 1.8 Kyrgyz Republic.. 18.7 6.9 2.1 3.5...... 18.4 5.7 0.3-0.1.. 19.5 Lebanon............................ Libya 8.5-2.9-8.8-9.8.. 6.7................ Malaysia 2.6 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.1 2.5 2.7 4.2 1.9 0.7 0.7 1.3 2.9 3.8 Maldives 3.6-1.2 0.7 0.9-2.9.. 1.9 6.6-4.7 2.1 3.6-6.1.. 3.3 Mali 0.6-0.7 5.2 5.0-1.3.. 2.7 1.6-4.5 8.0 7.3-4.1-1.3 2.6 Mauritania 6.6 3.3 4.7 3.9 5.2.. 4.9.. 3.9.......... Morocco 6.9 1.9 0.6 2.8 1.2 5.3 1.9 8.0 1.5-1.0 4.3 1.4 4.9 1.2 Mozambique 47.0 12.7 9.0 16.8 13.4.. 13.6.............. Niger -0.8 2.9 4.0 2.6-1.6-3.5 2.8 0.6 3.1 0.3 4.6-4.8-3.7 4.0 Oman.. -1.1-1.1-0.7-0.4.. -0.3-0.4-1.3-0.8-1.1-0.1.. -0.1 Pakistan 9.1 4.4 3.1 3.3 2.9 8.0 6.1 8.6 3.2 1.8 4.0 2.5 8.5 5.8 Palestine............................ Qatar 3.0 1.7 1.4 0.2 2.3 3.0 2.5.............. Saudi Arabia 2.1-1.1-1.1 0.2 0.6 0.6-0.1 1.7-0.9 0.5-0.5-3.1 1.5-0.1 Senegal 0.3 0.7 3.1 2.2 0.0 0.3 1.9 0.5-1.1 4.9 5.0-0.7-0.4 2.2 Sierra-Leone 110.9-0.8 2.1-3.3 7.6 80.8 15.2.............. Somalia............................ Sudan 65.2 5.7 5.8.... 65.6................ Suriname 21.7 59.4 38.6 15.5 23.0 25.8 40.2 29.9 54.5 33.3.... 30.4.. Syria 19.4-3.8 3.0 1.0.. 23.5.. 19.0-1.9 3.3-1.3 5.7 24.4 0.3 Tajikistan........................... Togo 1.0 1.9 3.9 3.1-1.0 0.4 3.5 1.9-0.9 0.0-0.3-4.5-1.2 2.1 Tunisia 6.5 2.9 2.0 2.7 2.7 7.0 3.1 6.9 4.5 1.7 4.3 3.4 7.0 3.6 Turkey 60.3 54.9 54.4 45.0 25.3 58.0 65.3 64.3 48.6 49.8 50.3 49.4 59.0 69.1 Turkmenistan............................ Uganda 33.1 2.8 2.0-0.3 7.8 88.2 4.0.. 1.0-3.4-4.3...... U.A.E............................ Uzbekistan............................ Yemen Republic.. 4.6 11.9 12.2 10.8.. 11.8.............. IDB MCs -- 4.5 5.5 4.4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Memo: OIC Countries -- 4.7 5.7 4.6 -- -- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- LDMCs.......................... Developing C.......................... High Income C........................... World.......................... 42
Table 2.11: GDP Implicit Deflator Annual Percentage Change (% Growth Rate (%) Country 1990 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1985-94 1995-04 Afghanistan...................... Albania -0.5 13.9 13.6 4.5 4.3 6.9 6.0 3.9 5.6.. 7.9 Algeria 30.3 6.5-4.2 10.4 24.0 2.6 1.0 8.2 6.0 13.6.. Azerbaijan.. 9.2-1.0 2.2 12.5 2.5 3.2 4.0 6.2 1017.6.. Bahrain 4.8 0.9-7.1 2.7 14.3-0.4-7.9........ Bangladesh 6.3 3.1 5.3 4.7 1.9 1.6 3.2 4.5 4.9 5.0 3.7 Benin 1.6 5.0 4.7 1.9 3.3 3.1 1.9 2.6 3.6.. 3.9 Brunei...................... Burkina Faso 1.4 1.8 7.5-1.6 5.3 5.2 3.7 2.2 0.9.... Cameroon 1.6 2.7 1.1-1.2 3.5 3.0 4.3 0.9 2.1.... Chad 8.0 2.8 10.2-7.6 5.7 12.2 3.9-0.5 12.3.... Comoros 7.3 0.7 1.6 5.9 7.2 8.5 4.5 6.2 4.2.. 4.1 Cote d'ivoire -4.5 4.2 5.2 0.9-0.1 4.2 5.2 1.8 2.3.... Djibouti 4.0 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.4 1.8 0.6 2.0.. 4.9 2.1 Egypt 18.4 6.2 3.4 2.2 6.7 3.2 3.8 3.8.. 14.2 4.7 Gabon 15.4 2.0-15.7 4.8 28.5-11.7 9.1-1.2-5.8.... Gambia 12.0 3.8 2.5 4.3 3.7 15.1 16.0 30.8 12.2 11.8 6.6 Guinea 23.9 1.6 2.2 3.4 11.1 5.0 2.7 12.4 16.2 14.8 4.4 Guinea-Bissau 30.2 39.5 3.9 5.2 3.3-5.1 4.8-2.8 3.2 57.7.. Indonesia 7.7 12.6 75.3 14.2 9.6 10.8 7.2 6.5 5.3.. 11.2 Iran 18.6 19.9 7.7 16.2 35.4 19.8 23.4 16.5 17.1 19.3 19.6 Iraq 45.0................ 13.1.. Jordan 11.4 1.2 6.0-0.2-0.1 0.0 1.2 1.9 0.2.... Kazakhstan.. 16.1 5.7 13.3 17.4 10.2 5.8 7.9 7.2 722.8 14.6 Kuwait.. -3.8-18.1 17.9 23.1-6.6 3.4........ Kyrgyz Republic 7.9 19.3 9.1 37.6 27.2 7.3 2.0 3.8 5.0.. 12.2 Lebanon 15.5 7.7 4.6 0.2 0.1 4.4 1.8 1.3 1.0 34.3 1.9 Libya...................... Malaysia 3.8 3.5 8.5 0.0 4.8-2.9 3.8 3.5 4.0.... Maldives.. 1.2-2.8 1.2 1.5 0.8 1.0 2.3...... Mali 4.9 1.0 0.0-3.2 5.6-0.3 15.8 1.8 1.5.... Mauritania 2.6 5.8 9.2 1.0 6.4 5.3 6.0 1.8 2.2 5.3 4.0 Morocco 5.5 2.0 0.4 0.5 1.5 1.8 0.6 0.0 2.4 4.8.. Mozambique 34.1 9.5 4.6 2.9 8.0 10.6 11.5 12.6 12.9 45.4 11.6 Niger -1.6 3.1 3.0 2.0 4.5 4.0 3.0-0.4 1.1.... Oman 16.6-2.4-13.4 11.8 20.0-8.2 1.8........ Pakistan 6.5 13.4 7.5 5.9 2.7 6.1 3.1 4.6 4.1 7.5 6.1 Palestine.. 11.9 8.6 0.7 10.0 6.9 17.2 7.0.... 7.6 Qatar...................... Saudi Arabia 13.1 2.0-14.0 11.2 11.6-3.4 2.9 6.1...... Senegal 1.2 2.5 1.7 1.5 0.8 2.8 2.7 0.9 1.4.. 1.7 Sierra-Leone 70.6 16.7 27.2 25.4 6.5 6.9 3.9 6.3 3.5 69.3 10.8 Somalia 215.5................ 60.2.. Sudan 71.0 49.1 30.8 9.7 8.4 5.9 8.4 8.2-8.4 58.4.. Suriname 43.1 1.4 17.1 72.6 54.7 35.3 30.3.... 20.1 27.7 Syria 19.3 6.0-0.3 4.6 9.7 2.1 1.5 5.1-0.1 12.7.. Tajikistan 6.2 65.2 87.8 26.5 24.0 26.2 21.6 9.9-8.4.... Togo 3.0 2.0 9.6 1.1-1.7 3.1 1.5-3.2 3.4.... Tunisia 4.5 4.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 2.7 2.3 2.2 3.4 5.3 3.3 Turkey 58.2 81.5 75.7 55.6 49.9 54.8 44.1 21.3 15.0 59.2 49.6 Turkmenistan 6.3 61.6 18.1 23.1 7.8 13.6 11.0 5.0 5.0.. 30.2 Uganda 44.4 3.1 8.0 0.3 4.0 6.0-3.9 10.1 5.5 60.9.. U.A.E 5.8 8.2-7.0 13.2 13.8-4.8 0.7........ Uzbekistan 4.0 66.1 39.0 44.1 47.3 45.2 45.2 24.2 20.0.. 52.6 Yemen Republic.. 11.8-10.1 31.9 22.9 1.0 5.2 9.2 6.0 19.6.. IDB MCs 20.1 12.4 8.9 10.0 11.8 6.6 7.2 5.8 4.7 -- -- Memo: OIC Countries 20.6 12.0 8.5 10.1 12.0 6.8 7.1 6.1 5.1 -- -- LDMCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Developing C -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- High Income C. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- World -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 43
Table 2.12: Prices and Exchange Rates arrangements a Ratio of PPP Real Purchasing power parity Exchange Rate Official conversion effective conversion factor Interest rate exchange rate factor to exchange local currency units Deposit Lending Real Classification Structure local currency official rate to international $ units to $ exchange rate 2000=100 (%) (%) (%) (period aver.) Country 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 1990 2003 2003 2003 2003 Afghanistan MF U 3,000.0.............. Albania IF U 121.9 0.4.. 2.0 51.4 8.4 14.3 10.0 Algeria MF U 77.4 0.3 85.3 5.0 26.5 5.3 8.0-0.2 Azerbaijan MF U 4,910.7 0.2.... 1,177.0 9.5 15.5 11.0 Bahrain.... 0.4.. 92.6 0.3........ Bangladesh MF U 58.2 0.2.. 9.5 12.3 7.8 16.0 11.0 Benin EA/Euro U 581.2 0.5.. 159.8 269.7 3.5.... Brunei.... 1.7.............. Burkina Faso EA/Euro U 581.2 0.3.. 135.4 170.9 3.5.... Cameroon EA/Euro U 581.2 0.4 112.3 170.9 213.0 5.0 18.0 16.9 Chad EA/Euro U 581.2 0.3.. 107.7 145.7 5.0 18.0 18.5 Comoros.... 435.9 0.3.. 104.7 136.8 3.5 11.8 5.3 Cote d'ivoire EA/Euro U 581.2 0.6 115.8 167.1 321.1 3.5.... Djibouti.... 177.7 0.4.... 75.5 0.8 11.3 9.2 Egypt MF U 5.9 0.3.. 0.8 1.6 8.2 13.5 9.4 Gabon EA/Euro U 581.2 0.7 107.8 339.4 409.3 5.0 18.0 19.4 Gambia MF U.... 52.1 1.8 3.9...... Guinea P D 1,984.9 0.2.. 223.9 434.8 6.5.... Guinea-Bissau EA/Euro U 581.2 0.2.. 10.9 131.0 3.5.... Indonesia MF U 8,577.1 0.3.. 639.3 2,476.2 10.6 16.9 9.8 Iran MF D 8,193.9 0.3 124.1 179.5 2,419.8...... Iraq MF U................ Jordan P U 0.7 0.4.. 0.3 0.3 3.1 9.3 7.3 Kazakhstan MF U 149.6 0.3.. 0.0 44.8...... Kuwait P U 0.3 1.0.... 0.3 2.4 5.4.. Kyrgyz Rep. MF U 43.6 0.2.. 0.0 9.4 5.0 19.1 14.8 Lebanon P U 1,507.5 0.8.. 305.4 1,255.2 8.7 13.4 12.0 Libya P U 1.3........ 3.0 7.0.. Malaysia P U 3.8 0.4 97.1 1.5 1.7 3.1 6.3 2.7 Maldives.... 12.8........ 7.5 14.0 11.5 Mali EA/Euro U 581.2 0.4.. 140.7 217.1 3.5.... Mauritania MF U 263.0 0.2.. 36.2 57.2 8.0 21.0 18.9 Morocco P U 9.6 0.4 94.3 3.2 3.5 3.8 12.6 12.6 Mozambique MF U 23,782.3 0.2.. 319.4 4,896.8 12.1 24.7 10.7 Niger EA/Euro U 581.2 0.3.. 121.5 161.7 3.5.... Oman P U 0.4.... 0.3.. 2.4 8.2.. Pakistan MF U 57.8 0.3 92.6 6.2 15.5...... Palestine.................... Qatar.... 3.6.............. Saudi Arabia P U 3.7 0.7 89.1 2.9 2.7 1.6.... Senegal EA/Euro U 581.2 0.4.. 185.1 223.3 3.5.... Sierra-Leone IF D 2,347.9 0.3 82.4 29.8 636.5 8.4 20.0 12.8 Somalia IF D................ Sudan MF U 261.0 0.3.. 0.7 72.5...... Suriname.... 2.6........ 8.3 21.0.. Syria P M 11.2 1.5.. 10.2 17.3...... Tajikistan MF U 3.1 0.2.. 0.0 0.7 9.7 16.6 6.1 Togo EA/Euro U 581.2 0.2 110.3 93.9 124.0 3.5.... Tunisia P U 1.3 0.4 93.3 0.4 0.5...... Turkey IF U 1,500,885.3 0.5.. 1,629.0 751,242.0 37.7.... Turkmenistan P D...... 0.0 2,048.9...... Uganda IF U 1,963.7 0.2 80.3 110.7 322.0 9.8 18.9 8.0 U.A.E. P U 3.7.... 3.4........ Uzbekistan MF U........ 216.5...... Yemen Rep. IF U 183.4 0.6.. 20.3 116.6 13.0 18.0 8.1 a. Exchange rate classifications: independent floating (IF), managed floating (MF), pegged (P), currency board (CB), and several exchange arrangements (EA): EU that the currency is pegged to the euro, and other that the currency of anot country is used as legal tender Exchange rate structures include dual exchange rates (D), multiple exchange rates (M), and Unitary rate (U). 44
Table 2.13: Money Supply Narrow Money (M1) Broad Money (M2) (%) Annual (%) Annual Average Average Country 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 1994-2003 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 1994-2003 Afghanistan........................ Albania.. 20.4 15.3 6.7-5.2 17.6.. 12.0 19.9 5.9 7.6 23.6 Algeria 8.2 17.3 18.5 15.2 14.6 13.8 11.4 13.2 24.8 36.8 16.0 17.8 Azerbaijan.. 12.9 7.9 16.2 27.0 72.5.. 73.4-10.5 14.6 30.8 131.4 Bahrain 22.2 4.6 23.8 17.3 26.9 9.0-11.6 10.2 9.2 10.3 6.4 8.1 Bangladesh 9.6 18.4 10.7 5.1 7.6 11.5 10.4 19.3 14.7 13.3 13.1 13.9 Benin 23.9 35.0 10.0-8.6-19.1 13.3 28.6 26.0 12.2-7.0-11.3 11.5 Brunei........................ Burkina Faso -1.7 5.3-3.0-7.1 17.8 9.7-0.5 6.2 1.6 0.6 19.0 10.6 Cameroon -7.5 17.4 12.8 14.3-5.2 12.1-1.7 19.1 15.1 15.9 1.3 10.1 Chad -0.2 17.8 21.9 27.3-3.1 15.6-2.4 18.5 22.0 26.6-3.1 15.8 Comoros 6.0 21.0 62.5 10.4-2.1 9.7 3.9 14.5 46.7 9.2-1.2 8.0 Cote d'ivoire 3.0-3.7 14.8 32.1-7.1 14.1-2.6-1.9 12.0 30.0-6.1 11.5 Djibouti 8.7-7.8 2.6 24.0 20.7 2.2 3.6 1.1 7.5 15.7 17.8 3.1 Egypt 16.6 5.3 7.9 13.0 23.4 10.6 28.7 11.6 13.2 12.6 21.3 11.8 Gabon 5.7 19.3 3.7 4.4-0.5 10.5 3.3 18.3 7.5 5.7-1.2 10.1 Gambia 13.8 37.4 14.4 56.1.. 17.9 8.4 34.8 19.4 35.3.. 16.8 Guinea.... 12.0 21.7 31.1 0.0-17.4 514.1 12.9 19.7 33.2 53.9 Guinea-Bissau 729.2 63.7 7.8 22.4 15.4 51.2 574.6 60.8 7.3 22.8 14.4 37.5 Indonesia 15.9 37.7 8.8 7.4 17.3 20.7 44.6 16.6 12.8 4.5 8.1 21.7 Iran 18.1 24.7 23.0 23.6 18.9 26.2 18.0 22.4 27.6 24.9 24.5 26.1 Iraq........................ Jordan 9.4 14.2 3.8 8.5 24.5 5.5 8.3 7.6 8.1 8.6 16.6 7.9 Kazakhstan.. 14.7 14.3 41.5 25.4 86.1.. 45.0 40.2 30.1 29.6 94.4 Kuwait -100.0 7.0 11.8 25.9 26.4 9.4-100.0 6.3 12.8 4.8 7.8 5.1 Kyrgyz Republic.. 9.6 20.7 38.1 38.3 20.6.. 11.7 11.3 33.9 33.4 23.6 Lebanon 56.7 5.7-1.0 8.5 10.9 9.7 55.1 9.8 7.5 8.1 13.0 15.4 Libya 26.4 4.5 1.2 6.0 6.3 4.9 19.0 3.1 4.3 1.1 7.9 4.9 Malaysia 15.6 6.7 4.0 9.6 14.9 9.3 10.6 9.9 2.5 3.1 9.3 11.6 Maldives 18.9 11.1-5.9 13.9 11.6 12.0 18.7 4.1 9.0 19.3 14.6 16.2 Mali -10.8 9.5 29.6 28.9 21.7 18.3-4.9 12.2 19.6 27.9 22.8 16.8 Mauritania 3.5 22.8 14.8 4.3 11.4 4.9 11.5 16.1 17.3 8.9 10.5 5.6 Morocco 37.3 7.9 15.3 9.0 9.9 10.0 21.5 8.4 14.1 6.5 8.7 9.4 Mozambique 35.8 22.3 17.6 14.5 23.8 24.8 37.2 38.3 28.2 21.1 18.3 29.7 Niger -11.7 11.8 35.3-8.2-23.0 0.9-4.1 12.4 31.4-0.5-13.3 1.0 Oman 13.1 7.5 27.7 10.0 4.7 6.3 10.0 6.0 9.2 5.2 2.5 8.1 Pakistan 17.3 10.1 10.2 15.9 24.1 14.2 11.6 12.1 11.8 16.8 17.5 14.2 Palestine........................ Qatar 19.2 6.5 17.3 20.5 79.3 12.3-4.6 10.7 0.0 11.8 15.8 8.3 Saudi Arabia 11.6 5.7 8.4 12.7 10.2 6.4 4.6 4.5 5.1 15.2 8.5 6.3 Senegal -11.5 5.5 14.9 5.8 18.4 13.8-4.8 10.7 13.6 8.2 14.6 13.0 Sierra-Leone 64.3 4.4 35.4 30.6 18.4 24.9 74.0 12.1 33.7 29.6 21.9 25.1 Somalia........................ Sudan 46.4 42.2 15.7 29.8 30.2 41.5 48.8 36.9 24.7 30.2 30.3 40.3 Suriname 4.0 104.3 38.2 38.4 4.2 71.3 4.3 80.5 28.2 116.7 19.9 76.5 Syria 24.9 17.7 13.9 17.8 27.0 12.8 26.1 19.0 23.5 18.5 7.8 13.3 Tajikistan.. 47.0 25.4 34.4 28.3 30.5.. 63.3 35.0 40.5 40.9 40.8 Togo 19.2 22.2-8.7-8.1-3.6 15.5 9.5 15.2-2.7-2.2 5.9 9.0 Tunisia 6.1 9.9 10.1-1.7 5.4 9.4 7.7 14.1 10.7 4.4 6.4 10.4 Turkey 58.4 57.3 46.3 36.7 43.1 68.8 53.2 40.5 86.2 29.1 14.2 82.4 Turkmenistan.. 58.6 15.5.... 240.7.. 83.3 23.8.... 266.8 Uganda 50.0 16.9 12.8 21.0 12.3 17.1 60.2 18.1 9.2 25.0 17.9 19.5 United Arab Emirates -2.7 12.6 15.8 19.2 23.8 12.5-8.2 15.3 23.2 11.0 15.5 11.5 Uzbekistan........................ Yemen Republic.. 19.3 14.5 8.2 13.4 13.3.. 25.3 18.8 17.5 19.7 20.9 45
Table 2.14: Financial depth and Efficiency Domestic credit Liquid Quasi-liquid Ratio of bank Interest rate Risk premium provided by liabilities liabilities liquid reserves spread* on lending** banking sector % of GDP % of GDP % of GDP % to bank assets Percentage 1990 2003 1990 2003 1990 2003 1990 2003 1990 2003 1990 2003 Afghanistan........................ Albania.. 44.0.. 60.0.. 41.0.. 10.0.. 6.0.. 5.0 Algeria 74.0 35.0 73.0 64.0 25.0 32.0 1.0 28.0.. 3.0.. 7.0 Azerbaijan.. 9.0.. 15.0.. 8.0.. 11.0.. 6.0.. 7.0 Bahrain -1.0.. 59.0.. 42.0.. 12.0 9.0 1.0.. 9.0.. Bangladesh 24.0 38.0 23.0 40.0 17.0 31.0 13.0 9.0 4.0 8.0.... Benin 22.0 10.0 27.0 22.0 6.0 7.0 29.0 17.0 9.0...... Brunei........................ Burkina Faso 12.0 14.0 19.0 19.0 7.0 8.0 13.0 12.0 9.0...... Cameroon 31.0 16.0 23.0 19.0 10.0 8.0 3.0 23.0 11.0 13.0.... Chad 11.0 11.0 15.0 12.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 15.0 11.0 13.0.... Comoros 20.0 11.0 22.0 24.0 7.0 6.0 16.0 99.0.. 8.0.... Cote d'ivoire 44.0 19.0 29.0 28.0 11.0 8.0 2.0 11.0 9.0...... Djibouti 46.0 28.0 79.0 69.0 42.0 31.0 1.0 5.0.. 10.0.... Egypt 107.0 117.0 88.0 107.0 61.0 84.0 17.0 25.0 7.0 5.0.. 7.0 Gabon 20.0 18.0 18.0 17.0 7.0 7.0 2.0 15.0 11.0 13.0.... Gambia 3.0.. 21.0.. 9.0.. 9.0.. 15.0...... Guinea.. 15.0 1.0 15.0 1.0 3.0 6.0 17.0 0.0...... Guinea-Bissau 77.0 13.0 69.0 71.0 4.0 0.0 11.0 22.0 13.0...... Indonesia 45.0 56.0 40.0 53.0 29.0 41.0 4.0 12.0 3.0 6.0.... Iran 71.0 47.0 58.0 42.0 31.0 26.0 66.0 22.0........ Iraq........................ Jordan 118.0 90.0 131.0 132.0 78.0 92.0 21.0 35.0 2.0 6.0.... Kazakhstan.. 14.0.. 21.0.. 10.0.. 5.0........ Kuwait.. 106.0.. 84.0.. 63.0.. 1.0 0.0 3.0 0.0.. Kyrgyz Republic.. 11.0.. 18.0.. 5.0.. 8.0.. 14.0.. 12.0 Lebanon 133.0 188.0 194.0 226.0 171.0 216.0 4.0 48.0 23.0 5.0 21.0.. Libya 104.0.. 68.0.. 14.0.. 26.0 31.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 Malaysia 76.0 152.0.. 131.0-21.0 104.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 Maldives 33.0 36.0 26.0 50.0 11.0 27.0 38.0 48.0.. 7.0.... Mali 14.0 16.0 20.0 30.0 6.0 7.0 51.0 22.0 9.0...... Mauritania 55.0-7.0 28.0 16.0 7.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 13.0.... Morocco 60.0 84.0 61.0 92.0 18.0 21.0 11.0 11.0 1.0 9.0.... Mozambique 16.0 11.0 26.0 32.0 5.0 18.0 62.0 17.0.. 13.0.. 9.0 Niger 16.0 9.0.. 7.0-12.0 3.0 43.0 24.0 9.0...... Oman 17.0.. 29.0.. 19.0.. 7.0 3.0 1.0 6.0.... Pakistan 51.0 36.0 40.0 49.0 10.0 20.0 9.0 9.0........ Palestine........................ Qatar 33.0.. 51.0.. 36.0.. 3.0 3.0 4.0...... Saudi Arabia 53.0 70.0 43.0 51.0 20.0 24.0 6.0 5.0........ Senegal 34.0 23.0 23.0 30.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 17.0 9.0...... Sierra-Leone 36.0 47.0 18.0 25.0 4.0 9.0 64.0 7.0 12.0 12.0 5.0 4.0 Somalia........................ Sudan 20.0 12.0 20.0 16.0 3.0 6.0 80.0 20.0........ S i 00 00 00 00 00 00 79 0 19 0 13 0 points Percentage points 46
PART III EXTERNAL SECTOR ECONOMIC INDICATORS
3. EXTERNAL SECTOR ECONOMIC INDICATORS 3.1 Balance of Payments and International Reserves The current account for member countries as a group has recorded surplus of US$56.7 billion in 2003 as compared to US$46.7 billion in 2000 reversing the deficit of US$3.7 billion recorded in 1990. At country level, 18 member countries recorded current account deficits while 16 countries have achieved current account surpluses in 2003. The net income for the member countries as a group has continued to record negative values, widening from a negative US$2.8 billion in 1990 to a negative $26 billion in 2003. Conversely, the net current transfer steadily increased from US$7.4 billion in 1990 to US$7.9 billion in 2003. The gross international reserves (including gold) for member countries as a group have reached US$297 billion in 2003 from a low value of US$62 billion in 1990. In 2003, 21 countries had more than US$1 billion each in reserves while at individual country level the reserves range from US$67 million in Sierra-Leone to US$45 billion in Malaysia. The reserves in months of imports for member countries as a group have shown an upward trend at 4 months in 1990 compared to 9 months in 2003. Only 29 countries, out of the number of countries with available data, have reserves that could cover more than 4 months of imports in 2003. Individual country has reserves in months of imports that range from 2 months in Gabon to 36 months in Libya in 2003. 3.2 External Trade The average annual merchandise exports and imports growth rates for member countries respectively vary markedly during two decades (1984-1993 and 1994-2003). In monetary terms, exports generally surpassed imports on a year-on-year comparison, making the IDB member countries a group of net exporters. Exports of IDB member countries as a group nearly doubled from US$254 billion in 1990 to US$605 billion in 2003. Likewise, the average annual exports growth rate of 5.6 per cent recorded by the member countries as a group during 1984-1993 has increased to 7.1 per cent during 1994-2003. Equally, the total imports of the IDB member countries as a group have also more than doubled to US$462 billion in 2003 from US$224 billion in 1990. On the contrary, the average annual imports growth rate for IDB member countries as a group has decreasedl from 6.2 per cent during 1984-1993 to 3.6 per cent during 1994-2003. The terms of trade for the member countries as a group have fluctuated over the years. When the terms of trade increase, that means exports of member countries as a group are more valuable or its imports are cheaper. At country level, 11 member countries have recorded an improvement in their terms of trade from 2001 to 2002. Intra-IDB member countries trade, which is a good proxy for measuring the extent of cooperation and integration, has recorded an upward trend during the period 2001-2003. Intra-IDB exports reached US$55 billion in 2001 and continued its upward trend to US$72 billion in 2003. Similarly, intra-idb imports have also increased to US$76 billion in 2003 from US$55 billion in 2001. In relative terms, the shares of intra-idb exports and intra-idb imports of IDB member countries as a group in their respective total exports and imports are 12.2 per cent and 14.4 per cent in 2003. With regard to direction of trade, the share of exports of IDB member countries as a group in their total exports to industrial countries has dropped from 62 per cent in 1990 to 50 per cent in 2003 whilst the share to oil-exporting countries has hovered around 5 per cent since 1990. 49
On the other hand, the share of exports of IDB member countries as a group in their total exports to non-oil developing countries has increased from 28 per cent in 1990 to 36 per cent in 2003. In terms of direction of imports, the share of imports of member countries as a group in their total imports from industrial countries has dropped from 64 per cent in 1990 to 52 per cent in 2003 while their share of imports from oil-exporting countries has increased from 7.6 per cent in 1990 to 9.3 per cent in 2003. The share of imports of I member countries as a group in their total imports from non-oil developing countries has increased from 24 per cent in 1990 to 44 per cent in 2003. 3.3 External Debt Using the degree of indebtedness measure of the World Bank, 18 member countries are classified as severely indebted, 11 countries are moderately indebted, and 12 countries are less indebted. All the 18 severely indebted member countries are qualified for the HIPC program of the IMF/World Bank. Total external debt for member countries as a group has increased sharply to US$ 657 billion in 2003. Individual country external debts range from US$0.6 billion in Gambia to US$146 billion in Turkey in 2003. Similarly, the debt-to-gni ratio for member countries as a group has increased 43 per cent in 2003. On the other hand, the debt-to-exports ratio for member countries as a group has decreased from 134 per cent in 1990 to 115 per cent in 2003. The debt-service-to-gni ratio for member countries as a group has decreased to 3.9 per cent in 2003. However, at country level, the debt-service-to-export ratio ranges from 0.9 per cent (Sudan) to 66 per cent (Lebanon) in 2003. 3.4 Financial Flows The net resource flows to member countries have increased from $28 billion in 1990 to US$33 billion in 2003. Resource flows to 12 member countries (Afghanistan, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, and Morocco) exceeded 1 billion each in 2003. Total net financing of IDB Group, since its inception up to the end of 1425H, amounted to US$38.3 billion. Of this figure, US$267 million went to non-idb member countries. The composition of the total net financing of IDB Group is as follows: Trade financing operations account for 61 per cent, ordinary financing operations represent 38 per cent (mainly through loans, leasing, and installment sale) while special assistance operations account for the remainder. The share of concessional flows (official development assistance and official aid) in total net resource flows to member countries have declined from an average of 87 per cent in 1990 to 68 percent in 2001, 76 per cent in 2002, and 68 per cent in 2003. In particular, in 2003, only 7 Imember countries received concessional flows above US$1 billion namely (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan, Mozambique, and Pakistan). In terms of net FDI, nine member countries received more than 1 billion of FDI each in 2003. The countries are: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Morocco, Sudan, Syria, and Turkey. 50
Table 3.1: Merchandise Exports Merchandise Exports (f.o.b) Growth Rate (%) (US $ millions) Country 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1984-1993 1994-2003 Afghanistan 235 156 167 185 95 90 135-18.9-5.5 Albania 230 202 264 261 305 330 453.. 11.6 Algeria 12,930 10,240 12,525 22,031 19,133 18,832 24,639 0.6 11.0 Azerbaijan.. 635 929 1,745 2,314 2,168 2,592.. 20.2 Bahrain 3,761 4,112 4,363 6,195 5,577 5,786 6,364 4.0 6.0 Bangladesh 1,671 3,733 5,458 6,399 6,085 6,078 6,942 12.1 9.0 Benin 288 420 416 392 374 448 541 9.0 0.8 Brunei 2,213 2,402 2,754 4,213 3,921 3,817 4,350-1.5 8.5 Burkina Faso 152 160 255 209 234 237 315-0.7 7.5 Cameroon 2,002 1,651 1,601 1,833 1,749 1,802 2,375 13.5 2.9 Chad 188 243 202 183 189 185 260 7.9 0.6 Comoros 18 11 5 7 12 13 15 9.2 5.0 Cote d'ivoire 3,072 3,806 4,661 3,888 3,946 5,275 5,844-1.5 5.0 Djibouti 25 38 69 75 76 83 85 9.6 9.0 Egypt 3,477 3,450 3,559 4,689 4,128 4,708 6,161-0.6 5.5 Gabon 2,204 2,713 2,394 2,462 2,649 2,160 2,540 3.9-1.3 Gambia 31 16 12 15 10 13 13 2.2-8.5 Guinea 671 583 636 666 731 886 824 1.9 4.9 Guinea-Bissau 19 24 51 62 63 54 69 2.0 11.4 Indonesia 25,675 45,417 48,665 62,124 56,447 57,159 60,955 8.3 4.0 Iran 19,305 18,360 21,030 28,345 23,904 28,186 36,230 5.8 6.7 Iraq 12,380 496 12,800 20,603 15,905 13,344 12,680-32.1 55.4 Jordan 1,064 1,769 1,832 1,899 2,293 2,770 3,082 6.4 7.1 Kazakhstan.. 5,250 5,872 8,812 8,639 9,709 12,900.. 12.7 Kuwait 7,042 12,785 12,164 19,436 16,203 15,369 19,371-8.2 4.8 Kyrgyz Rep... 409 454 505 476 486 582.. 3.1 Lebanon 494 816 677 715 870 1,046 1,524-1.1 7.5 Libya 13,225 8,975 7,947 12,697 11,246 11,681 14,950-0.4 5.0 Malaysia 29,452 73,914 84,455 98,229 88,005 93,265 99,369 14.6 4.8 Maldives 52 50 64 76 76 90 113 9.8 8.5 Mali 359 441 566 551 725 885 930 14.9 10.6 Mauritania 469 499 373 358 348 385 420 3.5-2.2 Morocco 4,265 6,881 7,367 7,432 7,144 7,851 8,729 8.9 3.3 Mozambique 126 168 263 364 703 682 880 7.2 22.0 Niger 282 286 287 283 272 279 339 1.3 1.6 Oman 5,508 6,068 7,231 10,852 11,037 11,172 11,669 3.9 9.1 Pakistan 5,615 8,029 8,491 9,028 9,238 9,913 11,930 12.8 3.6 Palestine.................. Qatar 3,890 3,651 7,214 11,594 10,870 11,032 12,613 1.7 17.8 Saudi Arabia 44,417 50,040 50,761 77,583 73,403 71,947 88,500 7.4 6.9 Senegal 761 993 1,027 920 1,003 1,067 1,331 2.2 3.3 Sierra-Leone 138 42 6 13 29 49 92 0.2-2.6 Somalia 150 145 119 140 147 169 202 7.3 2.5 Sudan 374 555 780 1,807 1,699 1,949 2,360-3.5 20.9 Suriname 472 477 342 399 437 369 435 1.4-2.4 Syria 4,212 3,563 3,464 4,634 5,248 6,230 5,480 11.7 7.0 Tajikistan.. 750 690 785 650 738 798.. 2.3 Togo 268 378 391 363 357 427 440 0.5 1.2 Tunisia 3,526 5,475 5,872 5,850 6,609 6,874 8,027 11.6 4.7 Turkey 12,959 21,637 26,588 27,775 31,334 36,059 46,576 9.5 8.7 Turkmenistan.. 1,880 1,187 2,506 2,700 2,850 3,620.. 8.5 Uganda 152 460 519 460 456 443 562-11.6 0.5 U.A.E. 23,544 27,753 36,474 49,835 48,773 52,163 65,835 7.2 10.5 Uzbekistan.. 3,430 3,235 3,230 3,110 2,650 3,260.. -1.1 Yemen Rep 692 1,945 2,440 4,079 3,215 3,456 3,802 4.0 12.6 IDB MCs 254,055 348,382 401,968 529,792 495,162 515,709 605,103 5.6 7.0 Memo: OIC Countries 267,908 361,179 416,347 551,265 512,901 531,309 625,873 5.4 7.0 LDCs 18,384 23,979 28,659 35,711 35,837 38,737 43,657 3.8 8.4 Developing C 667,368 1,048,345 1,261,782 1,566,362 1,541,020 1,661,282 1,996,437 6.6 8.2 High Income C. 2,837,237 4,166,831 4,505,338 4,944,379 4,717,381 4,883,786 5,579,666 10.1 3.8 World 3,505,243 5,212,816 5,765,813 6,511,071 6,259,169 6,546,502 7,578,698 9.4 4.8 51
Table 3.2: Merchandise Imports Merchandise Imports (c.i.f) (US $ millions) Growth Rate (%) Country 1990 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1984-1993 1994-2003 Afghanistan 936 368 411 550 550 950 1,190-12.8 11.7 Albania 380 800 1,140 1,091 1,331 1,504 1,864.. 11.0 Algeria 9,780 10,250 9,162 9,152 9,899 12,007 13,008-1.2 2.9 Azerbaijan.. 805 1,036 1,172 1,431 1,666 2,626.... Bahrain 3,712 3,716 3,698 4,633 4,306 4,985 5,116 4.3 3.3 Bangladesh 3,618 6,502 7,694 8,360 8,350 7,914 9,476 5.2 6.1 Benin 265 746 749 613 553 679 758 4.1 2.0 Brunei 1,001 2,091 1,475 1,230 1,267 1,605 1,708 13.1-4.6 Burkina Faso 536 455 678 611 656 739 855 6.6 7.3 Cameroon 1,400 1,199 1,318 1,489 1,852 1,866 2,200-1.5 7.3 Chad 285 365 316 317 679 997 852 3.2 16.0 Comoros 52 63 80 72 85 94 125 5.9 8.8 Cote d'ivoire 2,097 2,931 3,252 2,785 2,633 3,783 4,500 3.0 5.6 Djibouti 215 207 252 270 254 270 305 1.7 3.8 Egypt 12,412 11,760 16,022 14,010 12,756 12,552 10,893-4.4 0.7 Gabon 918 882 841 994 859 881 1,076 0.3 1.2 Gambia 188 182 192 187 134 148 185 12.3-4.4 Guinea 723 819 556 612 601 715 820 7.4 0.01 Guinea-Bissau 86 133 69 59 74 104 140 4.5-3.1 Indonesia 21,837 40,630 24,004 33,515 31,010 31,289 32,551 12.5-2.4 Iran 20,322 13,882 12,683 14,347 17,627 22,275 25,530 10.3 5.7 Iraq 7,660 665 6,900 13,384 13,200 9,611 7,910-29.1 42.8 Jordan 2,600 3,697 3,717 4,597 4,844 5,020 5,653 1.9 4.8 Kazakhstan.. 3,807 3,655 5,040 6,446 6,584 8,327.... Kuwait 3,972 7,790 7,617 7,157 7,869 9,001 10,794-0.2 2.7 Kyrgyz Rep... 522 600 554 467 587 717.. 2.6 Lebanon 2,529 7,278 6,207 6,230 7,293 6,447 7,171 7.8-0.003 Libya 5,336 5,392 3,861 3,732 4,397 4,617 5,125 1.1-3.0 Malaysia 29,258 77,691 64,966 81,963 73,866 79,869 81,948 18.3 1.8 Maldives 138 268 402 389 393 392 471 19.0 7.0 Mali 602 772 824 806 990 869 1,251 10.1 5.7 Mauritania 388 494 305 312 374 445 500 9.8-0.04 Morocco 6,922 10,023 9,925 11,534 11,038 11,879 14,150 8.8 4.5 Mozambique 878 704 1,139 1,158 1,063 1,350 1,365 8.6 6.6 Niger 388 373 394 393 370 400 551 2.8 2.5 Oman 2,681 4,247 4,674 5,040 5,798 6,005 6,572 4.6 5.0 Pakistan 7,411 11,515 10,297 10,864 10,191 11,233 13,038 6.7 1.4 Palestine.................. Qatar 1,695 3,398 2,500 3,252 3,758 4,800 5,933 7.4 8.5 Saudi Arabia 24,069 28,091 28,011 30,238 31,223 32,312 36,250 2.1 3.5 Senegal 1,219 1,412 1,564 1,519 1,730 1,953 2,364 2.5 6.9 Sierra-Leone 149 133 81 149 182 264 303 0.4 7.3 Somalia 95 193 180 220 207 224 180-2.9-0.02 Sudan 618 1,218 1,415 1,553 2,342 2,493 2,670-1.5 8.7 Suriname 472 585 486 526 635 688 700 7.4 3.7 Syria 2,400 4,709 3,832 3,815 4,050 4,278 4,960-0.6-1.9 Tajikistan.. 810 663 675 688 721 881.. 2.0 Togo 581 594 597 562 553 591 568 0.7 4.4 Tunisia 5,513 7,902 8,474 8,567 9,529 9,526 10,910 10.8 4.4 Turkey 22,302 35,709 40,671 54,503 41,399 51,554 69,340 11.9 7.8 Turkmenistan.. 1,365 1,478 1,786 2,250 2,120 2,515.. 7.6 Uganda 288 1,056 1,342 1,536 1,594 1,111 1,252 0.2 3.4 U.A.E. 11,199 20,984 24,972 26,717 30,075 32,536 36,000 13.9 5.6 Uzbekistan.. 2,750 3,110 2,850 3,020 2,450 2,570.. -2.6 Yemen Rep 1,571 1,582 2,008 2,324 2,310 2,605 3,390-0.03 5.5 IDB MCs 223,697 346,515 332,495 390,014 381,051 411,558 462,107 6.2 3.6 Memo: OIC Countries 229,635 355,264 341,633 399,308 393,221 419,668 473,572 6.0 3.6 LDCs 26,160 34,320 40,901 42,398 45,725 46,144 55,523 3.1 5.9 Developing C 619,291 1,103,953 1,227,053 1,452,597 1,476,389 1,571,187 1,885,737 7.7 6.5 High Income C. 2,954,445 4,165,016 4,668,235 5,255,577 4,973,612 5,116,922 5,870,228 9.7 4.5 World 3,584,865 5,268,278 5,894,410 6,707,890 6,450,737 6,689,383 7,758,249 9.3 5.0 52
Table 3.3: Terms of Trade Terms of Trade (2000=100) Country 1990 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Afghanistan.............. Albania.............. Algeria 74 71 51 60 100 101 90 Azerbaijan.............. Bahrain.............. Bangladesh 111 113 114 108 100.... Benin 107 99 99 100 100 100 102 Brunei.............. Burkina Faso 119 121 125 113 100 117 110 Cameroon 81 87 84 71 100 105 100 Chad 112 92 101 95 100 159 165 Comoros 86 88 90 97 100 132 140 Cote d'ivoire 143 117 117 119 100 99 118 Djibouti.............. Egypt 101 108 98 97 100 99 98 Gabon 157 147 103 104 100 141 142 Gambia 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Guinea 122 87 80 77 100 100 100 Guinea-Bissau 146 98 88 98 100 110 105 Indonesia 95 99 82 66 100 94 100 Iran.............. Iraq.............. Jordan 94 113 107 107 100 99 97 Kazakhstan.............. Kuwait.............. Kyrgyz Republic.............. Lebanon.............. Libya.............. Malaysia 103 112 107 104 100 98 98 Maldives.............. Mali 135 107 112 101 100 98 100 Mauritania 97 103 103 103 100 98 88 Morocco 85 95 106 103 100 103 107 Mozambique 175 115 116 118 100 101.. Niger 165 100 99 94 100.... Oman.............. Pakistan 109 119 136 118 100 100 95 Palestine.............. Qatar.............. Saudi Arabia.............. Senegal 172 126 131 115 100 97 96 Sierra-Leone 24 38 90 78 100 131 164 Somalia.............. Sudan 100 100 100 100 100 100 119 Suriname.............. Syria.............. Tajikistan.............. Togo 133 99 114 114 100 106 104 Tunisia 109 97 96 97 100 102 104 Turkey 109 111 111 110 100 98 98 Turkmenistan.............. Uganda 146 156 139 120 100 90 87 United Arab Emirates.............. Uzbekistan.............. Yemen Republic.............. IDB MCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Memo: OIC countries -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 53
Table 3.4: Structure of Merchandise Exports Percentage of merchandise exports Food Agricultural raw Fuel Ores and metals Manufactures Country 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 Afghanistan.... 24.6.... 41.4................ 10.7 Albania.. 6.6 5.6.. 5.9 5.1.. 1.9 0.9.. 3.7 4.1.. 81.7 84.2 Algeria 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 96.5 97.2 97.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 2.6 2.3 2.1 Azerbaijan.. 3.2 4.8.. 2.4 1.5.. 85.1 86.0.. 1.7 1.0.. 7.7 6.5 Bahrain 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 78.9 73.3 72.7 11.1 16.2 17.2 9.3 9.9 9.3 Bangladesh 14.3.. 7.7 6.8.. 2.1 1.3.. 0.6.... 0.0 77.5.. 89.5 Benin.. 20.7.... 71.9.......... 0.1.... 7.3.. Brunei 0.0.. 0.0 0.0.. 0.0 99.5.. 94.4 0.0.. 0.0 0.5.. 5.6 Burkina Faso.. 19.1.... 59.2.... 3.2.... 0.0.... 18.4.. Cameroon 20.4 14.9 19.9 14.3 21.0 19.5 49.9 54.2 49.4 6.9 5.6 4.2 8.5 4.3 6.9 Chad.............................. Comoros.. 88.7.... 0.0.......... 0.0.... 8.2.. Cote d'ivoire.. 50.2 55.8.. 14.0 9.2.. 20.5 12.8.. 0.2 0.2.. 14.5 20.0 Djibouti 39.1.... 4.7.... 0.0.... 0.2.... 7.8.... Egypt 9.7 7.9 8.6 9.5 5.0 7.0 29.4 41.9 43.8 8.9 3.9 3.2 42.5 38.4 31.0 Gabon.. 0.8.... 11.8.... 83.3.... 1.7.... 2.3.. Gambia.. 80.9 99.8.. 1.2 0.1.. 0.1.... 0.2 0.0.. 17.0.. Guinea.. 3.1.... 3.0.... 0.0.... 63.4.... 30.2.. Guinea-Bissau.............................. Indonesia 11.2 8.9 11.4 5.0 3.6 5.0 44.0 25.4 25.8 4.4 4.9 5.7 35.5 57.1 52.1 Iran.. 2.5 3.5.. 0.4 0.4.. 90.2 87.7.. 0.7 0.9.. 6.2 7.5 Iraq.............................. Jordan 10.6 15.9 14.5 0.4 0.5 0.2.. 0.0 0.3 38.2 14.6 16.1 50.7 69.0 68.8 Kazakhstan.. 7.0 6.0.. 1.4 1.3.. 53.0 61.8.. 18.5 12.8.. 20.0 18.0 Kuwait 0.7 0.2.. 0.1 0.0.. 92.6 94.5.. 0.2 0.2.. 6.4 5.0.. Kyrgyz Republic.... 15.9.... 17.4.... 20.9.... 5.6.... 39.0 Lebanon.. 19.7 19.5.. 1.9 1.8.. 0.2 0.3.. 7.4 9.7.. 70.7 68.1 Libya 0.4.... 0.2.... 94.4.... 0.3.... 4.7.... Malaysia 11.7 5.5 8.6 13.8 2.6 2.4 18.3 9.6 10.1 2.1 1.0 0.9 53.8 80.4 76.9 Maldives.. 53.7 67.7.. 0.0 0.0........ 0.1 0.3.. 46.2 32.0 Mali 36.1 4.1.. 62.3 90.8.... 0.0.. 0.0 0.3 0.7 1.6 4.7.. Mauritania.... 8.0.... 1.8.... 1.1.... 68.2.... 20.8 Morocco 26.1 21.5 21.5 2.9 2.0 1.8 3.6 3.7 1.1 15.1 8.8 7.1 52.3 64.1 68.6 Mozambique.............................. Niger.. 46.3 30.4.. 0.6 3.6.. 0.0 1.6.. 48.4 54.9.. 2.8 7.9 Oman 1.5 3.6 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.9 82.5 79.6 1.0 0.9 0.7 5.2 12.4 13.8 Pakistan 9.3 10.5 10.4 10.2 3.0 1.6 1.3 1.4 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 78.7 84.7 85.1 Palestine.............................. Qatar 0.0 0.0.. 0.0 0.0.. 84.1 91.2.. 0.2 0.1.. 15.7 8.6.. Saudi Arabia 0.7 0.6.. 0.0 0.1.. 91.7 92.1.. 0.5 0.1.. 7.1 7.1.. Senegal 53.2 59.2 37.1 2.7 2.0 3.5 12.3 2.9 20.1 9.3 5.4 3.4 22.5 30.4 34.3 Sierra-Leone.............................. Somalia.. 82.9.... 14.7.... 0.0.... 0.1.... 1.5.. Sudan.. 17.3.... 4.9.... 69.3.... 0.5.... 7.9.. Suriname 16.0 15.0.. 0.0 0.8.. 1.5 5.9.. 8.2 0.1.. 74.1 77.5.. Syria 13.7 8.8 14.0 4.5 4.6 3.0 45.2 76.3 71.3 1.0 0.7 0.9 35.7 7.8 10.7 Tajikistan.. 4.4.... 12.6.... 13.8.... 55.9.... 13.3.. Togo 23.0 19.6 15.5 21.5 23.4 16.9 0.0 0.6 0.3 44.7 25.5 9.2 9.1 30.8 58.0 Tunisia 11.0 8.7 7.6 1.0 0.7 0.9 17.3 12.1 8.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 69.1 77.0 81.5 Turkey 22.4 12.8 10.0 3.0 1.1 0.8 2.3 1.1 2.1 4.3 2.6 2.0 67.9 81.2 83.7 Turkmenistan.. 0.3.... 9.9.... 81.0.... 0.4.... 6.9.. Uganda.. 67.3 66.8.. 14.1 23.4.. 8.0 0.1.. 4.6 0.3.. 6.0 9.4 U.A.E. 8.1 0.6.. 1.3 0.0.. 5.1 93.8.. 39.3 3.2.. 46.1 2.3.. Uzbekistan.............................. Yemen Republic.. 2.2.... 0.4.... 96.9.... 0.1.... 0.3.. IDB MCs -- 5.3 -- -- 1.9 -- -- 53.5 -- -- 2.5 -- -- 36.4 -- Memo: OIC Countries -- 5.2 -- -- 1.8 -- -- 55.4 -- -- 2.4 -- -- 34.9 -- LDCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Developing Countries 10.3 8.0 8.1 3.8 2.6 2.4 10.4 11.1 9.7 3.6 3.2 3.1 70.7 72.4 74.9 High Income Countries 8.7 6.7 7.5 3.1 1.9 1.7 10.9 10.1 10.5 4.0 3.2 2.7 71.5 75.1 74.6 World 9.0 7.0 7.6 3.3 2.1 1.8 10.8 10.3 10.3 3.9 3.2 2.8 71.4 74.5 74.7 54
Table 3.5: Structure of Merchandise Imports g Percentage of merchandise imports Food materials Fuel Ores and metals Manufactures (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Country 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 Afghanistan.... 6.3.... 0.8.... 4.9.. 0.0 0.1.. 28.7 28.5 Albania.. 21.8 19.6.. 0.9 1.0.. 8.9 8.6.. 1.5 1.7.. 66.7 69.1 Algeria 23.7 28.2 22.4 4.7 2.6 2.4 1.1 1.4 0.8 2.0 1.2 1.2 68.4 66.6 73.2 Azerbaijan.. 18.6 11.7.. 1.7 1.0.. 4.9 11.3.. 3.6 1.9.. 71.2 74.0 Bahrain 8.5 9.7 9.4 0.5 0.8 0.8 49.2 45.5 39.4 1.1 2.6 2.8 38.5 41.4 47.6 Bangladesh 19.0.. 19.8 5.4.. 7.3 16.5.. 7.7 3.1.. 2.3 55.9.. 62.8 Benin.. 21.9.... 5.3.... 19.2.... 1.0.... 52.6.. Brunei 19.2.. 17.6 0.4.. 0.3 0.9.. 1.0 1.3.. 1.0 77.9.. 79.6 Burkina Faso.. 12.6.... 0.6.... 25.2.... 0.9.... 60.7.. Cameroon 18.5 18.2 18.8 0.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 23.2 12.4 1.5 1.1 1.3 78.0 55.9 65.8 Chad.............................. Comoros.. 21.9.... 0.4.... 4.1.... 0.2.... 72.5.. Cote d'ivoire.. 17.2 21.7.. 1.1 0.6.. 33.7 17.1.. 1.4 1.2.. 46.2 48.5 Djibouti 29.9.... 11.4.... 7.0.... 0.8.... 47.7.... Egypt 31.5 25.1 24.9 7.1 4.8 4.6 2.6 7.7 5.2 2.4 2.2 2.5 56.3 55.7 48.7 Gabon.. 18.5.... 0.5.... 4.2.... 1.0.... 75.4.. Gambia.. 34.5 28.4.. 0.7 0.3.. 11.9 3.6.. 0.8 0.2.. 51.1 63.0 Guinea.. 24.2.... 1.2.... 24.9.... 0.7.... 48.7.. Guinea-Bissau.............................. Indonesia 5.1 10.0 11.4 4.7 7.1 5.3 8.9 18.4 23.9 4.3 3.3 2.9 76.9 61.2 56.4 Iran.. 19.0 10.5.. 2.6 2.1.. 2.4 5.8.. 2.3 2.2.. 73.3 79.4 Iraq.............................. Jordan 26.1 21.3 17.9 1.9 2.3 1.6 18.2 4.9 16.7 1.5 2.5 2.1 51.2 66.2 59.6 Kazakhstan.. 9.1 8.0.. 0.9 0.9.. 11.4 11.1.. 3.1 1.6.. 75.2 78.4 Kuwait 17.1 17.6.. 0.9 0.9.. 0.7 0.6.. 1.8 2.2.. 79.4 78.5.. Kyrgyz Republic.... 12.8.... 1.7.... 25.3.... 3.2.... 56.8 Lebanon.. 18.9 18.5.. 1.8 1.5.. 17.6 16.0.. 2.3 2.4.. 59.5 61.5 Libya 23.0.... 1.6.... 0.3.... 1.2.... 74.0.... Malaysia 7.3 4.4 5.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 5.3 4.9 5.5 3.6 3.0 2.9 82.2 84.8 83.1 Maldives.. 23.6 20.9.. 1.8 2.2.. 11.7 11.7.. 1.9 2.0.. 61.0 63.0 Mali 25.5 15.1.. 0.6 0.9.. 19.5 23.6.. 1.1 0.7 1.4 52.7 59.4 67.2 Mauritania.............................. Morocco 9.8 13.7 11.0 6.1 3.1 3.3 16.9 17.7 15.7 6.2 2.5 2.8 61.0 62.9 67.2 Mozambique.............................. Niger.. 35.1 33.5.. 3.6 4.3.. 21.4 16.9.. 1.7 1.2.. 38.2 44.0 Oman 18.5 22.5 17.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 4.2 1.7 3.3 0.7 3.0 4.9 69.1 69.6 71.0 Pakistan 17.4 14.1 10.3 4.0 3.3 6.0 20.9 33.3 22.0 3.6 2.2 2.7 54.1 46.8 58.6 Palestine.............................. Qatar 17.4 11.7.. 0.7 0.6.. 0.7 0.4.. 3.1 2.6.. 78.1 84.4.. Saudi Arabia 14.8 18.5 16.2 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.3 2.9 3.1 2.5 81.0 76.2 79.2 Senegal 28.7 23.9 29.6 1.8 2.1 1.8 15.9 20.4 18.6 2.3 1.4 2.5 51.3 52.1 47.4 Sierra-Leone.............................. Somalia.. 32.2.... 2.5.... 5.0.... 0.3.... 58.5.. Sudan.. 21.7.... 1.0.... 7.4.... 0.9.... 69.1.. Suriname 11.3 18.1.. 0.2 0.4.. 17.9 6.7.. 1.8 0.9.. 68.5 73.2.. Syria 31.1 19.0 18.9 1.9 3.3 4.2 3.0 3.7 3.7 1.4 1.8 2.7 61.6 64.7 70.5 Tajikistan.. 10.2.... 0.7.... 37.5.... 0.1.... 51.3.. Togo 22.4 18.4 17.1 1.2 1.7 0.7 8.3 18.8 18.8 0.9 1.6 2.1 66.8 59.5 61.2 Tunisia 10.6 8.3 9.1 4.3 3.1 3.0 9.0 10.6 6.9 4.4 2.5 2.7 71.6 75.6 78.3 Turkey 8.3 3.9 4.2 4.3 3.7 3.7 20.8 13.9 13.0 5.5 4.0 5.5 61.0 70.5 68.4 Turkmenistan.. 11.7.... 0.4.... 1.2.... 1.0.... 79.8.. Uganda.. 14.1 16.2.. 2.2 2.0.. 17.5 13.7.. 1.5 1.3.. 64.7 66.7 United Arab Emirates 14.4 11.1.. 0.9 0.8.. 3.2 0.8.. 4.3 2.0.. 76.6 85.0.. Uzbekistan.............................. Yemen Republic.. 35.6.... 1.5.... 12.0.... 1.1.... 48.7.. IDB MCs -- 11.5 -- -- 2.6 -- -- 9.6 -- -- 2.8 -- -- 72.0 -- Memo: OIC Countries -- 11.8 -- -- 2.5 -- -- 9.4 -- -- 2.8 -- -- 72.1 -- LDCs -- -- -- -- -- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Developing Countries 10.3 8.0 8.1 3.8 2.6 2.4 10.4 11.1 9.7 3.6 3.2 3.1 70.7 72.4 74.9 High Income Coun 8.7 6.7 7.5 3.1 1.9 1.7 10.9 10.1 10.5 4.0 3.2 2.7 71.5 75.1 74.6 World 9.0 7.0 7.6 3.3 2.1 1.8 10.8 10.3 10.3 3.9 3.2 2.8 71.4 74.5 74.7 55
Table 3.6: Tariff All products Primary products Manufactured products Simple Simple Simple Binding Mean Weighted Mean Weighted Mean Weighted Coverage tariff mean tariff tariff mean tariff tariff mean tariff Country Year % % % % % % % Afghanistan................ Albania 2001 100.0 11.7 11.3 12.1 10.6 11.6 11.6 Algeria 2003.. 18.4 12.0 18.5 10.5 18.3 12.5 Azerbaijan 2002.. 10.1 6.2 11.9 4.8 9.9 7 Bahrain................ Bangladesh................ Benin 2004 39.1 14.3 12.7 15.4 12.9 14.1 12.5 Brunei................ Burkina Faso 2004 38.9 13.8 11.4 14.0 11.3 13.8 11.5 Cameroon 2002 12.5 18.3 15.1 21.5 19.1 17.9 14.2 Chad 2002 12.7 17.1 14.0 21.4 24.5 16.7 13.0 Comoros.............. Cote d'ivoire 2004 33.0 12.9 10.7 14.9 11.5 12.6 10.1 Djibouti................ Egypt 2002 98.9 19.1 13.7 18.3 7.7 19.1 16.7 Gabon 2002 100.0 20.2 14.9 24.0 20.3 19.5 13.1 Gambia................ Guinea................ Guinea-Bissau 2004 97.7 14.1 13.6 16.6 14.6 13.6 12.9 Indonesia 2003 96.6 6.4 5.2 8.0 3.1 6.1 5.8 Iran 2004.. 17.8 14.8 14.3 13.6 18 15 Iraq................ Jordan 2003 100.0 14.5 11.4 20.2 11.9 13.6 11.0 Kazakhstan 1996.. 10 8.4 10.6 8.2 9.7 8.5 Kuwait 2002 100 3.5 3.9 1.5 3.7 4 4 Kyrgyz Republic 2003 99.9 4.3 4.3 6.6 6.1 3.9 2.9 Lebanon 2002.. 7.5 6.3 14.8 6.1 6.4 6.4 Libya 2002.. 20.0 25.2 19.2 15.0 19.9 28.6 Malaysia 2003 83.7 7.3 4.2 4.5 2.1 7.8 4.6 Maldives................ Mali 2004 40.7 13.1 10.6 15.7 11.5 12.7 10.3 Mauritania 2001 39.4 12 11.2 12.8 9.3 11.8 12.4 Morocco 2003 100.0 28.9 24.9 33.7 25.4 28.4 24.6 Mozambique 2003 100.0 12.9 9.9 15.8 9.9 12.3 9.9 Niger 2004 96.8 12.9 13.7 15.5 15.9 12.6 12.9 Oman 2002 100.0 8.0 13.6 9.5 31.6 7.6 6.5 Pakistan 2004 44.8 15.9 13.0 13.9 8.9 16.1 15.7 Palestine................ Qatar................ Saudi Arabia 2004.. 6.6 7.3 5.9 10.5 6.7 6.6 Senega 2004 100.0 13.9 9.2 14.8 8.1 13.8 10.5 Sierra-Leone................ Somalia................ Sudan 2002.. 21.5 19.6 28.8 24 20.8 18.9 Suriname................ Syria 2002.. 14.7 15.5 14.4 11.7 14.5 16.6 Tajikistan 2002.. 8 7.1 9.9 6.7 7.8 7.5 Togo 2004 13.2 13.6 14.0 16.3 13.6 13.2 14.2 Tunisia 2004 57.8 25.6 23.2 36.8 21.8 24.5 23.5 Turkey 2003 50.0 2.6 2.0 11.6 3.5 1.7 1.5 Turkmenistan 2002.. 5.3 2.9 16.0 13.2 3.7 1.1 Uganda 2004 14.9 7.3 5.5 9.6 5.7 7.0 5.3 United Arab Emirates................ Uzbekistan 2001.. 10.6 5.9 10.8 4.6 10.7 6.2 Yemen Republic 2000.. 13 11.7 14.3 9.8 12.8 12.9 56
Table 3.7: Intra-IDB Trade Intra-IDB Exports Intra-IDB Imports Openess of the US $ million % of total exports US $ million % of total Imports economy* Country 2001 2002 2003 2001 2002 2003 2001 2002 2003 2001 2002 2003 1984-93 1994-03 Afghanistan 33 36 46 37 36 22 235 373 686 41 37 43.... Albania 3 4 5 1 1 1 91 111 154 7 7 8 41 55 Algeria 1,788 1,609 1,788 10 9 7 817 1,131 1,446 8 10 9 45 57 Azerbaijan 165 181 276 7 8 15 472 515 686 33 31 24 103 91 Bahrain 751 859 1,058 9 10 10 1,499 1,598 2,011 41 39 41 184 147 Bangladesh 218 231 235 4 4 4 905 867 1,328 10 11 14 19 32 Benin 41 70 61 7 29 22 115 146 262 19 20 15 45 44 Brunei 46 39 278 1 1 6 329 325 307 25 20 23.... Burkina Faso 24 24 39 14 14 16 196 244 283 38 38 33 36 35 Cameroon 91 136 193 5 8 9 165 152 185 9 8 10 41 51 Chad 6 4 6 9 7 7 31 67 78 9 14 23 43 52 Comoros 1 0 0 2 0 0 10 10 12 12 12 10 57 51 Cote d'ivoire 812 881 953 21 18 17 194 221 241 7 9 7 63 75 Djibouti 136 138 171 69 90 89 179 181 240 28 27 29.. 104 Egypt 761 1,102 1,467 18 16 18 1,683 2,637 2,884 13 13 13 53 43 Gabon 44 55 60 1 2 2 70 81 108 5 7 8 87 93 Gambia 2 4 2 6 16 13 72 96 118 18 23 23 122 104 Guinea 77 30 47 14 4 6 120 115 133 24 14 15 54 48 Guinea-Bissau 3 2 1 2 2 2 18 24 30 17 22 24 52 64 Indonesia 4,763 5,166 5,465 8 9 9 4,286 3,702 4,344 14 12 13 48 62 Iran 2,113 2,064 2,919 9 10 10 3,062 3,966 6,005 17 18 20 20 43 Iraq 1,050 1,042 468 10 11 6 1,094 1,274 1,882 19 21 38.... Jordan 1,187 1,337 1,351 52 48 44 1,417 1,567 1,911 29 31 33 118 115 Kazakhstan 1,045 1,397 1,414 12 14 11 411 470 520 6 7 6 118 85 Kuwait 2,068 2,010 2,223 13 13 12 1,719 1,796 2,034 22 20 18 98 92 Kyrgyz Republic 122 178 261 26 37 45 190 222 255 41 38 36 77 83 Lebanon 448 540 621 45 54 53 1,126 1,183 1,330 18 19 17 93 58 Libya 1,299 1,215 1,590 11 12 12 684 882 1,099 15 16 18 63 51 Malaysia 4,952 5,610 7,131 6 6 7 4,205 4,101 4,956 6 5 6 135 203 Maldives 2 1 6 2 1 5 85 66 88 22 17 19 73 162 Mali 17 18 34 11 11 16 324 338 308 23 24 20 51 63 Mauritania 63 52 73 11 9 13 117 121 131 16 14 13 110 98 Morocco 499 545 586 7 7 6 1,890 1,981 1,754 16 17 12 55 64 Mozambique 3 1 8 0 0 1 54 25 78 5 2 4 34 52 Niger 9 12 8 6 7 4 108 127 145 33 31 29 40 41 Oman 2,223 2,350 2,328 21 21 22 2,232 2,287 2,166 39 38 33 85 89 Pakistan 1,989 2,331 3,082 22 24 26 4,414 4,856 5,270 43 43 40 36 33 Palestine.. 0 0.................... 79 Qatar 584 1,083 807 5 10 6 669 889 1,004 18 22 21.. 80 Saudi Arabia 9,440 9,701 12,257 14 14 14 3,898 4,154 5,036 9 9 9 71 65 Senegal 214 282 401 27 30 35 138 164 230 8 8 10 57 69 Sierra-Leone 2 2 2 3 2 2 41 50 72 10 10 12 40 47 Somalia 53 69 80 75 77 74 159 167 195 45 46 46 43.. Sudan 251 237 873 14 12 33 436 520 944 23 24 35 17 26 Suriname 3 1 0 1 0 0 4 5 5 1 1 1 67 63 Syria 1,952 1,893 2,027 32 29 32 955 1,027 1,425 15 14 17 49 70 Tajikistan 212 245 330 32 33 42 366 338 454 54 48 52 56 133 Togo 84 100 192 38 40 46 63 85 109 18 21 19 83 76 Tunisia 879 931 1,011 11 12 11 1,143 1,053 1,279 10 9 10 83 91 Turkey 4,125 4,661 7,136 13 13 15 5,312 5,890 7,972 13 11 11 33 53 Turkmenistan 552 643 951 22 23 28 583 614 729 26 29 29 156 138 Uganda 26 17 32 6 4 6 107 124 173 11 12 13 27 35 United Arab Emirates 6,667 7,424 8,263 17 19 17 4,450 4,028 8,908 15 13 15 105 139 Uzbekistan 434 463 531 21 30 27 442 354 422 19 17 17 71 51 Yemen Republic 425 609 622 13 19 16 1,114 1,386 1,888 45 50 43 62 79 IDB MCs 54,754 59,637 71,769 11.5 12.2 12.2 54,500 58,707 76,311 14.0 13.6 14.4 55 69 Memo: OIC countries 55,969 61,564 73,510 11.3 12.1 12.0 55205 59186 77313 13.9 13.4 14.2 55 70 LDCs........................ 33 47 Developing C. 920931 1030780 1269810 41.3 42.9 44.2 957441 1060310 1310690 44.3 45.9 47.3 42 54 Industrial C. 2809020 2877490 3287700 71.8 71.3 71.1 2762250 2812600 3200530 65.4 65.0 64.4 37 38 World 6144760 6438960 7497660 100.0 100.0 100.0 6390780 6643670 641733 100.0 100.0 8.3 38 46 * Total trade (exports + imports) as % of GDP 57
Table 3.8: Direction of Trade: Exports Industrial Countries Oil-Exporting countries Non-oil Developing countries US$ million US$ million US$ million Country 1990 2001 2002 2003 1990 2001 2002 2003 1990 2001 2002 2003 Afghanistan 95 24 25 118 4 2 4 5 33 64 70 84 Albania 121 284 310 420 0 0 0 0 103 20 20 26 Algeria 9,939 15,173 15,477 21,494 24 430 207 247 1,046 2,627 2,728 3,201 Azerbaijan.. 1,718 1,537 1,112.. 20 38 41.. 575 592 744 Bahrain 207 1,094 918 963 227 525 603 728 257 1,223 1,222 1,266 Bangladesh 1,193 4,273 4,033 4,688 59 114 88 86 410 430 442 471 Benin 58 40 39 42 26 28 61 24 38 523 141 210 Brunei 1,396 2,210 2,112 2,645 0 38 32 115 741 1,088 1,294 1,662 Burkina Faso 82 67 56 57 1 3 6 6 67 99 110 178 Cameroon 1,699 1,256 1,402 1,602 24 21 23 32 303 456 353 563 Chad 79 53 45 64 1 1 0 1 9 21 16 27 Comoros 23 29 24 29 0 0.51 0.05 0.04 0 10 5 4 Cote d'ivoire 1,725 1,983 2,846 3,447 80 115 564 271 1,009 1,758 1,488 1,726 Djibouti 5 53 6 8 1 0 0 0 54 146 148 184 Egypt 1,342 1,745 4,223 4,666 193 400 531 603 1,003 1,197 1,447 1,893 Gabon 2,008 2,560 2,104 2,599 22 9 8 11 445 676 640 755 Gambia 154 21 21 9 0 0.05 0.06 0.01 17 5 6 10 Guinea 519 458 477 446 0 0 5.82 23.12 87 85 332 330 Guinea-Bissau 19 5 9 10 0 0.4 2.3 11.7 15 119 109 48 Indonesia 18,040 31,056 30,081 31,447 703 1,919 1,883 1,838 6,887 23,268 25,130 27,706 Iran 13,712 10,297 9,469 14,194 196 502 433 517 3,834 8,745 7,667 11,096 Iraq 6,376 9,217 6,668 6,963 194 22 107 15 3,743 1,786 2,355 1,198 Jordan 59 350 686 973 359 949 1,038 1,035 504 710 828 852 Kazakhstan.. 2,602 2,485 3,785.. 552 812 673.. 5,490 6,203 7,856 Kuwait 4,168 8,189 7,389 8,537 446 900 866 896 3,112 7,234 7,750 9,459 Kyrgyz Rep... 250 156 173.. 9 74 147.. 217 255 262 Lebanon 200 436 329 430 163 294 386 390 94 247 279 342 Libya 11,723 9,674 8,487 11,726 33 17 10 59 2,120 1,631 1,389 1,907 Malaysia 14,879 44,689 44,123 48,286 798 3,233 3,720 4,377 13,741 40,239 45,519 52,270 Maldives 32 45 57 66 0 0.02 0.13 4.81 20 31 33 42 Mali 113 49 65 63 2.5 6 4 5 135 92 87 140 Mauritania 373 361 401 408 0 52 25 17 94 132 116 142 Morocco 3,110 5,802 6,363 7,301 420 231 228 248 704 1,061 1,647 1,766 Mozambique 129 487 431 682 4 2.0 1 5 243 173 200 317 Niger 240 88 94 116 26 62 55 53 15 12 20 11 Oman 861 2,911 2,889 2,303 2,851 1,601 1,898 1,690 872 6,170 6,339 6,368 Pakistan 3,400 5,254 5,634 6,638 492 1,342 1,582 1,980 1,695 2,609 2,666 3,309 Palestine........................ Qatar 2,105 6,268 5,741 6,772 198 435 709 635 903 4,156 4,002 5,099 Saudi Arabia 28,098 36,258 35,105 45,894 1,742 3,260 3,247 3,850 14,514 28,683 28,607 36,047 Senegal 429 341 335 368 18 6 5 5 265 342 517 600 Sierra-Leone 126 44 91 125 0 0 0.14 0.66 2 8 9 14 Somalia 60 4 3 2 58 51 56 54 32 15 30 52 Sudan 244 479 446 425 44 123 98 640 226 1,240 1,425 1,523 Suriname 425 434 405 463 0 1.34 1.51 0.99 31 84 87 113 Syria 1,815 3,564 3,688 3,263 417 1,067 930 994 1,941 1,353 1,709 1,845 Tajikistan.. 267 309 303.. 30 30 52.. 353 399 436 Togo 151 34 41 91 11 8 8 14 105 176 197 307 Tunisia 2,790 5,400 5,557 6,723 367 499 557 555 393 418 462 471 Turkey 8,831 19,959 22,715 29,315 1,747 1,992 2,318 3,974 2,755 7,572 9,101 11,849 Turkmenistan.. 586 577 751.. 312 390 603.. 1,657 1,769 1,823 Uganda 162 224 255 249 1 8 8 13 18 199 191 235 U.A.E 11,624 15,791 14,383 18,839 1,708 4,199 4,700 5,128 5,787 13,862 13,937 18,416 Uzbekistan.. 560 471 448.. 43 55 61.. 1,474 1,031 1,475 Yemen Rep 1,365 304 284 266 29 163 357 363 159 2,747 2,624 3,138 IDB MCs 156,302 255,318 251,878 302,807 13,690 25,596 28,763 33,100 70,580 175,304 185,741 221,864 Memo: OIC countries 165,944 267,969 263,347 319,542 13,697 26,249 29,745 33,874 71,415 180,359 191,895 228,750 LDCs........................ Developing C 570,864 1,263,850 1,325,000 1,550,440 32,823 77,229 85,131 103,010 299,306 841,921 944,302 1,164,670 Industrial C. 1,864,150 2,809,020 2,877,490 3,287,700 79,684 105,470 112,084 124,475 482,207 975,017 1,018,910 1,186,510 World 2,435,960 4,073,920 4,203,570 4,839,250 112,695 182,740 197,283 227,558 782,668 1,818,340 1,964,470 2,352,450 58
Table 3.9: Direction of Trade: Imports Industrial Countries Oil-Exporting countries Non-oil Developing countries US $ millions US $ millions US $ millions Country 1990 2001 2002 2003 1990 2001 2002 2003 1990 2001 2002 2003 Afghanistan 211 100 321 419 4 12 19 40 263 464 679 1,140 Albania 218 1,028 1,113 1,306 0 2 5 6 205 286 384 534 Algeria 8,393 7,459 8,696 11,030 100 140 190 165 1,116 2,142 2,901 4,164 Azerbaijan.. 605 596 1,191.. 77 81 110.. 752 988 1,585 Bahrain 1,282 1,727 1,939 2,318 1,978 1,328 1,414 1,776 289 612 673 788 Bangladesh 1,570 2,288 1,995 2,061 232 578 561 803 1,351 4,794 4,395 5,753 Benin 125 333 365 706 24 41 45 50 116 242 304 1,034 Brunei 511 373 615 495 19 27 38 40 453 913 973 804 Burkina Faso 311 239 313 438 12 17 18 24 208 236 293 370 Cameroon 1,255 1,143 1,137 1,073 7 294 245 207 289 384 411 500 Chad 126 318 368 243 28 12 13 25 14 34 81 78 Comoros 76 44 47 66 0 8 8 9 10 30 32 44 Cote d'ivoire 1,230 1,353 1,332 2,157 508 554 459 586 310 887 794 762 Djibouti 125 231 245 233 16 144 153 196 64 249 252 377 Egypt 6,377 6,890 11,278 11,987 192 1,073 1,614 1,642 2,160 3,885 5,989 6,630 Gabon 706 1,266 949 1,066 1 4 9 16 140 176 168 228 Gambia 124 156 147 177 1 13 14 15 97 224 252 310 Guinea 435 292 567 534 10 16 39 29 138 190 236 334 Guinea-Bissau 91 45 47 58 0 0 0 0 30 51 52 52 Indonesia 14,470 14,535 13,301 12,879 1,045 3,244 3,363 3,502 6,357 12,911 14,389 15,861 Iran 12,065 8,715 12,468 14,464 1,120 1,994 2,647 3,487 3,776 6,847 7,095 12,521 Iraq 4,481 2,698 2,670 1,792 687 205 201 105 1,357 2,720 3,079 2,972 Jordan 1,427 2,110 2,171 2,230 600 1,017 1,107 1,309 549 1,543 1,746 2,178 Kazakhstan.. 2,173 2,323 2,899.. 55 60 52.. 4,243 4,179 5,443 Kuwait 2,475 4,888 5,652 7,337 46 1,158 1,132 1,261 995 1,691 1,983 2,811 Kyrgyz Rep... 99 143 152.. 14 12 14.. 351 432 546 Lebanon 1,399 3,776 3,775 4,805 105 356 369 444 1,011 2,124 2,006 2,224 Libya 4,262 3,110 3,824 4,248 23 81 91 119 1,321 1,229 1,539 1,775 Malaysia 18,557 38,739 39,261 39,715 642 3,683 3,576 4,465 9,909 30,062 35,559 38,281 Maldives 24 92 90 97 1 48 41 49 113 252 259 324 Mali 322 459 419 488 17 37 11 11 352 815 865 924 Mauritania 302 435 493 590 21 36 31 32 48 177 272 284 Morocco 4,783 7,233 7,757 9,605 997 1,556 1,587 1,200 1,358 2,682 2,469 3,379 Mozambique 527 310 333 525 109 19 13 38 278 568 506 729 Niger 223 133 156 190 59 41 42 47 79 152 206 257 Oman 1,635 2,735 2,904 3,185 704 1,970 1,965 1,780 342 1,092 1,136 1,607 Pakistan 4,075 3,321 3,856 4,472 1,375 3,666 3,939 4,314 1,932 3,178 3,441 4,261 Palestine........................ Qatar 1,216 2,452 2,519 3,017 144 491 656 748 332 781 875 1,132 Saudi Arabia 18,577 25,994 27,664 28,499 571 1,598 1,570 1,622 4,860 14,977 18,591 23,519 Senegal 902 1,042 1,184 1,264 99 197 199 326 368 487 573 765 Sierra-Leone 128 296 359 395 39 7 5 7 27 101 109 175 Somalia 269 36 42 26 25 44 42 46 90 227 234 295 Sudan 647 798 781 881 400 252 287 607 258 833 1,106 1,123 Suriname 356 336 374 467 2 3 3 4 121 306 222 204 Syria 1,436 2,603 2,828 3,221 99 369 382 472 644 2,335 2,708 3,380 Tajikistan.. 41 57 62.. 23 23 65.. 610 631 754 Togo 404 196 226 315 13 18 21 28 163 126 146 205 Tunisia 4,511 7,485 7,400 8,486 258 521 486 665 1,014 1,384 1,479 1,605 Turkey 14,253 24,688 31,024 41,007 3,523 4,108 4,254 5,929 5,364 11,547 14,705 21,280 Turkmenistan.. 701 370 376.. 263 265 308.. 1,243 1,190 1,674 Uganda 288 364 364 474 10 72 76 103 284 569 588 795 U.A.E. 6,913 16,827 17,553 29,559 930 2,138 2,255 3,823 3,226 10,643 10,545 26,466 Uzbekistan.. 736 654 840.. 2 2 3.. 1,555 1,423 1,639 Yemen Rep. 1,112 735 738 1,288 432 856 1,068 1,336 834 769 954 1,756 IDB MCs 145,205 206,781 227,804 267,410 17,227 34,481 36,709 44,063 54,613 137,679 157,103 208,630 Memo: OIC countries 148,753 211,943 233,195 275,572 17,246 34,701 36,917 44,612 55,621 140,870 160,759 213,142 LDCs -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Developing C. 576,998 1,161,630 1,201,460 1,388,120 59,019 134,044 136,103 163,073 277,476 823,695 924,593 1,146,400 Industrial C. 1,909,510 2,762,250 2,813,510 3,222,890 144,406 201,704 186,376 234,532 504,996 1,225,660 1,297,120 1,525,580 World 2,488,310 3,927,120 4,017,110 4,613,350 204,111 336,413 323,005 398,265 784,263 2,052,080 2,224,020 2,674,480 59
Table 3.10: Intra-Trade by Regional Groupings US $ millions (2003) Exports to AMU ASEAN CIS ECO ECOWAS GCC UDEAC IDB WORLD ===> AMU 1,535 1,375 0.05 261 152 71 32 5,048 58,338 ASEAN 266 5,117 117 5,117 204 3,066 22 12,874 170,383 CIS 0.49 20 1,143 17 0.13 492 1,143 3,763 21,604 ECO 1,350 619 2,280 7,539 116 4,379 31 16,946 111,493 ECOWAS 1,221 154 7.32 124 1,221 7.5 132 1,741 8,978 GCC 1,105 3,496 295 7,830 121 9,288 28 26,936 188,557 UDEAC 49 55 0.00 12 91 6.7 91 260 5,999 IDB 5,082 10,028 2,325 20,591 1,782 19,771 366 71,769 586,413 Percentage (2003) Exports to AMU ASEAN CIS ECO ECOWAS GCC UDEAC IDB WORLD ===> AMU 2.63 2.36 0.00 0.45 0.26 0.12 0.05 8.65 100 ASEAN 0.16 3.00 0.07 3.00 0.12 1.80 0.01 7.56 100 CIS 0.002 0.09 5.29 0.08 0.001 2.28 5.29 17.42 100 ECO 1.21 0.56 2.04 6.76 0.10 3.93 0.03 15.20 100 ECOWAS 13.60 1.72 0.08 1.38 13.60 0.08 1.47 19.39 100 GCC 0.59 1.85 0.16 4.15 0.06 4.93 0.01 14.29 100 UDEAC 0.81 0.92 0.00 0.19 1.51 0.11 1.51 4.33 100 IDB 0.87 1.71 0.40 3.51 0.30 3.37 0.06 12.24 100 US $ millions (2003) Imports from AMU ASEAN CIS ECO ECOWAS GCC UDEAC IDB WORLD ===> AMU 1,689 1,383 26.84 286 121 413 18 5,710 49,823 ASEAN 261 4,527 92 4,527 88 3,824 5.2 9,607 116,612 CIS 10.16 0.98 1,358 139 0.0 327 1,358 3,065 17,881 ECO 2,457 2,434 3,351 8,194 68 8,622 32 22,998 132,727 ECOWAS 1,197 199 0.02 187 1,197 133.5 47 1,931 13,257 GCC 169 3,456 534 4,980 9.0 9,523 7.2 21,159 141,925 UDEAC 116 51 0.0 31 100 27.9 100 372 3,454 IDB 5,466 13,014 3,574 17,794 813 28,987 268 76,311 530,351 Percentage (2003) Import from AMU ASEAN CIS ECO ECOWAS GCC UDEAC IDB WORLD ===> AMU 3.39 2.78 0.05 0.57 0.24 0.83 0.04 11.46 100 ASEAN 0.22 3.88 0.08 3.88 0.08 3.28 0.00 8.24 100 CIS 0.057 0.01 7.60 0.78 0.000 1.83 7.60 17.14 100 ECO 1.85 1.83 2.52 6.17 0.05 6.50 0.02 17.33 100 ECOWAS 9.03 1.50 0.00 1.41 9.03 1.01 0.35 14.56 100 GCC 0.12 2.43 0.38 3.51 0.01 6.71 0.01 14.91 100 UDEAC 3.36 1.47 0.00 0.89 2.88 0.81 2.88 10.77 100 IDB 1.03 2.45 0.67 3.36 0.15 5.47 0.05 14.39 100 60
Table 3.11a: Exports of Five Core Commodities Value Share in Share in US$ mill. country World Country Code Commodity Name total total 2002 2002 2002 Afghanistan...... Albania 612 Leather, etc, manufactures 88 28.0 1.3 842 Men's outwear non-kni 34 10.8 0.1 843 Women's outwear non-kni 22 7.1 0.04 845 Outer garments knit nonelastic 22 7.1 0.04 846 Under garments non-knitted 21 6.7 0.1 Algeria 333 Crude petroleum 6,156 42.0 1.9 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 5,998 40.9 7.8 334 Petroleum products, refined 2,093 14.3 1.5 335 Resdiual petroleum prdts nes 127 0.9 1.4 522 Inorg chem elmnt. oxides, etc 52 0.4 0.3 Azerbaijan 333 Crude petroleum 1,476 68.1 0.5 334 Petroleum products, refined 426 19.6 0.3 57 Fruit, nuts, fresh, dried 23 1.1 0.1 264 Cotton 23 1.0 0.3 583 Polymerization, etc, prdts 21 1.0 0.02 Bahrain 334 Petroleum products, refined 3,957 68.3 2.8 684 Aluminium 772 13.3 1.6 843 Women's outwear non-kni 314 5.4 0.6 280 Iron ore and concentrates 198 3.4 2.0 562 Fertilizers, manufactured 68 1.2 0.5 Bangladesh 842 Men's outwear non-knit 996 21.8 2.9 844 Under garments non-kni 694 15.2 6.2 843 Women's outwear non-kni 669 14.7 1.3 846 Under garments non-knitted 538 11.8 1.6 845 Outer garments knit nonelastic 484 10.6 0.9 Benin 263 Cotton 128 42.2 1.8 011 Meat, fresh, chilled, frozen 67 22.1 0.2 971 Gold, non-monetary nes 27 8.7 0.1 057 Fruits, nuts, fresh, dried 18 5.8 0.1 652 Cotton fabrics, woven 11 3.6 0.04 Brunei 333 Crude petroleum 1,364 46.4 0.4 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 1,183 40.2 1.5 845 Outer garments knit nonelastic 224 7.6 0.4 846 Under garments non-knitted 68 2.3 0.2 897 Gold, silver ware, jewellery 27 0.9 0.1 Burkina Faso 263 Cotton 105 62.1 1.5 001 Live animals for food 8 5.0 0.1 222 Seeds for soft fixed oils 7 4.3 0.0 223 Seeds for other fixed oils 5 3.0 0.5 651 Textile yarn 5 2.7 0.0 Cameroon 333 Crude petroleum 825 45.8 0.3 072 Cocoa 235 13.1 3.7 248 Wood, shaped, rail sleepers 204 11.3 0.8 263 Cotton 94 5.2 1.3 684 Aluminium 77 4.3 0.2 Chad 263 Cotton 145 76.7 2.0 292 Crude vegetb materials nes 26 13.7 0.2 792 Aircraft, etc 9 4.8 0.01 931 Special transactions 1 0.5 0.00 874 Measuring, controlg instruments 1 0.5 0.00 61
Table 3.11b: Exports of Five Core Commodities Value Share in Share in US$ mill. country World Country Code Commodity Name total total 2002 2002 2002 Comoros 075 Spices 10 88.6 0.4 551 Essential oils, perfume, etc 1 5.6 0.01 931 Special transactions 0 2.9 0.00 741 Heating, cooling equipmen 0 0.8 0.00 782 Lorries, spec motor vehicl nes 0 0.5 0.00 Cote d'ivore 072 Cocoa 2,203 44.3 34.5 334 Petroleum products, refined 458 9.2 0.3 793 Ships, boats, etc 408 8.2 0.9 057 Fruit, nuts, fresh, dried 180 3.6 0.6 248 Wood, shaped, rail sleepers 161 3.2 0.6 Djibouti 781 Passengr motor vehicl, exc bus 1 9.5 0.00 054 Vegtb etc fresh, simply prsrvd 1 8.9 0.00 061 Sugar and honey 1 8.8 0.01 334 Petroleum products, refined 1 7.9 0.00 941 Zoo animals, pets, etc 1 6.7 0.21 Egypt 334 Petroleum products, refined 1,181 25.2 0.8 931 Special tranasactions 434 9.2 0.3 263 Cotton 331 7.1 4.6 333 Crude petroleum 317 6.8 0.1 661 Lime, cement and building prdts 213 4.5 1.8 Gabon 333 Crude petroleum 2,217 81.4 0.7 247 Other wood rough, squared 306 11.2 4.1 334 Petroleum products, refined 52 1.9 0.0 287 Base metals oreas, conc nes 46 1.7 0.2 634 Veneers, plywood,etc 37 1.4 0.3 Gambia 554 Soap, cleansing, etc, preps 1 9.2 0.01 222 Seeds for soft fixed oils 5 45.8 0.03 054 Vegetables etc fresh, simply prsrvd 0 3.7 0.00 036 Shell fish fresh, frozen 1 13.0 0.01 034 Fish, fresh, chilled, frozen 1 7.1 0.00 Guinea 287 Base metals oreas, conc nes 257 49.0 1.4 971 Gold, non-monetary nes 130 24.7 0.6 522 Inorg chem elmnt, oxides, etc 90 17.1 0.6 277 Natural abrasives nes 16 3.1 1.9 681 Silver, platinum, etc 9 1.7 0.1 Guinea-Bissau 057 Fruit, nuts, fresh, dried 24 44.4 0.1 333 Crude petroleum 23 42.3 0.01 034 Fish, fresh, chilled, frozen 2 3.7 0.01 792 Aircraft, etc 2 2.9 0.00 263 Cotton 1 2.6 0.02 Indonesia 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 5,578 9.8 7.3 333 Crude petroleum 5,228 9.1 1.6 424 Other fixed vegetable oils 2,511 4.4 28.6 634 Veeners, plywood,etc 2,023 3.5 14.5 287 Base metals oreas, conc nes 1,889 3.3 10.1 Iran 333 Crude petroleum 23,920 84.4 7.4 057 Fruits, nuts, fresh, dried 628 2.2 2.1 659 Floor covering, etc 627 2.2 7.1 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 306 1.1 0.4 672 Iron, steel primary forms 189 0.7 0.7 Iraq........ Jordan 271 Fertilizers, crude 329 11.9 24.2 842 Men's outwear non-kni 269 9.7 0.8 541 Medicinal, pharmaceutical prdts 218 7.9 0.1 971 Gold, non-monetary nes 175 6.3 0.8 054 Vegtb etc fresh, simply prsrvd 131 4.7 0.5 62
62
Table 3.11c: Exports of Five Core Commodities Value Share in Share in US$ mill. country World Country Code Commodity Name total total 2002 2002 2002 Kazakhstan 333 Crude petroleum 4,808 49.5 1.5 682 Copper 793 8.2 2.7 674 Iron, steel univ. plate, shee 527 5.4 1.0 041 Wheat etc. unmilled 360 3.7 2.3 287 Base metals ores, conc nes 359 3.7 1.9 Kuwait 333 Crude petroleum 8,723 56.5 2.7 334 Petroleum products, refined 4,713 30.6 3.4 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 778 5.0 1.0 583 Polymerization, etc, prdts 320 2.1 0.4 512 Alcohols, phenols, etc 195 1.3 1.3 Kyrgyzstan 971 Gold, non-monetary nes 163 35.4 0.8 263 Cotton 45 9.8 0.6 334 Petroleum products, refined 35 7.7 0.0 351 Electric current 22 4.8 0.2 121 Tobacco, unmanufactured, refuse 20 4.3 0.4 Lebanon 971 Gold, non-monetary nes 129 12.4 0.6 897 Gold, silver ware, jeweller 68 6.5 0.3 892 Printed matter 51 4.9 0.2 661 Lime, cement and building prdts 42 4.1 0.4 522 Inorg chem elmnt, oxides, etc 41 3.9 0.3 Libya 333 Crude petroleum 8,373 79.4 2.6 334 Petroleum products, refined 1,478 14.0 1.1 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 180 1.7 0.2 512 Alcohols, phenols, etc 97 0.9 0.7 672 Iron, steel primary forms 75 0.7 0.3 Malaysia 776 Transistors, valves, etc 19,208 20.4 7.6 759 Office, adp machy parts, acces 9,873 10.5 6.6 752 Automatic data processing equip 7,997 8.5 4.4 764 Telecom equip, parts, acess 5,071 5.4 2.4 424 Other fixed vegetable oils 3,685 3.9 42.0 Maldives 034 Fish, fresh, chilled, frozen 31 34.2 0.1 846 Under garments knitted 22 24.2 0.1 035 Fish, salted, dried, smoked 11 11.8 0.4 037 Fish etc prepd, prsrvd nes 10 11.1 0.1 842 Men's outwear non-kni 8 8.6 0.02 Mali 263 Cotton 668 72.7 9.3 611 Leather 22 2.4 0.1 776 Transistors, valves, etc 17 1.8 0.01 752 Automatic data processing equip 14 1.5 0.01 896 Works of art, etc 11 1.2 0.1 Mauritania 281 Iron ore and concentrates 200 44.9 2.0 034 Fish, fresh, chilled, frozen 113 25.3 0.5 036 Shell fish fresh, frozen 97 21.9 0.6 081 Feeding stuff for animals 10 2.2 0.04 842 Men's outwear non-kni 3 0.7 0.01 Morocco 843 Women's outwear non-kni 876 11.2 1.7 842 Men's outwear non-kni 549 7.0 1.6 036 Shell fish fresh, frozen 539 6.9 3.2 776 Transistors, valves, etc 502 6.4 0.2 522 Inorg chem elmnt, oxides, etc 470 6.0 2.9 Mozambique 684 Aluminium 370 54.5 0.8 036 Shell fish fresh, frozen 91 13.4 0.5 351 Electric current 55 8.2 0.5 081 Feeding stuff for animals 16 2.3 0.1 263 Cotton 16 2.3 0.2 63
63
Table 3.11d: Exports of Five Core Commodities Value Share in Share in US$ mill. country World Country Code Commodity Name total total 2002 2002 2002 Niger 286 Uranium, thorium ores, conc 90 44.9 25.7 001 Live animals for food 36 17.7 0.4 054 Vegtb etc fresh, simply prsrvd 24 11.8 0.1 652 Cotton fabrics, woven 11 5.7 0.05 122 Tobacco, manufactured 10 4.8 0.1 Oman 333 Crude petroleum 7,533 67.0 2.3 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 1,139 10.1 1.5 781 Passenger motor vehicle,exc bus 412 3.7 0.1 122 Tobacco, manufactured 373 3.3 2.4 784 Motor vehicle parts, access nes 230 2.1 0.2 Pakistan 658 Textile articles nes 1,762 17.8 9.2 652 Cotton fabrics, woven 1,242 12.5 5.1 651 Textile yarn 973 9.8 3.0 846 Under garments knitted 521 5.3 1.5 042 Rice 463 4.7 6.9 Palestine........ Qatar 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 3,737 45.4 4.9 333 Crude petroleum 2,881 35.0 0.9 334 Petroleum products, refined 548 6.7 0.4 583 Polymerization, etc. prdts 258 3.1 0.3 562 Fertilizers, manufactured 187 2.3 1.3 Saudi Arabia 333 Crude petroleum 53,271 86.0 16.5 583 Polymerization, etc, prdts 1,346 2.2 1.6 512 Alcohols, phenols, etc 1,220 2.0 8.2 511 Hydrocarbons nes, derivives 899 1.5 4.1 516 Other organic chemicals 690 1.1 4.8 Senegal 522 Inorg chem elmnt. oxides, etc 171 24.6 1.1 334 Petroleum products, refined 134 19.2 0.1 423 Fixed vegetales oils, etc 53 7.6 0.5 562 Fertilizers, manufactured 38 5.4 0.3 081 Feeding stuff for animals 23 3.3 0.1 Sierra Leone 071 Coffee and substitutes 36 86.5 0.4 072 Cocoa 1 3.2 0.02 893 Articles of plastic nes 1 2.0 0.001 898 Musical instruments and parts 1 1.8 0.002 716 Rotating electric plan 0 0.8 0.001 Somalia 251 Pulp and waste pape 95 31.9 0.5 001 Live animals for food 60 20.3 0.7 245 Fuel wood nes, charcoa 31 10.4 9.0 211 Hides skins, exc furs, raw 22 7.3 0.4 034 Fish, fresh, chilled, frozen 17 5.7 0.1 Sudan 334 Petroleum products, refined 971 60.1 0.7 333 Crude petroleum 129 8.0 0.04 001 Live animals for food 123 7.6 1.3 971 Gold, non-monetary nes 73 4.5 0.3 222 Seeds for soft fixed oils 72 4.5 0.5 Suriname 287 Base metals ores, conc nes 303 62.1 1.6 971 Gold, non-monetary nes 55 11.4 0.3 036 Shell fish fresh, frozen 34 7.0 0.2 333 Crude petroleum 21 4.3 0.01 334 Petroleum products, refined 11 2.3 0.01 64
64
Table 3.11e: Exports of Five Core Commodities Value Share in Share in US$ mill. country World Country Code Commodity Name total total 2002 2002 2002 Syria 333 Crude petroleum 4,045 64.9 1.3 334 Petroleum products, refined 445 7.2 0.3 001 Live animals for food 330 5.3 3.6 931 Special transactions 193 3.1 0.2 263 Cotton 193 3.1 2.7 Tajikistan 684 Aluminium 396 53.7 0.8 351 Electric current 98 13.3 0.9 263 Cotton 89 12.0 1.2 792 Aircraft, etc 39 5.3 0.0 971 Gold, non-monetary nes 26 3.5 0.1 Togo 661 Lime, cement and building prdts 66 26.5 0.6 271 Fertilizers, crude 41 16.5 3.0 263 Cotton 40 15.9 0.6 046 Wheat etc, meal or flour 10 4.1 0.6 034 Fish, fresh, chilled, frozen 10 4.0 0.04 Tunisia 842 Men's outwear non-knit 1,117 16.3 3.2 843 Women's outwear non-kni 705 10.3 1.4 333 Crude petroleum 504 7.3 0.2 846 Under garments knitted 410 6.0 1.2 845 Outer garments knit nonelastic 316 4.6 0.6 Turkey 845 Outer garments knit nonelastic 2,111 6.0 4.1 843 Women's outwear non-kni 2,024 5.7 4.0 846 Under garments knitted 2,005 5.7 5.9 761 Television receivers 1,454 4.1 4.5 781 Passengr motor vehicl, exc bus 1,297 3.7 0.4 Turkmenistan 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 918 49.8 1.2 334 Petroleum products, refined 377 20.5 0.3 333 Crude petroleum 178 9.7 0.1 263 Cotton 172 9.3 2.4 651 Textile yarn 40 2.2 0.1 Uganda 071 Coffee and substitutes 97 20.7 1.1 034 Fish, fresh, chilled, frozen 85 18.3 0.4 971 Gold, non-monetary nes 61 13.0 0.3 121 Tobacco, unmanufactured, refuse 44 9.4 0.8 074 Tea and mate 31 6.7 1.2 United Arab Emirates 333 Crude petroleum 17,298 50.8 5.3 334 Petroleum products, refined 3,943 11.6 2.8 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 1,829 5.4 2.4 684 Aluminium 836 2.5 1.7 653 Woven man-made fib fabric 740 2.2 2.5 Uzbekistan........ Yemen 333 Crude petroleum 2,946 85.3 0.9 334 Petroleum products, refined 112 3.3 0.1 034 Fish, fresh, chilled, frozen 79 2.3 0.3 341 Gas, natural and manufactured 48 1.4 0.1 335 Residual petroleum prdts nes 35 1.0 0.4 65
Table 3.12: Exports Concentration and Diversification Number of commodities exported Diversification Index Concentration Index Country 1990 2002 1990 2002 1990 2002 Afghanistan............ Albania.. 80.. 0.8140.. 0.2920 Algeria 87.. 0.8650.. 0.5670.. Azerbaijan.. 93.. 0.8320.. 0.6890 Bahrain.. 124.. 0.8830.. 0.6780 Bangladesh 58.. 0.8470.. 0.2530.. Benin.. 42.. 0.8870.. 0.4560 Brunei 71.. 0.8610.. 0.6260.. Burkina Faso.. 53.. 0.8220.. 0.6020 Cameroon 100 89 0.8280 0.8490 0.4890 0.4630 Chad............ Comoros............ Cote d'ivoire.. 138.. 0.8270.. 0.4300 Djibouti 17.. 0.8390.. 0.5450.. Egypt 150 175 0.7020 0.7040 0.2440 0.2510 Gabon............ Gambia............ Guinea.. 32.. 0.9300.. 0.5470 Guinea-Bissau............ Indonesia 196 227 0.6710 0.5050 0.2670 0.1200 Iran.. 187.. 0.8390.. 0.8340 Iraq............ Jordan 145 176 0.7010 0.6450 0.3170 0.1590 Kazakhstan............ Kuwait 150.. 0.8580.. 0.9160.. Kyrgyz Republic.. 115.. 0.7820.. 0.3450 Lebanon.. 171.. 0.6440.. 0.1260 Libya 54.. 0.6290.. 0.8200.. Malaysia 218 224 0.5790 0.5020 0.1840 0.2160 Maldives.. 10.. 0.5030.. 0.4230 Mali 22.. 0.9140.. 0.6690.. Mauritania............ Morocco 148 172 0.7520 0.7330 0.1620 0.1610 Mozambique............ Niger.. 38.. 0.9130.. 0.4710 Oman 117 164 0.8370 0.7540 0.8840 0.6580 Pakistan 157 178 0.8310 0.8070 0.2240 0.2200 Palestine............ Qatar 99 117 0.8310 0.8470 0.7520 0.5500 Saudi Arabia 190 206 0.8340 0.8590 0.7350 0.8510 Senegal 106 122 0.8210 0.7510 0.2510 0.2900 Sierra-Leone.. 12.. 0.7030.. 0.8570 Somalia............ Sudan.. 54.. 0.8150.. 0.5890 Suriname 18.. 0.9410.. 0.7290.. Syria 85 99 0.7880 0.8110 0.3600 0.6340 Tajikistan............ Togo 47 59 0.8930 0.8560 0.4680 0.3180 Tunisia 177 190 0.6640 0.6360 0.2030 0.1860 Turkey 205 222 0.6640 0.5620 0.1170 0.0940 Turkmenistan............ Uganda.. 89.. 0.8510.. 0.2880 United Arab Emirates 198.. 0.5430.. 0.0990.. Uzbekistan............ Yemen Republic............ IDB MCs -- -- -- -- -- -- Memo: OIC Countries -- -- -- -- -- -- LDCs 37 69 0.8940 0.8760 0.6000 0.5260 Developing Countries 190 210 0.6390 0.5450 0.2960 0.2340 High Income Countries 201 214 0.6120 0.5310 0.2960 0.2540 World 220 224 0.4370 0.4190 0.1470 0.1570 66
Table 3.13: Imports Concentration and Diversification Number of commodities imported Diversification Index Concentration Index Country 1990 2001 1990 2001 1990 2001 Afghanistan............ Albania.. 196.. 0.4640.. 0.0630 Algeria 197.. 0.5170.. 0.0730.. Azerbaijan.. 191.. 0.5330.. 0.1330 Bahrain.. 204.. 0.5270.. 0.3080 Bangladesh 185.. 0.5320.. 0.1110.. Benin.. 158.. 0.6000.. 0.1430 Brunei 175.. 0.4680.. 0.0820.. Burkina Faso.. 153.. 0.5620.. 0.1550 Cameroon 188 187 0.4840 0.4590 0.0780 0.1040 Chad............ Comoros............ Cote d'ivoire.. 195.. 0.5040.. 0.1590 Djibouti 140.. 0.5240.. 0.1030.. Egypt 212 215 0.4780 0.4800 0.0830 0.1050 Gabon............ Gambia............ Guinea.. 153.. 0.5910.. 0.1980 Guinea-Bissau............ Indonesia 227 230 0.3910 0.4680 0.0760 0.1190 Iran.. 201.. 0.4930.. 0.1280 Iraq............ Jordan 198 209 0.4350 0.3370 0.1280 0.1000 Kazakhstan............ Kuwait 181.. 0.4180.. 0.0790.. Kyrgyz Republic.. 176.. 0.5380.. 0.1360 Lebanon.. 216.. 0.3880.. 0.1170 Libya 200.. 0.4710.. 0.0640.. Malaysia 231 234 0.3790 0.4010 0.1190 0.2620 Maldives.. 146.. 0.4800.. 0.1000 Mali 148.. 0.5970.. 0.1730.. Mauritania............ Morocco 215 220 0.3920 0.3860 0.1190 0.0890 Mozambique............ Niger.. 146.. 0.6110.. 0.1440 Oman 188 216 0.4760 0.4210 0.1150 0.1090 Pakistan 198 219 0.4810 0.4960 0.1280 0.1590 Palestine............ Qatar 182 208 0.4760 0.3970 0.1400 0.0840 Saudi Arabia 227 227 0.4060 0.3590 0.0930 0.0870 Senegal 193 196 0.4190 0.4930 0.1000 0.2200 Sierra-Leone.. 135.. 0.6840.. 0.3710 Somalia............ Sudan.. 191.. 0.4790.. 0.0860 Suriname 146.. 0.5090.. 0.1620.. Syria 189 178 0.5440 0.5200 0.0900 0.0980 Tajikistan............ Togo 165 134 0.5280 0.6220 0.1090 0.1550 Tunisia 214 220 0.3980 0.3800 0.0700 0.0790 Turkey 225 228 0.3540 0.3310 0.1290 0.0780 Turkmenistan............ Uganda.. 176.. 0.4960.. 0.1410 United Arab Emirates 223.. 0.3730.. 0.0630.. Uzbekistan............ Yemen Republic............ IDB MCs -- -- -- -- -- -- Memo: OIC Countries -- -- -- -- -- -- LDCs 165 178 0.5200 0.5450 0.1220 0.1350 Developing Countries 218 225 0.4040 0.3900 0.1030 0.1390 High Income Countries 223 228 0.3760 0.3670 0.0950 0.1320 World 230 232 0.2680 0.2630 0.0840 0.1030 67
Table 3.14: Balance of Payments Goods and Services Net Income Net current transfer Current account balance (US $ millions) Exports Imports (US $ millions) (US $ millions) (US $ millions) Country 1990 2003 1990 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 1990 2000 2003 Afghanistan.......................... Albania 354 1,167 485 2,586-2 107 170 15 533 842-118 -156-407 Algeria 13,462.. 10,106.. -2,268.... 333.... 1,420.... Azerbaijan.. 3,057.. 4,770.. -335-442.. 73 134.. -168-2,021 Bahrain 4,119 7,758 3,999 5,950 222-224 -536-272 -990-1,340 70 830-68 Bangladesh 2,064 7,907 3,960 11,060-116 -266-223 1,613 2,420 3,558-398 -306 183 Benin 364.. 454.. -25-12.. 97 111.. -18-81.. Brunei.......................... Burkina Faso 349 408 758 945 0-20 -30 332 122 118-77 -319-449 Cameroon 2,508.. 2,475.. -558.... -26.... -551.... Chad 271.. 488.. -21.... 192.... -46.... Comoros 35.. 89.. -1.... 45.... -10.... Cote d'ivoire 3,503 6,557 3,445 5,048-1,091-653 -687-181 -330-469 -1,214-241 353 Djibouti.......................... Egypt 9,895 20,060 14,091 19,662-1,022 888-253 7,545 4,172 3,599 2,327-971 3,743 Gabon 2,730.. 1,812.. -617.... -134.... 168.... Gambia 168.. 192.. -11.... 59.... 23.... Guinea 829 743 953 952-149 -78-112 70 75 135-203 -140-185 Guinea-Bissau 26 71 88 86-22.. -10 39.... -45.... Indonesia 29,295 68,547 27,511 56,663-5,190-8,443-6,217 418 1,816 1,869-2,988 7,992 7,534 Iran 19,741 40,254 22,292 39,320 378-200 2,195 2,500 457-1,065 327 12,645 2,063 Iraq.......................... Jordan 2,511 4,575 3,569 6,841-214 135 122 1,045 2,184 3,107-227 59 963 Kazakhstan.. 15,040.. 13,170.. -1,142-1,744.. 249-165.. 676-39 Kuwait 8,268 22,875 7,169 16,254 7,738 6,699 3,325-4,951-1,956-2,379 3,886 14,672 7,567 Kyrgyz Republic.. 745.. 821.. -84-62.. 87 112.. -79-26 Lebanon 511 3,687 2,836 7,426 622 331-788 1,818 551 1,144 115-3,046-3,382 Libya 11,468.. 8,960.. 174.... -481.... 2,201.... Malaysia 32,665 118,577 31,765 96,820-1,872-7,608-5,928 102-1,924-2,447-870 8,488 13,381 Maldives 179 584 159 535-14 -30-37 4-27 -42 10-51 -30 Mali 420 990 830 1,213-37 -98.. 225 126.. -221-237.. Mauritania 471.. 520.. -46.... 86.... -10.... Morocco 6,239 14,250 7,783 15,978-988 -864-792 2,336 2,483 4,102-196 -475 1,582 Mozambique 229 1,184 996 1,776-97 -192-166 448 231 242-415 -764-516 Niger 533.. 728.. -54.... 14.... -236.... Oman 5,577 12,127 3,342 8,145-254 -694-863 -874-1,451-1,672 1,106 3,263 1,446 Pakistan 6,835 14,837 10,205 15,272-1,084-2,218-2,225 2,794 4,162 6,233-1,661-85 3,573 Palestine.......................... Qatar.......................... Saudi Arabia 47,445 100,715 43,939 54,713 7,979 480-1,285-15,637-15,511-14,903-4,152 14,336 29,815 Senegal 1,453 1,854 1,840 2,726-129 -111-20 153 214 459-363 -332-433 Sierra-Leone 210 177 215 404-71 -5-15 7 88 163-69 -112-80 Somalia.......................... Sudan 499 2,579 877 3,366-136 -575-869 141 237 718-372 -518-939 Suriname 869 547 840 653-15 6-49 53-2 -5 67 32-159 Syria 5,030 7,093 2,955 6,236-401 -879-857 88 485 752 1,762 1,061 752 Tajikistan.. 782.. 1,033.. -57-89.. 36 299.. -63-41 Togo 663 673 847 901-32 -29-9 132 68.. -84-140.. Tunisia 5,203 10,964 6,039 11,909-455 -942-1,093 828 825 1,307-463 -821-730 Turkey 21,042 70,292 25,524 73,797-2,508-4,002-5,427 4,365 4,774 1,027-2,625-9,819-7,905 Turkmenistan.. 3,726.. 3,243.. -177-81.. 166 42.. 412 444 Uganda 178 858 686 1,765-48 -112-176 293 499 766-263 -359-316 U.A.E.......................... Uzbekistan.. 3,775.. 3,096.. -219-116.. 13 319.. 216 882 Yemen Republic 1,490 4,252 2,170 4,561-372 -777-909 1,790 1,399 1,367 739 1,337 149 IDB MCs 249,697 574,284 257,989 499,695-2,809-22,403-26,296 7,425 6,465 7,926-3,677 46,735 56,702 Memo: OIC Countries 264,247 574,982 264,898 500,472-5,547-22,461-26,348 7,509 6,512 7,967 1,311 46,620 56,612 LDCs 19,830 49,979 32,235 65,623-2,887................ Dev'ping Cont. 753,768 2,377,574 727,891 2,209,363-65,412-120,544-132,287............ Developed Cont. 3,538,257 6,893,753 3,570,269 7,019,221.................. World 4,299,347 9,272,788 4,313,731 9,230,166-58,931-78,515-67,944............ 68
Table 3.15: International Reserves and Ratio to Imports Gross International Reserves* (US $ millions) In months of Imports (months) Country 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Afghanistan 266.......... 4.1.......... Albania........................ Algeria 725 2,005 12,024 18,081 23,237 33,125 1.0 2.5 15.3 21.2 24.6 33.3 Azerbaijan........................ Bahrain 1,235 1,280 1,564 1,684 1,726 1,778 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.2 Bangladesh 629 2,340 1,486 1,275 1,683 2,578 2.1 4.3 2.1 1.9 2.4 3.4 Benin 65 198 458 578 616 510 3.1 3.4 9.0 10.8 10.4 8.2 Brunei........................ Burkina Faso 300 347 244 261 313 435 6.8 7.6 4.6 4.5 4.7 6.1 Cameroon 26 4 212 332 630 640 0.2 0.0 1.5 2.2 3.8 3.6 Chad 128 143 111 122 219 187 5.7 4.9 2.7 1.8 2.9 2.7 Comoros 30 44 43 62 80 94 6.5 9.0 6.1 8.2 9.8 10.1 Cote d'ivoire 4 529 668 1,019 1,863 2,230 0.0 2.2 3.3 5.0 7.7 8.1 Djibouti 94 72 68 70 74 100 5.2 4.9 5.5 5.5 5.6 7.8 Egypt 2,684 16,181 13,118 12,926 13,242 13,589 2.6 15.7 11.8 12.3 11.6 11.0 Gabon 274 148 190 10 140 197 3.7 1.9 2.5 0.1 1.5 2.0 Gambia 55 106 109 106 107.. 3.4 5.8 8.2 9.0 3.9.. Guinea.. 87 148 200 171.... 1.4 2.9 3.8 1.5.. Guinea-Bissau 18 20 67 69 103 164 2.7 2.2 14.4 13.9 19.4 28.7 Indonesia 7,459 13,708 28,502 27,246 30,969 34,962 3.8 3.9 10.6 11.6 11.1 10.1 Iran........................ Iraq........................ Jordan 849 1,973 3,331 3,062 3,976 5,194 4.0 5.9 8.5 7.5 8.6 10.3 Kazakhstan........................ Kuwait 1,952 3,561 7,082 9,897 9,208 7,577 5.4 5.3 11.3 14.1 11.2 8.4 Kyrgyz Republic........................ Lebanon 660 4,533 5,944 5,014 7,244 12,519 2.5 7.3 10.5 8.8 12.8 21.0 Libya 5,839.. 12,461 14,801 14,307 19,584 13.1.. 36.4 35.0 28.2 36.3 Malaysia 9,754 23,774 29,523 30,474 34,222 44,515 3.6 3.7 4.5 4.8 5.1 6.5 Maldives 24 48 123 93 133 159 2.0 2.0 3.8 2.8 3.7 4.1 Mali 191 323 381 349 594 909 4.3 5.0 6.9 5.7 7.6 9.6 Mauritania 54 85 280 284 396 415 2.1 2.1 9.6 9.4 13.4 14.1 Morocco 2,067 3,601 4,823 8,474 10,133 13,851 3.6 4.4 5.1 8.9 9.2 11.4 Mozambique 233 195 725 716 819 998 3.1 3.2 7.8 7.1 7.2 8.8 Niger 222 95 80 107 134 114 7.2 2.8 2.5 3.3 3.4 2.5 Oman 1,672 1,831 2,380 2,365 3,173 3,593 6.8 5.0 5.3 4.8 6.1 6.6 Pakistan 296 1,733 1,513 3,640 8,078 10,941 0.4 1.8 1.7 4.1 8.0 10.1 Palestine........................ Qatar 631 744 1,158 1,313 1,567 2,944 4.4 2.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 6.8 Saudi Arabia 11,668 8,622 19,585 17,596 20,610 22,620 5.3 3.7 7.6 6.6 7.4 7.8 Senegal 11 272 384 447 637 795 0.1 2.3 2.8 2.9 3.5 3.9 Sierra-Leone 5 35 49 51 85 67 0.4 2.4 3.6 2.8 3.6 2.6 Somalia........................ Sudan 11 163 247 118 441 848 0.2 1.4 1.5 0.6 2.3 4.9 Suriname 21 133 63 119 106 106 0.5 2.9 1.9 2.7 2.2 2.1 Syria........................ Tajikistan........................ Togo 353 130 152 126 205 182 8.3 2.5 3.7 2.8 3.5 2.6 Tunisia 795 1,605 1,811 1,989 2,290 2,945 1.8 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.2 Turkey 6,050 12,442 22,488 18,879 27,069 33,991 3.3 3.8 5.6 5.0 5.6 6.2 Turkmenistan........................ Uganda 44 459 808 983 934 1,080 2.2 4.9 6.2 8.7 9.5 10.4 U.A.E 4,584 7,471 13,523 14,146 15,219 15,088 4.4 4.1 4.8 5.5 5.2 4.7 Uzbekistan........................ Yemen Republic 422 619 2900 3658 4411 4987 2.8 4.1 15.0 17.9 18.7 19.7 IDB MCs 62,398 111,660 190,827 202,745 241,165 296,614 3.7 4.2 6.7 7.2 7.7 8.7 Memo: OIC Countries 83,533 196,734 216,494 229,797 268,313 328,699 3.7 4.2 6.7 7.2 7.7 8.7 LDCs 50,305 133,663 283,875 343,023 451,023 614,031 3.3 4.1 4.9 5.8 6.4 6.3 Developing C 321,960 665,415 1,043,504 1,135,495 1,344,070 1,693,621 4.8 5.3 6.9 7.6 8.1 9.4 Developed C 198,900 331,504 551,822 571,702 643,724 777,968 5.5 5.0 6.9 7.5 8.0 9.2 World 1,268,634 2,099,738 2,227,526 2,346,681 2,775,325 3,465,862 3.5 4.8 7.4 8.3 8.9 10.6 *includes gold 69
Table 3.16: Debt Indicators Indebtness Category Present value of debt Total External Debt Debt Service % of % of (US $ billion) % of GNI % of XGS % of GNI % of XGS Country GNI XGS 2003 2003 2003 1990 2003 1990 2003 1990 2003 1990 2003 1990 2003 Afghanistan.......................... Albania L 20 90.. 1.5.. 23.6.. 127.0.. 0.6.. 2.6 Algeria L 40.. 28.1 23.4 47.0 36.2 193.5 90.0 14.3 5.9 63.4.. Azerbaijan L 23 49.. 1.7.. 25.1.. 55.0.. 1.6.. 7.5 Bahrain.............. 0.0.......... Bangladesh L 25 176 12.4 18.8 40.4 34.3 674.4 254.5 1.6 1.1 25.8 6.0 Benin M 28.. 1.3 1.8 71.5 53.0 489.9 374.4 1.8 1.4 8.2.. Brunei.......................... Burkina Faso M 19 202 0.8 1.8 26.8 44.1 236.8 517.0 0.9 1.1 6.8 11.2 Cameroon M 53.. 6.7 9.2 62.4 78.2 295.8 288.2 3.0 2.7 20.5.. Chad S 45.. 0.5 1.5 30.7 64.2 225.4 326.7 0.4 1.4 4.4.. Comoros.............. 525.6 711.9.... 2.3.. Cote d'ivoire S 90 176 17.3 12.2 187.3 93.8 504.2 190.1 5.7 2.3 35.4 8.5 Djibouti.......................... Egypt L 31 152 33.0 31.4 78.6 38.2 381.8 175.5 5.9 2.7 20.4 11.7 Gabon S 89.. 4.0 3.8 74.6 72.8 145.3 100.3 1.9 6.8 6.4.. Gambia S 90.. 0.4 0.6 126.6 170.1 194.5 391.0 10.4 5.2 22.2.. Guinea S 59 238 2.5 3.5 92.9 96.1 284.7 432.5 5.6 3.2 20.0 15.1 Guinea-Bissau S 246 736 0.7 0.7 296.6 326.6 2859.9 1052.4 2.4 4.3 31.0 16.2 Indonesia S 82 204 69.9 134.4 64.0 67.5 241.1 206.5 6.8 3.7 33.3 26.0 Iran L 8 30 9.0 11.6 7.5 8.4 34.1 33.4 0.2 1.1 3.2 3.8 Iraq.......................... Jordan S 84 164 8.3 8.3 219.0 85.2 334.8 189.8 14.5 10.6 20.4 16.4 Kazakhstan S 95 184.. 22.8.. 81.5.. 152.3.. 1.6.. 34.5 Kuwait.......................... Kyrgyz Republic S 98 241.. 2.0.. 109.4.. 278.4.. 1.3.. 16.0 Lebanon S 110 603 1.8 18.6 51.4 102.6 348.1 732.3 1.1 15.8 3.3 66.1 Libya.......................... Malaysia M 56 45 15.3 49.1 36.4 50.2 46.7 41.4 8.7 5.8 12.6 7.8 Maldives.............. 148.3 46.1.... 4.8 3.6 Mali L 42.. 2.5 3.1 102.6 75.3 594.4 274.4 1.8 1.3 12.3.. Mauritania M 73.. 2.1 2.4 196.4 203.6 454.1 637.0 10.9 3.8 29.8.. Morocco L 47 136 25.0 18.8 100.7 43.7 366.3 132.9 5.9 8.7 21.5 23.5 Mozambique L 38 121 4.7 4.9 200.4 120.0 2309.8 501.3 2.2 1.3 26.2 6.9 Niger M 26.. 1.7 2.1 71.2 77.9 463.4 483.3 0.7 0.7 17.4.. Oman L.. 32 2.7 3.9 26.6.. 49.2.. 6.9.. 12.3 10.3 Pakistan M 41 234 20.7 36.3 49.5 45.4 332.4 261.1 3.3 2.4 21.3 16.0 Palestine.......................... Qatar.......................... Saudi Arabia.............. 0.0.......... Senegal L 36 114 3.7 4.4 68.0 69.0 257.9 239.2 3.8 3.0 20.0 10.4 Sierra-Leone S 118 697 1.2 1.6 206.3 211.2 820.6 905.1 2.8 3.0 10.1 12.4 Somalia S.... 2.4 2.8 283.8.. 2642.5.. 0.8...... Sudan S 120 799 14.8 17.5 119.2 107.0.. 604.8 0.2 0.0 8.7 0.9 Suriname.......................... Syria S 111 271 17.3 21.6 144.4 104.6 494.8 249.3 9.3 1.1 21.8 4.2 Tajikistan S 77 127.. 1.2.. 79.7.. 141.0.. 3.0.. 9.1 Togo S 91 233 1.3 1.7 80.2 100.5 234.9 287.1 3.8 0.0 11.9 1.9 Tunisia M 75 155 7.7 15.5 64.7 64.7 143.6 143.6 10.3 6.3 24.5 13.0 Turkey S 81 251 49.4 145.7 32.5 61.1 246.9 221.3 4.3 5.2 29.4 38.5 Turkmenistan M........................ Uganda M 33 241 2.6 4.6 61.1 73.8 828.5 585.6 2.0 0.9 81.4 7.1 U.A.E.......................... Uzbekistan M 47 142.. 5.0.. 50.9.. 132.6.. 7.4.. 21.3 Yemen Rep L 40 95 6.4 5.4 132.6 53.5 921.5 159.1 2.3 1.5 5.6 3.1 IDB MCs 58.1 -- -- 657.2 -- 43.0 133.7 115.2 -- 3.9 -- -- Memo: OIC Countries 58.8 -- -- 692.2 -- 44.0 140.0 115.7 -- 3.9 -- -- LDCs................ 3.2 2.8.... Developing Countries.... 1,337.0 2,554.1 34.2 36.6 162.4 119.8 3.4 3.1 15.6 8.7 Developed Countries........................ World........................ * S=severely indebted, M=moderatetely indebted, L=less indebted. 70
Table 3.17: Net Financial Flows Net Resource Flows Official development Net Foreign Direct assistance and official aid Investment (US $ million) (US $ million) (US $ million) Country 1990 2001 2002 2003 1990 2001 2002 2003 1990 2001 2002 2003 Afghanistan 129 390 1,285 1,535 131 408 1,285 1,533........ Albania 42 345 322 377 11 270 309 342 0 207 135 178 Algeria 511 93-270 2,239 132 224 329 232-4...... Azerbaijan.. 490 686 1,531.. 232 349 297.. 227 1,067 2,352 Bahrain 119 2,602 168 178 137 18 71 38-208 -136 27-225 Bangladesh 2,167 985 895 1,279 2,095 1,030 913 1,393 3 79 50 97 Benin 243 291 235 299 268 274 216 294 62 42.... Brunei -7 22-124 -89 3.88 0-2 0.5........ Burkina Faso 347 391 490 468 331 392 473 451 0 8.... Cameroon 619 306 1,110 562 446 487 609 884-128...... Chad 315 201 247 305 314 187 229 247 0...... Comoros 45 16-105 26 45 27 32 24-1...... Cote d'ivoire 796-101 884 199 688 170 1,069 252 48 273 213.. Djibouti 192 71 94 97 194 58 78 78........ Egypt 3,303 3,163 1,959 1,651 5,430 1,257 1,239 894 722 498 619 217 Gabon 263 46-165 169 132 9 72-11 45...... Gambia 108 46 47 56 99 54 61 60 0...... Guinea 284 230 232 229 293 282 250 238.. 2 30 79 Guinea-Bissau 135 59 60 93 129 59 59 145 0 1 3.. Indonesia 3,526 104 16 1,769 1,722 1,471 1,308 1,743 1,093-2,977 145.. Iran 702 1,621 3,128 3,897 105 117 116 133 0...... Iraq -1,039 137 85 2,205 63 122 116 2,265........ Jordan 1,087 446 749 1,272 888 433 520 1,234 69 91 31 376 Kazakhstan.. 1,866 1,744 1,004.. 148 188 268.. 2,861 2,157 2,210 Kuwait -135 380 188-172 6 4 5 4-239 -512 161 4,923 Kyrgyz Republic.. 157 122 196.. 189 186 198.. -1 5 46 Lebanon 183-539 486 1,383 252 243 453 228 0 1,518 1,766 2,038 Libya -40-19 118-29 19 10 10 10 54...... Malaysia 1,630 383 3,501 446 469 27 86 109 2,332 287 1,299 1,104 Maldives 38 38 52 35 21 25 27 18 6 12 12 14 Mali 474 333 330 540 482 354 467 528 6 104 242.. Mauritania 219 260 306 219 237 268 345 243 7...... Morocco 1,620 273 251 1,640 1,049 519 487 523 165 2,728 452 2,295 Mozambique 1,051 1,057 1,942 854 1,003 933 2,054 1,033 9 255 348 337 Niger 382 229 194 481 396 257 298 453 41...... Oman 100-414 -77-51 61 2 41 45 142 83 24 138 Pakistan 1,718 1,764 1,875 354 1,129 1,948 2,138 1,068 243 352 795 516 Palestine.. 812 1,580 958.. 870 1,616 972........ Qatar 14-259 -151 449 2 1 2.2 2........ Saudi Arabia 558 540-512 -352 40 27 27 22 1,864 20-615 -587 Senegal 759 456 541 531 818 413 445 450 66 39 44.. Sierra-Leone 64 343 353 289 61 345 353 297 32.. 2 3 Somalia 488 153 197 180 494 150 194 175........ Sudan 740 173 423 600 822 185 351 621 0.... 1,349 Suriname 128 12 62 0 62 23 12 11-77.. -74-76 Syria 741-24 3 116 683 155 81 160 0 110 115 1,084 Tajikistan.. 167 165 128.. 170 168 144.. 9 36 20 Togo 257 43 60 63 260 44 51 45 18 71 51.. Tunisia 618 1,020 618 563 391 378 265 306 77 457 794 539 Turkey 2,043 1,416-1,171 302 1,208 169 411 166 700 2,768 862 1,063 Turkmenistan.. 43-242 -61.. 72 41 27.. 170 276 226 Uganda 665 757 629 964 668 793 638 959 0 151 187 194 United Arab Emirates -168 832 2,278 110 4 3 4 5........ Uzbekistan.. 239 102 180.. 153 189 194.. 83 65 70 Yemen Republic 331 496 759 394 405 461 584 243.. 155 114-89 IDB MCs 28,364 24,940 28,753 32,661 24,698 16,916 21,917 22,295 7,149 -- -- -- Memo: OIC countries 28,693 26,142 31,145.. 25,125 17,198 22,296 22,699 7,737 -- -- -- LDCs 17,493 15,193 15,351 27,211 15,929...... 374...... Developing Countries 82,968 112,960 68,544 94,065 57,536 57,691 65,326 76,184 21,566 158,028 135,301.. High Income C. 107 2,602 168 178 2,397 1,028 1,722 1,269........ World........ 59,933 58,719 67,048 77,453-41,430 70,613.... 71
Table 3.18: Investment Climate Survey Year Policy uncertainty Courts Crime administration Finance Electricity Major constraint % Major Constraint % Lack confidence courts uphold property rights % Major constrai nt % Tax rates as major constraint % Regulation and tax Time dealing with officials % of manageme nt time Average time to clear customs days Major constrai nt % Major constraint % Skills Regulation Afghanistan...................... Albania 2002 49 32.9 50.6 21.2 37.1 14 2.4 20.1 57.1 13.2 7.3 Algeria 2003.... 27.3.. 44.8.. 21.6 51.3 11.5 25.5 12.9 Azerbaijan 2002 7 4.4 31.0 2.6 18.8 7 2.6 12.3 20.2 4.5 1.3 Bahrain...................... Bangladesh 2002 45.. 83.0 39.4 35.8 5 11.5 45.7 73.2 19.8 10.8 Benin...................... Brunei...................... Burkina Faso...................... Cameroon...................... Chad...................... Comoros Cote d'ivoire...................... Djibouti Egypt...................... Gabon...................... Gambia...................... Guinea...................... Guinea-Bissau...................... Indonesia 2004 48 24.7 40.8 22.0 29.5 15 5.8 23.0 22.3 18.9 25.9 Iran...................... Iraq...................... Jordan...................... Kazakhstan 2002 19 4.0 48.5 8.4 13.8 15 5.3 14.1 3.6 6.3 0.8 Kuwait...................... Kyrgyz Rep. 2002/03 35 15.7 66.3 18.5 32.5 13 3.3 27.7 4.7 7.7 4.5 Lebanon...................... Libya...................... Malaysia 2003 22.. 19.1 11.4 21.7 10 3.7 17.8 14.8 25.0 14.5 Maldives...................... Mali...................... Mauritania...................... Morocco 2001............ 2.7........ Mozambique...................... Niger...................... Oman...................... Pakistan 2002 40.. 62.6 21.5 45.6 11 17.1 40.1 39.2 12.8 15.0 Palestine...................... Qatar...................... Saudi Arabia...................... Senegal 2004 31 13.3 40.5 15.4 50.8 14 6.5 60.0 30.7 18.5 16.3 Sierra Leone Labor Major constraint % 72
Table 3.19: Business Environment Starting a business No. of start-up procedures Time required days Registering Property No. of procedures Time required days Index of borrower and lender legal rights 0 (less access) to 10 (more access) Getting credit Public registry coverage (borrowers per 1,000 adults) Private bureau coverage (borrowers per 1,000 adults) Hiring & Enforcing Protecting Closing firing workers contracts investors a business Rigidity of employment index 0 (less) to 100 (more) No. of procedures Time required days Disclosure index 0 (less ) to 10 (more) Time to resolve insolvency years Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 Afghanistan........................ Albania 11 47 7 47 9 0 0 30 39 390 3 4.0 Algeria 14 26 16 52 3 0 0 55 49 407 2 3.5 Azerbaijan 14 123 7 61 6 0 0 38 25 267 2 2.7 Bahrain Bangladesh 8 35...... 7 0 24 29 365 3 4.0 Benin 8 32 3 50 4 2 0 61 49 570 1 3.1 Brunei Burkina Faso 13 135 8 107 4 2 0 90 41 458.. 4.0 Cameroon 12 37 5 93 4 1 0 74 58 585 1 3.2 Chad 19 75 6 44 3 0 0 80 52 526.. 10.0 Comoros Cote d'ivoire 11 58 7 340 2 2 0 69 28 525 2 2.2 Djibouti Egypt 13 43 7 193 0 102 0 53 55 410 2 4.2 Gabon........................ Gambia........................ Guinea 13 49 6 104 2 0 0 59 44 306 4 3.8 Guinea-Bissau........................ Indonesia 12 151 6 33 5 4 0 57 34 570 4 6.0 Iran 9 48 9 36 5.. 0 40 23 545 2 4.5 Iraq........................ Jordan 11 36 8 22 6 5 0 34 43 342 3 4.3 Kazakhstan 9 25 8 52 5 0 0 27 41 400 5 3.3 Kuwait 13 35 8 75 5 0 166 20 52 390 1 4.2 Kyrgyz Rep. 8 21 7 15 8 0 0 38 46 492 3 3.5 Lebanon 6 46 8 25 4 31 0 28 39 721 1 4.0 Libya........................ Malaysia 9 30 4 143 8 339 676 3 31 300 5 2.3 Maldives Mali 13 42 5 44 3 1 0 66 28 340.. 3.6 Mauritania 11 82 4 49 7 2 0 70 28 410.. 8.0 Morocco 5 11 3 82 2 6 0 70 17 240 4 1.8 Mozambique 14 153 7 33 4 5 0 64 38 580 2 5.0 Niger 11 27 5 49 4 1 0 90 33 330 1 5.0 Oman 9 34 4 16 3 0 0 35 41 455 1 7.0 Pakistan 11 24 5 49 4 2 3 49 46 395 4 2.8 Palestine........................ Qatar Saudi Arabia 12 64 4 4.. 1 0 13 44 360 2 2.8 Senegal 9 57 6 114 3 3 0 64 36 485 1 3.0 73
Table 3.20: Private Sector Investment Domestic credit to private Investment in infrastructure projects with private participation sector Water Telecommunications Energy Transport and sanitation % of GDP US $ millions US$ millions US$ millions US$ millions 1990 2003 1990-95 1996-2003 1990-95 1996-2003 1990-95 1996-2003 1990-95 1996-2003 Afghanistan...... 70.0............ Albania.. 7.8.. 283.2.. 8.0........ Algeria 44.4 11.4.. 1,164.5 2,300.0.......... Azerbaijan 10.8 6.7 14.0 245.6.. 375.2........ Bahrain Bangladesh 16.7 28.8 146.0 1,049.4.. 1,056.4........ Benin 20.3 14.5.. 90.4............ Brunei Burkina Faso 16.8 14.0.. 36.6.. 5.6........ Cameroon 26.7 10.2.. 266.1.. 91.9 30.8 95.0.... Chad 7.3 4.4.. 13.0............ Comoros Cote d'ivoire 36.5 13.6.. 827.4 147.2 223.0.. 178.0.... Djibouti Egypt 30.6 61.5.. 3,247.4.. 1,378.0.. 1,057.2 6.0.. Gabon 13.0 10.8.. 35.0.. 624.8.. 46.7.... Gambia 11.0 16.7.. 6.6............ Guinea 3.5 4.0 45.0 75.3 36.4.......... Guinea-Bissau 22.0 1.9.... 23.2.......... Indonesia 46.9 24.2 3,549.0 10,481.0 3,202.5 7,534.7 1,204.9 2,314.6 3.8 919.5 Iran 32.5 35.3 5.0 28.0............ Iraq.................... Jordan 72.3 71.7 43.0 967.9...... 182.0.. 169.0 Kazakhstan.. 22.9 30.0 2,027.0.. 2,125.0...... 40.0 Kuwait 52.1 79.8................ Kyrgyz Rep... 4.8.. 94.0............ Lebanon 79.4 83.1 100.0 573.8...... 150.0.... Libya 31.0 18.0................ Malaysia 108.5 141.3 2,630.0 3,590.8 6,909.5 4,210.0 4,657.6 9,605.1 3,986.7 1,105.5 Maldives Mali 12.8 19.2.. 42.7 0.1 747.0........ Mauritania 43.5 31.7.. 99.6............ Morocco 34.0 56.0.. 3,643.0 2,300.0 5,868.9...... 1,000.0 Mozambique 17.6 2.2.. 44.0.. 1,200.0.. 959.7.. 0.6 Niger 12.3 5.2.. 52.7.......... 4.9 Oman 22.9 38.6.... 204.5 1,001.3.. 551.3.... Pakistan 27.7 25.7 602.0 500.0 3,417.3 2,519.7 299.6 148.7.... Palestine.... 65.0 410.6.. 150.0...... 9.5 Qatar Saudi Arabia 54.7 55.4.. 4,080.0...... 245.0.. 52.0 Senegal 26.5 20.8.. 606.0.. 124.0...... 6.3 Sierra-Leone 3.2 5.0.. 23.5............ Somalia...... 2.0............ S d 48 60 60 74
Table 3.21a: Net Approvals of IDB Group in ID million (1396H-1425H) (1-01-1976 -- 09-02-2005) * Country Loan Leasing Installment Equity Combined lines Profit Sharing Istisna a Others Tech. Assist. Sale of financing (Musharaka) (TA) Afghanistan 20.00.............. 0.29 Albania 40.90.... 3.62........ 0.38 Algeria 30.36 120.64 204.93 3.00.... 132.66.. 4.22 Azerbaijan 58.13.. 22.03.. 4.68.. 16.92.. 1.30 Bahrain 10.52 226.06 13.97 21.96.... 57.91 113.03 0.85 Bangladesh 197.02 54.56 3.11 30.33 7.04...... 0.80 Benin 72.33.. 3.28...... 12.84.. 4.30 Brunei.. 31.87....... 3.88.... Burkina Faso 152.35.. 3.60 5.42.... 6.00.. 8.90 Cameroon 71.98 10.20.. 8.76.... 8.00.. 2.54 Chad 82.48 2.78............ 3.41 Comoros................ 0.10 Cote d'ivoire 26.11.......... 16.70.... Djibouti 30.71.. 8.18 0.50........ 1.44 Egypt 35.46 268.77 94.38 5.53 17.35...... 2.41 Gabon 21.95.. 39.30...... 69.07.. 2.06 Gambia 46.29.... 0.43........ 2.71 Guinea 141.22 27.59.. 6.37...... 7.04 Guinea-Bissau 1.40.............. 1.47 Indonesia 90.87 40.00 176.73 26.93... 126.70.. 0.38 Iran 7.66 137.30 107.96 11.38 27.50. 263.58 4.24 1.72 Iraq 22.73.. 4.10.. 10.00...... 0.10 Jordan 48.33 228.67 65.14 36.09.. 6.74 33.42.. 3.90 Kazakhstan 21.70 8.77 19.58.. 11.00.. 22.00.. 1.20 Kuwait.. 52.30 1.46 45.63 7.00 24.03.... 1.11 Kyrgyz Rep 29.14.. 5.37.......... 1.02 Lebanon 39.99 138.07 60.08.. 4.68.. 189.31.. 0.68 Libya.. 157.04 89.70.. 7.20...... 2.18 Malaysia 27.87 81.41 148.18 48.87 55.00.... 66.74 0.68 Maldives 36.65.. 5.34.......... 0.98 Mali 156.42.............. 7.50 Mauritania 113.52.... 7.67 2.01...... 12.38 Morocco 84.64 3.53 72.17 21.96 2.17 3.06 253.91.. 2.49 Mozambique 48.27.............. 0.46 Niger 71.05.. 2.53 9.00 0.54...... 7.69 Oman 31.82 217.00 51.87 38.37.... 120.51.. 1.80 Pakistan 56.67 215.61 80.82 95.08.... 3.75 36.85 0.71 Palestine 36.56.... 0.35.... 2.07.. 2.69 Qatar.. 55.58 26.18.. 14.61 14.00 35.20 43.48 0.08 Saudi Arabia.. 155.43 17.69 77.80.. 30.90 9.50.. 1.82 Senegal 156.39 28.03 13.92 14.47.... 5.20.. 7.31 Sierra Leone 36.90.. 2.34.......... 3.50 Somalia 12.50...... 4.00 3.50.... 1.54 Sudan 130.41 77.01 11.75 13.90.... 20.12.. 2.14 Suriname 3.50.. 3.66...... 1.06.... Syria 34.87 160.39 31.38.......... 0.26 Tajikistan 62.26.............. 1.64 Togo 32.47.. 1.86.......... 0.89 Tunisia 69.21 9.34 139.95 11.86 32.12.. 75.92.. 0.64 Turkey 51.65 248.13 145.35 19.78 63.00.. 43.12 2.16 3.26 Turkmenistan 21.00.. 27.59...... 13.15.. 0.39 U.A.E.. 30.00 4.01 17.76.. 17.86 25.09.. 0.62 Uganda 12.48.. 9.90 1.38 11.50...... 2.01 Uzbekistan.. 10.25 36.35.. 10.20...... 0.27 Yemen Rep. 131.14 24.19 0.88 4.33........ 5.38 Regional.. 7.88.. 25.38 3.34...... 19.79 Special Prog....... 25.34...... 37.12.. Non-MCs...... 15.47........ 0.07 NET APPROVALs 2,717.82 2,828.40 1,756.62 654.69 294.95 100.09 1,567.59 303.61 145.46 GROSS APPROVALs 2,838.93 3,552.77 2,199.69 689.06 429.79 110.39 1,694.45 305.77 153.27 * Figures are net cancellation and include ICD, UIF, IBP, APIF and Treasury Operations. 75
Table 3.21b: Net Approvals of IDB Group in US$ million (1396H-1425H) (1-01-1976 -- 09-02-2005)* Country Loan Leasing Installment Equity Combined lines Profit Sharing Istisna a Others Tech. Assist. Sale of financing (Musharaka) (TA) Afghanistan 30.04.............. 0.42 Albania 56.57.... 5.00........ 0.54 Algeria 34.89 161.94 277.47 4.17.... 175.44.. 5.47 Azerbaijan 80.86.. 31.03.. 7.00.. 22.00.. 1.79 Bahrain 13.14 311.98 18.86 28.85.... 77.26 160.46 1.17 Bangladesh 265.75 67.75 4.36 44.85 9.25...... 1.08 Benin 95.17.. 4.60...... 17.65.. 5.01 Brunei.. 40.00........ 5.17.... Burkina Faso 202.27.. 4.81 6.60.... 8.68.. 10.96 Cameroon 91.94 13.69.. 10.63.... 10.53.. 3.11 Chad 110.00 3.84............ 4.43 Comoros................ 0.10 Cote d'ivoire 35.11.......... 22.12.... Djibouti 39.67.. 11.18 0.69........ 1.79 Egypt 45.20 377.57 125.99 7.85 20.00...... 3.19 Gabon 27.77.. 51.79...... 98.64.. 2.73 Gambia 61.48.... 0.60........ 3.52 Guinea 183.05 36.59.. 7.68........ 9.03 Guinea-Bissau 1.54.............. 1.80 Indonesia 119.99 57.92 246.33 35.78.... 172.67.. 0.53 Iran 10.82 190.30 146.37 15.90 36.75.. 360.15 6.38 2.30 Iraq 24.45.. 5.50.. 13.61...... 0.15 Jordan 61.42 307.33 84.94 45.49.. 10.14 45.09.. 5.14 Kazakhstan 29.66 13.16 27.40.. 14.70.. 29.71.. 1.64 Kuwait.. 72.00 2.00 63.33 10.00 33.06.... 1.55 Kyrgyz Rep 39.63.. 8.00.......... 1.39 Lebanon 53.69 191.41 81.53.. 7.00.. 252.84.. 0.88 Libya.. 221.39 111.64.. 10.00...... 2.91 Malaysia 33.04 110.68 190.82 70.56 68.85.... 93.04 0.95 Maldives 49.61.. 7.00.......... 1.27 Mali 204.33.............. 9.60 Mauritania 146.00.... 10.00 3.00...... 16.45 Morocco 110.19 4.52 98.18 25.66 2.73 3.31 350.48.. 3.33 Mozambique 65.27.............. 0.63 Niger 90.06.. 3.04 11.28 0.59...... 9.73 Oman 39.48 288.84 65.78 52.00.... 164.31.. 2.36 Pakistan 70.68 301.59 108.80 128.62.... 5.00 50.00 0.94 Palestine 49.30.... 0.50.... 3.10.. 3.74 Qatar.. 81.04 34.60.. 20.00 18.40 49.10 65.00 0.11 Saudi Arabia.. 215.14 23.96 114.93.. 41.93 13.67.. 2.50 Senegal 205.87 36.94 19.70 18.85.... 6.52.. 8.93 Sierra Leone 48.24.. 3.00.......... 4.08 Somalia 15.27...... 5.24 4.35.... 1.90 Sudan 176.28 101.19 15.81 19.30.... 27.09.. 2.86 Suriname 4.88.. 5.02...... 1.45.... Syria 44.96 211.87 42.87.......... 0.36 Tajikistan 84.29.............. 2.22 Togo 44.23.. 2.48.......... 1.20 Tunisia 84.09 9.97 188.22 13.27 44.18.. 99.19.. 0.86 Turkey 63.76 324.40 186.50 25.33 81.90.. 56.38 3.00 4.20 Turkmenistan 29.58.. 36.87...... 17.41.. 0.55 U.A.E.. 44.54 5.50 22.26.. 23.50 33.90.. 0.81 Uganda 16.29.. 13.22 2.00 13.50...... 2.34 Uzbekistan.. 15.32 53.73.. 15.00...... 0.38 Yemen Rep. 168.49 34.00 1.20 5.84........ 6.78 Regional.. 10.00.. 34.10 5.00...... 27.18 Special Prog....... 35.00...... 50.00.. Non-MCs...... 21.99........ 0.10 NET APPROVALs 3,558.25 3,856.85 2,350.09 888.89 388.30 134.69 2,125.54 427.88 188.96 GROSS APPROVALs 3,710.49 4,806.63 2,927.25 933.16 546.76 148.89 2,293.12 430.88 198.91 * Figures are net cancellation and include ICD, UIF, IBP, APIF and Treasury Operations. 76
Table 3.21c: Number of Projects approved by IDB Group (1396H-1425H) (1-01-1976 -- 09-02-2005) * Country Loan Leasing Installment Equity Combined lines Profit Sharing Istisna a Others Tech. Assist. Sale of financing (Musharaka) (TA) Afghanistan 2.............. 1 Albania 9.... 2........ 3 Algeria 5 11 20 1.... 6.. 8 Azerbaijan 8.. 3.. 3.. 1.. 7 Bahrain 3 17 1 6.... 2 25 5 Bangladesh 36 7 1 7 2...... 3 Benin 21.. 1...... 2.. 12 Brunei.. 2........ 1.... Burkina Faso 35.. 1 2.... 1.. 16 Cameroon 13 1.. 2.... 1.. 7 Chad 25 1............ 16 Comoros................ 1 Cote d'ivoire 4.......... 2.... Djibouti 15.. 3 3........ 7 Egypt 6 15 10 2 2...... 8 Gabon 5.. 4...... 4.. 4 Gambia 18.... 1........ 13 Guinea 35 4.. 3........ 18 Guinea-Bissau 1.............. 7 Indonesia 17 5 22 7.... 9.. 4 Iran 2 11 9 2 3.. 14 1 5 Iraq 4.. 1.. 1...... 1 Jordan 10 19 7 9.. 1 3.. 15 Kazakhstan 4 3 5.. 1.. 2.. 7 Kuwait.. 5 2 2 1 2.... 5 Kyrgyz Rep 6.. 1.......... 6 Lebanon 8 14 6.. 1.. 11.. 5 Libya.. 7 7.. 1...... 2 Malaysia 4 3 8 5 4.... 5 6 Maldives 14.. 1.......... 7 Mali 37.............. 19 Mauritania 29.... 1 1...... 25 Morocco 16 1 7 6 1 1 9.. 12 Mozambique 11.............. 3 Niger 21.. 1 2 1...... 21 Oman 6 15 5 3.... 5.. 6 Pakistan 11 16 8 12.... 1 1 4 Palestine 14.... 1.... 1.. 8 Qatar.. 6 4.. 2 1 2 3 1 Saudi Arabia.. 12 3 5.. 1 2.. 13 Senegal 33 3 2 3.... 1.. 19 Sierra Leone 14.. 1.......... 13 Somalia 4...... 1 1.... 6 Sudan 33 10 2 4.... 2.. 13 Suriname 1.. 1...... 1.... Syria 8 13 5.......... 2 Tajikistan 11.............. 9 Togo 6.. 2.......... 3 Tunisia 15 3 17 4 4.. 4.. 4 Turkey 5 30 16 24 4.. 3 1 3 Turkmenistan 3.. 4...... 1.. 2 U.A.E.. 6 2 5.. 2 4.. 5 Uganda 5.. 2 1 2...... 7 Uzbekistan.. 3 3.. 1...... 2 Yemen Rep. 25 3 1 4........ 17 Regional.. 1.. 5 1...... 69 Special Prog....... 3...... 1.. Non-MCs...... 4........ 1 NET APPROVALs 618 247 199 141 37 9 95 37 486 GROSS APPROVALs 647 319 255 148 62 10 103 38 523 * Figures are net cancellation and include ICD, UIF, IBP, APIF and Treasury Operations. 77
Table 3.22a: Net Trade Approvals and Special Assistance Operations of IDB Group in ID million (1396H- 1425H ) (1 January 1976 --09 Feb. 2005) Country T r a d e F i n a n c i n g Special Assist. Grand Total EFS ITFO UIF IBP APIF Treasury oper. ICD Oper. Afghanistan.............. 10.72 31.01 Albania.............. 0.96 45.86 Algeria 7.71 1580.43.. 17.79...... 4.49 2,106.22 Azerbaijan.............. 1.51 104.58 Bahrain 18.44 97.79.. 30.77........ 591.29 Bangladesh 4.81 1904.45 78.74 149.24 6.01 39.89.. 28.55 2,543.22 Benin.. 18.99.......... 1.29 131.83 Brunei................ 35.75 Burkina Faso.. 10.31.......... 8.13 194.71 Cameroon.............. 1.34 102.82 Chad.. 2.15.......... 9.86 119.09 Comoros.. 5.93.......... 0.73 6.76 Cote d'ivoire.............. 0.95 43.76 Djibouti.............. 1.42 42.24 Egypt 65.52 810.98 25.82 152.06.. 9.97.. 0.93 1,489.19 Gabon................ 150.04 Gambia.. 11.87.......... 1.65 62.95 Guinea.. 37.93.......... 5.99 226.13 Guinea-Bissau.. 11.59.......... 1.12 15.57 Indonesia 9.21 361.95 19.12 44.75 1.46.... 2.10 900.20 Iran 4.45 813.49 76.19 82.49 1.34 30.38.. 9.95 1,716.33 Iraq.. 263.77.. 1.15...... 3.63 305.48 Jordan 11.20 555.45.. 6.95...... 0.20 996.10 Kazakhstan.. 6.05 16.66 14.00.. 6.69.. 0.69 128.34 Kuwait 198.53 42.87.......... 6.47 379.40 Kyrgyz Rep.............. 1.19 36.72 Lebanon 13.35 59.67.. 17.52...... 5.26 528.62 Libya 1.55 228.45.......... 2.90 489.02 Malaysia 93.35 170.64.......... 8.81 701.54 Maldives.............. 0.32 43.29 Mali.. 45.73.......... 13.56 223.21 Mauritania.. 20.42.......... 9.61 165.60 Morocco 29.91 965.20.. 75.20.. 19.92.. 1.17 1,576.49 Mozambique.............. 1.77 50.50 Niger.. 99.35.......... 8.56 204.42 Oman.. 17.12.......... 0.38 478.86 Pakistan 6.35 2530.89 167.51 755.75...... 7.66 3,957.64 Palestine.............. 39.15 80.82 Qatar.. 3.34............ 192.46 Saudi Arabia 223.26 333.03 47.98 126.70 3.50 8.49 7.92 0.11 1,044.11 Senegal.. 107.64.......... 12.86 345.81 Sierra Leone.............. 2.37 45.12 Somalia.. 36.06.......... 5.78 63.38 Sudan 2.24 139.86.. 4.55.... 1.33 18.57 421.88 Suriname.. 7.39.......... 0.13 15.74 Syria 0.35 84.00........ 1.99 0.20 313.44 Tajikistan.............. 0.43 64.32 Togo.............. 1.37 36.58 Tunisia 81.13 595.11 15.51 16.50 1.34.... 3.27 1,051.89 Turkey 181.74 1745.22 46.56 278.32...... 17.02 2,862.81 Turkmenistan.............. 0.23 62.36 U.A.E 78.07 58.10.. 1.59.... 3.32.. 278.60 Uganda.. 10.62.. 0.72...... 3.07 51.66 Uzbekistan.............. 1.44 72.25 Yemen Rep... 346.40.......... 6.99 519.30 Regional.............. 30.71 87.10 Special Prog....... 14.85........ 77.30 Non-MCs.......... 27.58.. 157.06 200.18 NET APPR. 1,031.17 14,140.24 494.09 1,790.89 13.65 142.91 14.57 464.61 28,811.85 GROSS APPR. 1,431.14 16,053.95 494.09 1,906.92 13.65 142.91 14.57 464.61 32,918.91 78
Table 3.22b: Net Trade Approvals and Special Assistance Operations of IDB Group in US$ million (1396H- 1425H ) (1 January 1976 --09 Feb. 2005) Country T r a d e F i n a n c i n g Special Assist. Grand Total EFS ITFO UIF IBP APIF Treasury oper. ICD Oper. Afghanistan.............. 14.38 44.84 Albania.............. 1.30 63.41 Algeria 10.00 2012.91.. 24.30...... 5.65 2,712.23 Azerbaijan.............. 1.99 144.67 Bahrain 25.00 135.00.. 42.00........ 813.72 Bangladesh 6.44 2502.32 110.50 218.00 9.00 55.00.. 35.25 3,389.55 Benin.. 23.55.......... 1.40 175.67 Brunei................ 45.17 Burkina Faso.. 13.80.......... 8.64 255.76 Cameroon.............. 1.74 131.64 Chad.. 3.20.......... 10.75 159.51 Comoros.. 7.50.......... 0.88 8.48 Cote d'ivoire.............. 1.25 58.48 Djibouti.............. 1.87 55.20 Egypt 84.62 1122.84 36.00 204.00.. 15.00.. 1.20 2,043.45 Gabon................ 207.48 Gambia.. 14.04.......... 1.83 81.48 Guinea.. 48.80.......... 7.59 292.74 Guinea-Bissau.. 15.00.......... 1.25 19.59 Indonesia 12.50 485.00 25.00 60.50 2.00.... 3.22 1,221.43 Iran 6.00 1120.41 105.00 119.00 2.00 38.55.. 13.20 2,365.24 Iraq.. 299.77.. 1.50...... 4.85 349.83 Jordan 15.20 665.13.. 9.50...... 0.25 1,249.62 Kazakhstan.. 8.00 25.00 21.00.. 10.00.. 0.94 181.21 Kuwait 290.48 62.00.......... 7.51 541.93 Kyrgyz Rep.............. 1.67 50.69 Lebanon 17.27 78.50.. 24.00...... 7.29 714.41 Libya 2.24 297.52.......... 3.75 649.44 Malaysia 133.01 231.48.......... 11.45 943.88 Maldives.............. 0.50 58.38 Mali.. 69.22.......... 14.62 297.77 Mauritania.. 24.50.......... 10.94 210.88 Morocco 39.66 1233.00.. 103.90.. 25.00.. 1.50 2,061.41 Mozambique.............. 2.23 68.12 Niger.. 123.35.......... 9.82 256.46 Oman.. 22.00...... 0.00.. 0.50 635.27 Pakistan 10.00 3326.50 233.85 1060.69.. 0.00.. 10.47 5,307.14 Palestine.............. 50.14 106.77 Qatar.. 5.00............ 273.25 Saudi Arabia 300.76 459.44 71.50 178.31 5.25 12.76 11.82 0.13 1,452.10 Senegal.. 142.14.......... 14.21 453.16 Sierra Leone.............. 3.00 58.32 Somalia.. 46.20.......... 7.88 80.83 Sudan 3.07 183.29.. 6.00.... 2.00 22.21 559.09 Suriname.. 10.00.......... 0.19 21.54 Syria 0.48 92.31........ 3.00 0.25 396.10 Tajikistan.............. 0.59 87.10 Togo.............. 1.70 49.60 Tunisia 106.88 777.21 23.00 24.35 2.00.... 4.20 1,377.41 Turkey 250.95 2259.73 63.60 383.30...... 20.38 3,749.20 Turkmenistan.............. 0.33 84.73 U.A.E 100.00 77.70.. 2.00.... 5.00.. 375.20 Uganda.. 12.96.. 0.93...... 4.01 65.25 Uzbekistan.............. 1.87 106.29 Yemen Rep... 411.62.......... 8.45 636.38 Regional.............. 41.06 117.34 Special Prog....... 20.00........ 105.00 Non-MCs.......... 41.48.. 203.77 267.33 NET APPR. 1,414.56 18,422.94 693.45 2,503.28 20.25 197.79 21.82 586.00 38,288.11 GROSS APPR. 1,959.30 20,994.89 693.45 2,663.80 20.25 197.79 21.82 586.00 43,739.64 79
Table 3.22c: Number of Trade Approvals and Special Assistance Operations financed by IDB Group (1396H- 1425H ) (1 January 1976 --09 Feb. 2005) Country T r a d e F i n a n c i n g Special Assist. Grand Total EFS ITFO UIF IBP APIF Treasury oper. ICD Oper. Afghanistan.............. 18 21 Albania.............. 2 16 Algeria 1 193.. 5...... 7 257 Azerbaijan.............. 4 26 Bahrain 5 5.. 3........ 72 Bangladesh 4 98 9 8 5 3.. 10 194 Benin.. 5.......... 1 43 Brunei................ 3 Burkina Faso.. 3.......... 8 66 Cameroon.............. 3 27 Chad.. 1.......... 10 54 Comoros.. 3.......... 2 6 Cote d'ivoire.............. 6 12 Djibouti.............. 8 36 Egypt 14 69 5 12.. 1.. 3 147 Gabon................ 18 Gambia.. 7.......... 4 43 Guinea.. 6.......... 5 71 Guinea-Bissau.. 2.......... 3 13 Indonesia 4 12 2 2 1.... 2 87 Iran 1 93 11 11 1 1.. 6 175 Iraq.. 34.. 1...... 7 49 Jordan 5 52.. 1...... 1 123 Kazakhstan.. 2 2 3.. 1.. 5 35 Kuwait 20 3.......... 4 44 Kyrgyz Rep.............. 4 17 Lebanon 2 6.. 1...... 17 71 Libya 1 9.......... 2 29 Malaysia 24 20.......... 5 84 Maldives.. 0.......... 1 23 Mali.. 2.......... 7 65 Mauritania.. 3.......... 6 65 Morocco 18 75.. 9.. 1.. 4 161 Mozambique.............. 5 19 Niger.. 17.......... 13 77 Oman.. 2.......... 2 44 Pakistan 1 165 28 39...... 6 292 Palestine.............. 38 62 Qatar.. 1............ 20 Saudi Arabia 39 13 9 19 2 1 2 2 123 Senegal.. 18.......... 7 86 Sierra Leone.. 0.......... 3 31 Somalia.. 4.......... 22 38 Sudan 2 15.. 3.... 1 17 102 Suriname.. 1.......... 2 6 Syria 1 10........ 1 1 41 Tajikistan.............. 4 24 Togo.............. 2 13 Tunisia 26 116 3 7 1.... 4 208 Turkey 54 177 14 34...... 5 371 Turkmenistan.............. 2 12 U.A.E 8 5.. 1.... 1.. 40 Uganda.. 4.. 1...... 7 29 Uzbekistan.............. 8 19 Yemen Rep... 38.......... 7 95 Regional.............. 84 160 Special Prog....... 1........ 5 Non-MCs.......... 1.. 678 684 NET APPR. 230 1289 83 161 10 9 5 1084 4754 GROSS APPR. 325 1535 83 203 10 9 5 1084 5375 80
TECHNICAL NOTE 81
Technical Note The purpose of this technical note, following the lead of the World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI), is to state some of the statistical estimation procedures used in the Statistical Monograph. In calculating statistical aggregates, the following rules were used: Aggregate data for IDB are either totals or weighted averages. No aggregate values are calculated if missing data account for more than a third of the number of observations in a given year. Aggregates of ratios are calculated as weighted averages of the ratios using the value of the denominator as weight. Most often the average indicated for IDB is weighted according to the relative share of the countries in the group total for that indicator. Aggregate growth rates are calculated using exponential trend function. The resulting growth rates reflect trends that are not unduly influenced by exceptional values. Except where specifically noted growth rates of values are computed from constant price series. Aggregates for income groups (such as LDCs, High Income Countries, Developed countries, and the World) are taken directly from the source of data, except for OIC countries which were computed by IDB staff. 83
GLOSSARY 85
GLOSSARY Adult illiteracy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who cannot, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life. Agricultural raw materials exports or imports comprise crude materials except fuels excluding crude fertilizers and minerals excluding coal, petroleum, and precious stones, and metalliferous ores and scrap. Carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include contributions to the carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Consumer price index (CPI) shows changes (inflation) in the cost of acquisition of a basket of goods and services purchased by the average consumer. Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Current account balance (in the balance of payments table) is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. Daily newspapers: refer to those published at least four times a week, per 1,000 people. Domestic credit provided by the banking sector: includes all credit to various sectors on a gross basis, with the exception of credit to the central government, which is net. The banking sector includes monetary authorities and deposit money banks, as well as other banking institutions where data are available (including institutions that do not accept transferable deposits but do incur such liabilities as time and savings deposits). Examples of other banking institutions are savings and mortgage loan institutions and building and loan associations. Equity: A mode of financing used by the IDB to participate in the share capital of enterprises on a long-term basis. Export Financing Scheme (EFS, formerly called Longer-Term Trade Financing Scheme): A trade financing scheme used by IDB to export goods from one OIC country to another. The Scheme was initiated by the OIC Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMCEC) and launched by IDB in 1408(1987) as a special fund to promote export trade of OIC member countries participating in the Scheme. Exports (or imports) of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. Food exports or imports comprise food and live animals, beverages and tobacco, and animal and vegetable oils and fats, and oil seeds, oil nuts, and oil kernels. 87
Food production index covers food crops that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, although edible, they have no nutritive value. Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other longterm capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. Fuels exports or imports comprise mineral fuels. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. The GDP implicit deflator: is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. The base year varies by country. General government final consumption expenditure (general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation. GNP (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Gross capital formation (gross domestic investment) consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales, and work in progress. Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Gross national savings including net current a transfer is equal to gross domestic savings plus net income and net current transfers from abroad. Gross Primary School enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. Gross Secondary School enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, of pupils regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers. 88
High-technology exports: are products with high R&D intensity. They include hightechnology products such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases, beds for both acute and chronic care are included. Household final consumption expenditure (private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country. IDB Unit Investment Fund: A trust fund managed by IDB and established in 1409H (1989). It is a resource mobilization vehicle that allows IDB to sell completed operations and projects to the UIF which in turn, sells them, in the form of units (shares), to investors. Import Trade Financing Operations (ITFO): A short term trade financing scheme for import of commodities of developmental nature required by member countries while promoting the flow of trade among them. Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. Instalment Sale: A mode of financing whereby IDB purchases machinery and equipment, then sells them to the beneficiary at a higher price, with repayment to be made by instalments. The ownership of the asset is transferred to the purchaser on delivery. International reserves consist of the country's holding of monetary gold, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) and foreign exchange, as well as its reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Internet users: are people with access to the worldwide network. Islamic Banks Portfolio: A trust fund managed by IDB which was established in 1407H (1987) by 20 Islamic banks and financial institutions (IBFI). Its objective is to mobilize the resources available with IBFI and channel them to finance trade & projects. Islamic Corporation for the Development of the Private Sector (ICD). A private sector entity of the IDB group whose mandate is to address the development needs of its members through private sector interventions. Istisna a: A medium-term mode of financing. It is a contract for manufacturing (or construction) whereby the manufacturer (seller) agrees to provide the buyer with goods 89
identified by description after they have been manufactured/constructed in conformity with that description within a pre-determined time-frame and price. Labor force comprises people who meet the ILO definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, the labor force generally includes the armed forces, the unemployed and first-time job seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Land area (in square kilometers) is a country s total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes. Leasing: A medium-term mode of financing, which involves purchasing equipment and machinery and subsequently transferring their right of use to the beneficiary for a specific period of time, during which the IDB retains the ownership of the asset. Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant is expected to live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life. Lines of financing: A financing facility made available to financial institutions in member countries to finance projects and trade operations of small and medium enterprises. Liquid liabilities: are also known as broad money, or M3. They are the sum of currency and deposits in the central bank (M0), plus transferable deposits and electronic currency (M1), plus time and savings deposits, foreign currency transferable deposits, certificates of deposit, and securities repurchase agreements (M2), plus travelers checks, foreign currency time deposits, commercial paper, and shares of mutual funds or market funds held by residents. Loan: A mode of financing used by the IDB to finance projects in member countries, particularly its least developed countries. It carries a service fee intended to cover the actual costs of administering the loan. The repayment period ranges from 15 to 25 years including a grace period of 3-7 years. Manufactures exports or imports comprise chemicals, basic manufactures, machinery and transport equipment, and miscellaneous manufactured goods, excluding non-ferrous metals. Maternal mortality rate is the number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births in a given year. Merchandise exports show the f.o.b. value of goods provided to the rest of the world valued in U.S. dollars. Merchandise imports show the c.i.f. value of goods received from the rest of the world valued in U.S. dollars. Money supply (M1) comprises transferable deposits and currency outside deposit money banks. 90
Money supply (M2) (comprises money and quasi money) is the sum of currency outside banks, demand deposits other than those of the central government, and the time, savings, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government. Murabahah: A contract of sale between a buyer and a seller in which a seller purchases the goods needed by a buyer and sells the goods to the buyer on a cost-plus basis. Both the profit (mark-up) and the time of repayment (usually in instalments) are specified in an initial contract. Profit Sharing (Musharaka): A financing technique that involves pooling of funds by two or more parties in order to finance a particular venture. Each partner obtains, in accordance with the terms and conditions of partnership, a percentage of (net) profit accruing from the venture. The profit accrued or loss incurred is shared proportional to each partner's contribution in the capital of the venture. Net current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Net financial flows refer to gross disbursement of ODA, other official flows and private flows (total amount disbursed over a given period) less any repayments of loan principal during the same period. ODA relates to grants or concessional loans (i.e. with a grant element of at least 25 percent), undertaken by the official sector, whose main objective is the promotion of economic development and welfare. Net income (balance of payments) refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid to nonresident workers and investment income (receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is recorded under business services. Official development assistance and net official aid (ODA) record the actual international transfer by the donor of financial resources or of goods or services valued at the cost to the donor, less any repayments of loan principal during the same period. Grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee are included, as are loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent, and technical cooperation and assistance. Official exchange rate ratio to parallel exchange rate measures the premium people must pay, relative to the official exchange rate, to exchange the domestic currency for dollars in the black market. Ores and metals exports or imports comprise crude fertilizer, minerals ores; metalliferous ores, scrap and non-ferrous metals. Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC): It is an inter-governmental organization comprising 57 Countries (Guyana, Nigeria and the 55 IDB member countries). OIC was established in pursuance of a decision taken during the First Summit Conference of Muslim Heads of State, held in Rabat (Morocco) in 1389H (1969). Its objective is to promote Islamic solidarity and cooperation. Overall budget deficit is current and capital revenue and official grants received less total expenditure and lending minus repayments. Personal computers: are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual, per 1,000 people. 91
Physicians are defined as graduates of any facility or school of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research). Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population with access to safe drinking water is the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of safe drinking water (including treaed surface and untreated water from protected springs, boreholes, and sanitary wells). Population with access to sanitation is the percentage of the population with at least adequate excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Present value of debt is the sum of short-term external debt plus the discounted sum of total debt service payments due on public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed longterm external debt over the life of existing loans. Profit-sharing: It is a form of partnership which involves the pooling of funds between two or more parties in order to finance a particular venture, each partner obtaining, in accordance with the terms and conditions of partnership, a percentage of (net) profit accruing from the venture. The profit accruing to or loss incurred by each partner is proportional to each partner's share in the capital of the venture. Public registry coverage and private bureau coverage measure the number of borrowers with records contained in either the public credit registry or private credit bureau, expressed as a percentage of the adult population. A score of 0 indicates that a public registry or private bureau does not operate in the country. The maximum score is 1,000. Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country s currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. Quasi-liquid liabilities: are the sum of currency and deposits in the central bank (M0), plus time and savings deposits, foreign currency transferable deposits, certificates of deposit, and securities repurchase agreements, plus travelers checks, foreign currency time deposits, commercial paper, and shares of mutual funds or market funds held by residents. They equal the M3 money supply less transferable deposits and electronic currency (M1). Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs. Spread over LIBOR (London Interbank Offer Rate): is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus LIBOR. LIBOR is the most commonly recognized international interest rate and is quoted in several currencies. The average three-month LIBOR on U.S. dollar deposits is used here. Technical Assistance: This mode of financing is provided by the IDB for conducting feasibility studies, detailed design and preparation of tender documents, as well as consultancy services for the supervision of projects. Television sets: refer to those in use, per 1,000 people. 92
Terms of trade is the ratio of the export unit value index to the import unit value index. Total debt service is the sum of principal repayments and interest actually paid in foreign currency, goods, or services on long-term debt, interest paid on short-term debt, and repayments (repurchases and charges) to the IMF. Total expenditure includes both current and capital expenditures. It does not include government lending or repayments to the government or government acquisition of equity for public purposes. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on longterm debt. Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with prevailing age-specific fertility rates. Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditures. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. Total health expenditure per capita is the sum of public and private health expenditures as a ratio of total population. Total population is the number of people living in a country regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Under-5 mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current age-specific mortality rates. The probability is expressed as a rate per 1,000. Waqf Fund: A trust fund set up in 1399H for financing Special Assistance operations, Scholarship Programme, Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP), the Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI), Technical Assistance, LDMCs Special Account, and Saudi Arabia Sacrificial Meat Project. 93