Propylaea and citizens in Athens: 411 b.c Heather Herbstritt, Bobbi benassa, Lauren batdorff
The propylaea in athens A propylaea is a structure that serves as the entrance to a group of main buildings or monuments. The propylaea in Athens is part of the Acropolis and is one of the most well preserved of it s kind. The plans were created by Mnesikles in order to replace a previously built propylaea called the Archaic Propylon as part of a rebuilding program in Athens going on at the time. It is mainly built from Pentelic marble and the project started in 437 B.C, but was put on hold indefinitely due to the Peloponnesian War. It has been damaged over the years due to wars and even lightning strikes, but during the 20th and 21st centuries, restoration work as been done to fix some of the previous destruction.
The Propylaea over the years The pedestal was built in the 2nd century B.C with the horse and chariot statue on top to honor Eumenes II, the king of Pergamon. The buildings on the left and right of the center structure were meant to contain things like art galleries and places to hold banquets, but were parts that became unfinished due to the war. There are five entrances in the propylaea: four for pedestrians and a larger one for transports like wheeled carts.
Athenian life: Roles of Men Men were expected to: Serve in government Vote Join the military Only men who were pure Athenian could be citizens Metics were foreign men living in Athens and could: Join the military Send sons to school But could not: Own property without permission Vote Hold office Remain secure as a free person without a citizen s sponsorship Thus, husbands leaving for war was a universal problem for free Athenian women like those in Lysistrata
Athenian Life: roles of Women Free women were expected to: Remain at home Care for children Oversee the slaves Obey their husbands Athenian-born women were not citizens, but could own property, while metic women could not Women defying their general roles in society en masse was seen as impossible and funny, turning the main events in Lysistrata into satire
Fashion and Style Men and women both wore loose, dress-like garments Men wore knee-length chitons of linen or wool This would have allowed for the penises on the costumes to show from underneath Women wore floor-length dresses made from squares of linen or wool Both required the use of pins to keep in place Colored garments signified wealth and status, poor people could not afford these Women typically wove their own cloth at home, so purchasing silk robes like the women in Lysistrata signified a special occasion
The significance of SAffron yellow silks Saffron comes from the stamens of the crocus flower Used as perfume, dye, religious offering, and wine flavoring Value in ancient times came from the myth of Crocus and Smilax Parallels between Lysistrata and Crocus and Smilax: Smilax and the women of Athens both rejected their lovers on account of behavior The women s gowns were made of silk dyed with Smilax s scorned lover Remains one of the most expensive and difficult to procure spices in the world Saffron and silk symbolized luxury and desire in Lysistrata
Athens and the peloponnesian war Before the War -After Athens s victory in the Persian wars (ending in 479 BC) the city began to thrive under Pericles -The period between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars is known as the Golden Age -Due to advancements in art, literature, and sciences during this time the city became a vital cultural center During the War -The Golden Age ended with the start of the Peloponnesian war in 431 BC -Advancements in the arts took a back seat during the war as building up their navy and defeating the city-state Sparta became the priority -Many plagues struck Athens during the course of the war
Government in Athens It was Athens s Democratic Government that started the Peloponnesian war As Athens was growing stronger due to the Golden Age, it s Government sought to expand into new territory and started expeditions into other parts of Greece Sparta feared Athens growing any stronger and so they went to war with them, effectively halting the growth of the city-state Due to the chaos of the war Athens s democratic government was destroyed. So in the year 411 BC an Oligarchy government took control
The population of athens -In 478, Athens s population was 140,000 -Of that there were only 40,000 full citizens -The 140,000 could be divided into 4 main social classes -slaves -metics -women -full citizens
Slaves In athens -Of the four main social classes in Athens the slaves were the lowest -Although they were the lowest class, slaves in Athens were treated very well considering their class -Within the class of slaves there were sub-classes -The most valued slaves were tutors or police officials -Middle class slaves worked for families in their home and had the opportunity to buy their freedom from their masters -The lowest sub class of slaves were miners -no slave could vote
Metics in Athens -These were free people who weren't citizens -This social class was made up of Greeks from other city-states -They had jobs similar to those of high class slaves -Weren't allowed to own land, but could run a business -Many worked as rowers -no metic could vote
Full citizens in athens -Only males could be full citizens -Within the class there were sub-classes -citizens -aristocratic citizens -sub-classes also based on wealth -could vote
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