3.2.3 Protection Areas Protection areas (Map 11) which include areas under the categories of NIPAS, Non-NIPAS, environmentally constrained and the military reservations are described as follows: a) NIPAS Category Presidential Proclamation No. 599 declared the Panay River in the municipality of Tapaz covering an area of 4,350 hectares as Watershed Forest Reserve. The law was intended to rehabilitate, reforest, develop and protect the existing vegetation within and surrounding the forest reserve. It further aims to respond to the existing problem of perennial flooding affecting the low lying areas of the province and to minimize soil erosion and rapid siltation of Panay River bed and Tinagong Dagat Bay in the Municipality of Pontevedra, including other areas within the Panay River Basin. b.) Non-NIPAS Area The Non-NIPAS area include forest lands with elevation above 1,000 meters and areas with more than 50 percent slope, mangrove forests, buffer strips along rivers, encampments, fresh water swamps and marshes, lake and other inland water bodies. These forest lands are part of the 31,426 and 28,960 hectares of timberland in the municipalities of Tapaz and Jamindan, respectively. Other areas with slope 50 percent and above are situated in the municipalities of Cuartero, Dumalag, Dumarao, Maayon, President Roxas, Pilar, Ivisan, Sigma, Mambusao and Roxas City. Source: Mangrove forests (riverine and plantations) are found in six coastal municipalities of Sapian, Ivisan, Panay, Pontevedra, President Roxas and Pontevedra and in the City of Roxas.
c.) Areas prone to natural hazards The municipalities of Sapian, Ivisan, Panay, Pontevedra, President Roxas, Pilar and Roxas City, which are facing the Sibuyan Sea, are prone to storm surge. The municipalities of Sigma, Dao, Cuartero, Panitan, Pontevedra and portions of Dumalag, Jamindan, Ivisan, President Roxas, Maayon, Panay and Roxas City are along the stretch of Panay River and its major tributaries. Thus, they experience perennial flooding contributed by heavy rainfall, swelling of rivers, tides, denuded mountains, coastal zones, tidal flats, floodplains, estuaries, and delta. The province of Capiz is prone to ground shaking during earthquake due to the presence of tectonic faults situated at Tablas, Pandanan, Negros Trench, West Panay, Philippine Fault, and Central Negros Fault System. Roxas City and the municipalities of Panay and Pontevedra, Ivisan, Dao, Sigma and Sapian are prone to liquefaction contributed by underlying quaternary alluvium (loose/unconsolidated sediments), loosely compacted sediments and well-sorted sediments. d.) Other Environmentally-constrained Areas Erosion and Landslide Prone Area The municipalities of Tapaz, Jamindan, Cuartero, Dumarao, Maayon, Ivisan, Sigma, Pilar, Pres. Roxas, Roxas City and other areas along creeks and rivers are prone to landslides and erosion due to the natural contributing factors of very steep slope and kind of soil materials. Massive siltation of river beds and delta are the result of soil erosion and landslides from upland areas due to denuded riverbanks, mountains and indiscriminate farming methods.
This aggravated by the introduction of manmade development such as the construction of very steep road cut and highly fractured materials due to quarrying. The abovementioned environmentally constrained areas, if not given attention and immediate rehabilitation, will add impact to the environment. The irrational activity and indiscriminate utilization of these lands cause rapid loss of vegetative cover which endangered the area to become prone to landslides and soil erosion that affect the low-lying areas of the province and become a contributory factor to global warming and climate change. e.) SAFDZ Areas Under the SAFDZ is the Network of Protected Agricultural Area (NPAA) with an area of 23,448 hectares located on the low lying central portion of the province. This include the irrigated and the potential irrigable ricelands in the municipalities of Dao, Cuartero, Dumalag, Dumarao, Mambusao, Maayon, Panay, Panitan, Sigma and, portion of Roxas City. f.) Military Reservation Capiz has one military reservation situated in the municipalities of Tapaz and Jamindan declared under Presidential Proclamation No. 67 signed by then President Diosdado Macapagal in 1965 which covers an area of,310 hectares purposely for military undertakings only. This comprises a wide span of timberland areas that serve as watershed of the Panay River, home of various flora and fauna, wildlife and medicinal plant resources.
e) Lake and Inland water bodies The Panay River and its tributaries, being the main water bodies in the province of Capiz, has been considered as a protection area and became the main source of potable water and irrigation. The province is also endowed with small lakes, swamps and inland water bodies but their presence do not in any manner affect or put pressure to the environment. Likewise, several manmade water bodies in a form of water dams and reservoir can be found in the municipalities of Dumarao, Cuartero, Mambusao, Tapaz and Pilar.
Table 10 Protection Areas, Capiz, by Municipality/City
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86 4. ECONOMY 4.1 Economic Structure 4.1.1 External Context of the Local Economy Since latest data are not available, results of the 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) of the National Statistics Office was used. However, disseminated survey results did not include total family income but only the total number of families within an income range, hence, the average of the income range, e.g, PhP20,000-29,999 (PhP24,999), was used to compute total family income. Classification of business/industry that are used in this analysis are: a) agriculture; b) wholesale and retail; c) manufacturing; d) community, social, recreational and personal services; e) transportation, storage and communication services; f) mining and quarrying; g) construction; h) other services; and, i) not defined. Agriculture includes the following sources of income: a) crop farming and gardening; b) livestock and poultry raising; c) fishing; d) forestry and hunting; e) salaries and wages derived from agricultural activities; and, f) net shares of crops, fruits, vegetables, livestock and poultry from other households. On the other hand, other services include those that are not clearly identified income from non-agricultural salaries and wages. Table 11 shows the total number of families by main source of income, by province. The data used are results of the 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey of the NSO which contains related information that can be used for analysis. The total regional family income of Region 6, as of 2000, is P114 billion. Negros Occidental accounts for P44 billion (38 percent) followed by
86 Iloilo with P41 billion (35 percent) and Capiz with P11 billion (10 percent). Guimaras, being a small province, accounts for only P2 billion or 1.8 percent. Figure 6 below shows the overall distribution of the regional economy. In terms of the percentage share of the different services/industry to the total income of the region (Table 12), other service industries of the province of Capiz accounts for 4.25 percent, followed by those whose sources were not defined (2.38 percent). Agriculture accounts for only 2.18 percent of the total regional income. 4.1.2 Industry Concentration and Specialization Agriculture is dominated by Negros Occidental with almost half (48.63 percent) of the regional income (Table 13). Iloilo is a distant second with 23.15 percent and Capiz with just 11.78 percent. Iloilo ranks first (41.96 percent) in the wholesale and retail industry considering its position as the regional center. It is followed by Negros Occidental (.11 percent) while Capiz is on the 5 th place with just 6.77 percent. Iloilo dominates the following industries: manufacturing (45.28 percent); transportation, storage and communication services (44.10 percent); mining and quarrying (71.74 percent); construction (63.28 percent); and, those undefined industries (42.34 percent). On the other hand, Negros Occidental dominates community, recreational and personal services (46.25 percent), and other service industries (40.28 percent). Capiz generally comes in third in all types of industry except for wholesale and retail, manufacturing, construction, and undefined industries. 4.1.3 Basic Sectors and Corresponding Industries Capiz, being one of the provinces that comprise the Western Visayas Region, has considered nine major businesses/industries in determining total family income by specialization.
86 Among these major businesses/industries, agriculture has been primarily considered with the ranked third (21.68 percent) with Negros Occidental (23.59 percent) being the first and Antique as second (23.38 percent). The province of Aklan (16.17 percent) outranked Iloilo (12.06 percent) and Guimaras (8.76 percent), respectively. However, in terms of wholesale and retail, the got the lowest percentage ranked of 5.00 percent among the six provinces in Western Visayas Region. The Province of Guimaras being the top with 11.07 percent out ranked the Provinces of Iloilo (8.78 percent), Aklan (8.43 percent), Antique (7. percent) and Negros Occidental (6.45 percent). For manufacturing, the Provinces of Aklan and Iloilo ranked first with 1.87 percent while Negros Occidental ranked second (1.43 percent) and the ranked third (0.86 percent), followed by Guimaras (0.69 percent) and Antique (0.32 percent). The shares about 2.43 percent or ranked third in community, recreational and personal services. The Province of Aklan ranked first (3.05 percent) in this industry, followed by the Province of Negros Occidental (2.84 percent). The Provinces of Antique (0.69 percent) and Guimaras (0.00 percent) were at the bottom in the entire six (6) provinces of Western Visayas Region. The ranked first (4.08 percent) in transportation, storage and communication services while the Province of Iloilo ranked second (3.14 percent), third is the Province of Guimaras (2.46 percent), fourth is Aklan (2.19 percent) and Negros Occidental (1.89 percent) and Antique (1.13 percent) ranked fifth and sixth, respectively. Mining and quarrying have no significant contribution in the total family income in the four (4) provinces, except in the Provinces of Iloilo (0.07 percent) and Negros Occidental (0.02 percent). While in construction industry, only four provinces obtained double percentage figure. These are the