Cover photo BURNT CHURCH 1759 From a print in the N. B. Museum

Cover photo BURNT CHURCH 1759 From a print in the N. B. Museum

THIRD ANNUAL REPORT of the HISTORICAL RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION PROVINCE of NEW BRUNSWICK March 31, 1971

HISTORICAL RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION MINISTER IN CkARGE THE HONOURABLE J. LORNE McGUIGAN

To His Honour The Honourable H. J. Robichaud Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of New Brunswick May it please Your Honour, I have the honour to submit herewith the Annual Report of the Historical Resources Administration of the Province of New Brunswick for the period April 1, 1970 to March 31, 1971. Your obedient servant, J. LORNE McGUIGAN Minister in Charge (vii)

The Honourable J. Lorne McGuigan Minister in Charge Historical Resources Administration Honourable Sir, I have the honour to submit the Report of Historical Resources Administration for the period April 1, 1970 to March 31, 1971., -=.-t Respectfully submitted, GEORGE MacBEATH Deputy Head (ix)

CONTENTS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BRANCH............... PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES............... 13 MACTAQUAC HISTORICAL PROGRAMME 27 LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY....................... 37 NEW BRUNSWICK MUSEUM 41 MILITARY COMPOUND BOARD............ 47 (xi)

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BRANCH

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BRANCH The Research and Development Branch, headed by David A. Webber, has the responsibility for planning the development of historical resources independently and in co-operation with other government and private agencies, and stimulating the preservation and interpretation of New Brunswick's past. During the past year, the branch has continued to inventory the province's historical resources. With the appointment of Christopher Turnbull as Provincial Archaeologist, the number of permanent professional staff members was increased to four, including the director; Historic Sites S,upervisor, Michael O'Rourke; and Research Historian, Rodolphe Bourque. With the completion and acceptance of a feasibility study on an estate at Bartibog, the province, through the Department of Natural Resources, purchased the property in the fall of 1970. Dr. Clark and Dr. Sanger examining burial finds at Cow Point. Photo, Jim McCarthy 2

Comprising an early 19th Century stone house and out-buildings and some one hundred acres of land, the "McDonald Farm" will become the province's first historic park. Present plans call for the restoration of the stone house and outbuildings which will depict the atmosphere of a typical 19th Century farm on the Miramichi. In addition, appropriate attention will be given to the 19th Century fishing, lumbering and shipbuilding industries of that area. During the coming year restoration drawings will be prepared for the buildings with site development hopefully beginning in 1972. Assistance to local museums and historical societies was continued with the New Denmark Historical Society being the major benefactor. The branch was pleased to assist their society in obtaining a surplus two-room school in New Denmark to house their newly-formed museum. During the coming year, assistance to the local organizations will be continued on a limited scale. However, it is hoped that in the not too distant future, provision can be made for the position of a fulltime museologist who would visit the local museums for extended periods of time, in order to assist in the re-vitalization of their exhibits. Archaeological research continued during the summer of 1970 in co-operation with Dr. David Sanger of the National Museum of Man in Ottawa in his investigations of the Passamaquoddy Bay and St. Croix Basin region. Since 1967, the region has been intensively studied revealing over six thousand years of prehistoric settlement. From approximately three thousand to six thousand years ago, evidence indicates a people adapted to the interior lakes and streams of the St. Croix river system. The first utilization of marine resources is found about three thousand years ago with the shell mounds located in certain areas of Passamaquoddy Bay. This use continued up till the seventeenth Century with the European invasion. Additional research was carried out on a three to four thousand year old cemetery in the Grand Lake region. The Cow Point site located on the thoroughfare between Maquapit and Grand Lake was extensively excavated. Fifty-four burial loci were found in an area 10 by 20 meters. These were interred in grave pits 0.5 to 1.0 meter deep along a gravel ridge paralleling the thoroughfare. Although the condition of the soil dissolved most of the human remains, red ochre stains and grave goods were found. In the graves, red ochre was spread in a layer up to 10 em. thick. Of the graves, forty-seven had artifacts, totalling over four hun- 3

dred specimens. Most of these will be returned to the Province when the analysis is complete. Eight kinds of grave goods were buried including celts, gouges, ground slate points, plummets, chipped points, and abrasive stones. Of these the ground slate points or "bayonets" are the most distinctive, a number having minute geometric incizing along the blade. AE'HMOI.OCJICAL sm SLWtn D~~~... Iii =-:.=:":~ ~ :::.=-..:II!IIM,On- --- W1-I-...,A DID ~lliluas.""" D~ 1 =t~o-. ""' IIQn Jlllb&KTtC,... Miatwfl: 31... w.4... 11W c.d.i,...,.,c-.r... ~ 5 IITII...;.;..~,~--.. IIIIDIMN'I POOl.... -- ARCHAEOLOGY cvw~.-...~..._.~ 7.,_.,... CIUMD HCUII1......_ in t-ew' IIAlNWICK 1950-1910 J'WI'~I... ~- IBI;..-...,;e_,...,... ~... HIIIIrit Historical Resources Administration began its own programme of archaeological research into New Brunswick's pre-historic past with the addition of Christopher Turnbull as Provincial Archaeologist on 1 October 1970. Amongst the initial tasks undertaken have been to prepare a bibliography of archaeological publications relating to the Province, to investigate previous archaeological research, and to establish a central site file recording all sites of archaeological interest in the Province. Briefly, archaeological research into the province's past began in 1881 with the investigation of some sites in Passamaquoddy Bay by Baird of the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C. The Natural His- 4

tory Society of New Brunswick members excavated a site near Bocabec in 1883. This was to be the beginning of a long interest in Indian remains, most of their work concentrated in the Grand lake area. With the demise of the Society during the 1st World War, there was a lapse of thirty years before work was started again. Early in the 1950's, a survey of parts of the Province was sponsored by the Peabody Foundation for Archaeology, in Massachusetts. In the early 1960's, the National Museum of Canada sponsored more surveys. In 1967, the first tongterm intensive project began in the Passamaquoddy Bay, as outlined above. Other work has been done along the North Shore, northern east coast, Mactaquac Reservoir, Fort LaTour and at Fort Beausejour. In the 1971 field season, Historical Resources Administration will begin its own long term research programme in central New Brunswick. This region played a vital role, both in the history and prehistory of New Brunswick. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Malecite, French, Acadian, Dutch, and English peoples intermingled along the lower Saint John. The substantial natural food resources, coupled with the ease of travel in the river and lake system set the background for a long and perhaps continuous occupation by Indian peoples which may well stretch over six to eight thousand years previous to the historic era. Research will commence in the Grand lake area, with an intensive search for prehistoric and early historic occupations. Some sites are already known from the work of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick about the turn of the Century. Fort Jemseg will also be investigated. This survey will provide a basis to select important sites for future intensive work. In the Spring of 1970, the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development in co-operation with Historical Resources Administration launched the Canadian Inventory of Historic Building in New Brunswick. The programme will operate throughout the country and the basic criteria for selection of buildings to be recorded will be all pre- 1880 structures in Eastern Canada and all pre-1914 structures in Western Canada. Billed as the largest and most comprehensive programme of its kind in the world, the inventory will encompass more than 100,000 buildings oyer a three-phase, ten-year period. Phase one will record the exteriors of some 100,000 buildings over a five-year period. Phase two will study the interiors and architectural details of some 10,000 buildings selected from phase one. Phase three will document fully a few thousand buildings, the best of phase two studies. 5

The availability of the Inventory data in computerized form will assist urban planners, highway engineers, geographers, economists, and members of similar disciplines in developing public policy regarding historic preservation, the architectural quality of the environment and urban renewal. The Province's Historic Sites Supervisor, Michael O'Rourke,.rvas named to co-ordinate the programme in the province. Mr. Robert Matthews, a native of Woodstock and an architectural student at the Nova Scotia Technical College, was engaged to captain the t"'{o recording teams provided to New Brunswick through a costsharing arrangement between the Federal and Provincial governments. During the summer months of 1970, the teams worked in Fredericton, Moncton and Saint John recording a combined total of some 1,400 buildings. The financial arrangement called for the province to provide funds for salaries and travel expenses during the month of June with the Federal Government absorbing costs for the months of July and August (see Table 1). In September of 1970, the Federal Government announced its intention to operate a winter recording programme. The Province received sufficient funds from Ottawa to employ a Team Captain, two recorders, a photographer, and a researcher. The programme began October 1st and during the winter months the team worked in Marysville, Maugerville, Sheffield, Burton, Gagetown, Oromocto, Lincoln, St. Andrews, St. George, and Woodstock recording nearly 1,000 buildings. The total cost of the winter programme was $16,933 (see Table ll). By March 31st, 1971, more than 2,400 buildings had been recorded under Phase one of the Inventory at a cost of $24,633 (see Table Ill). During the summer programme of 1972 it is anticipated that two teams will be operating in the province recording an additional 2,000 buildings. The first team will begin operations in Gloucester County with the second team beginning in Carleton County. 6

The Joseph Landry Log Bam, Burnsville. The Poirier Tavern at Caraquet. 7

TABLE I SUMMER PROGRAMME 1970 Salaries Expenses Total Province 1,300 700 2,000 Federal 3,100 2,600 5,700 7,700 TABLE II WINTER PROGRAMME 1970-71 Salaries Expenses Total Province 900 900 Federal 9,188 6,845 16,033 16,933 TABLE Ill SUMMARY OF 1970-71 PROGRAMME Salaries Expenses Total Province 1,300 1,600 2,900 Federal 12,288 9,445.21,733 24,633 With the completion of Phase one in New Brunswick, expected In 1973, it is anticipated that more than 8,000 buildings will have been recorded. In the spring of 1970, our Research Historian, Rodolphe Bourque, was asked to prepare an evaluation of a number of proposals for the development of an Acadian Village along the Acadian Trail. The results of that evaluation, contained in a report to the director, recommended that development of a meaningful Acadian Village would be feasible and the most desirable location would be in the north-eastern part of the province. 8

An example of Acadian Domestic Design. 9

Following the completion of that report, Mr. Bourque undertook a study of the social and architectural aspects of the Acadians in New Brunswick. This study included extensive research on buildings, artifacts and early settlements. The three main cores of Acadian settlements along the Acadian Trail were examined. Memramcook, Caraquet and St. Basile with all the other important villages that sprang out of these main centres became objects of extensive research. The results of these studies have provided much of the vital data necessary for the proper planning of an Acadian Village. In November of 1970, Mr. Bourque attended an educational conference at St. Joseph regarding "Projet Cooperatif d'information en Pedagogie Contemporaire". His role was to provide information on the historical approach towards the possibility of diffusing knowledge on the Acadian history of the Maritimes with special reference to New Brunswick. An appraisal of the materials available to encourage the greater use of local and general Acadian social history in the province was undertaken in the winter of 1970. The results show that Acadian history should be re-evaluated as most of it has been based on written records left by non-acadians. As a result, their writings do not reflect a true picture of the average Acadian inhabitant's way of life. lt is well to consider that most Acadians were illiterate, as were most of the other ethnic groups in 18th and 19th century New Brunswick, and were therefore voiceless. If a true picture of the development of the Acadians in New Brunswick is to be shown, there is a tremendous volume of subhistory yet to be explored. DAVID A. WEBBER, Director 10

:PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES of NEW BRUNSWICK

PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES OF NEW BRUNSWICK: A. PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES DIVISION: Richard Ramsey, Supervisor 1. Accessions: departmental records: (a} (b) (c) (d) Education: Fredericton Collegiate School, registers, examinations, superintendents' notes, Old Boys Society minutes and accounts, 1856-1892, 9 vols.; York County Teachers' Institute, records, 1879-1919, 1 vol. Justice: Charlotte County Court: court books, 1867-1964, 4 vols. Natural Resources: Forest Branch: Forest Survey, 1917, plans. Provincial Secretary: Board of Public Utilities: New Brunswick securities, papers, 1926-1951; Public Utilities: inquiries and reports, N. B. Tel 1920-1961, N. B. Power 1920-1946, Maritime Electric 1932-1955, Woodstock Electric 1923-1927, Moncton Tramway 1918-1960; Motor Carrier Board: Carriers' files, 1927-1935; S.M.T., 1945-1962. (e) Registrar General: Albert County, marriage registers, 1846-1887, 5 vols. with index; Saint John Board of Health: Burial permits, 1890-1919, 28 vols. 2. Accessions: manuscripts: 1. Burchill (South Nelson) MSS (See below) 2. Crewdson School Book Collection (see below). 3. Hill (SL Stephen) MSS. A further group was received from Mrs. Evans Hill which included the following subjects: Mills, including Milltown, 1790-1853; Saint Stephen School, 1826-1852.; Saint Stephen Fire-wards, c. 1854-1861; additional correspondence of George F. Hill. 4. Lord Beaverbrook Scholarships Committee. Minutes, applications and correspondence, 1920-1966. 5. Madge Smith Photographic Collection (see below). 6. Maritime Union Study MSS (see below). 7. Williston MSS. The papers of the late Mrs. Kell Williston, including historical notes and transcripts relating to the history of the Miramichi. Mrs. Williston worked closely with Dr. Louise Manny on this subject. 14

BURCHILL (SOUTH NELSON) MSS, 1824-1965 This collection covers the period 1824-1965, and encompasses the mosaic interests of an involved and commanding family on the Miramichi. The men and forces which shaped early life in this part of the province are documented in detail and with clarity. The early days of the Church of England and the Rev. Samuel Baron are shown in correspondence, petitions and minutes. Details of committee meetings, political and legal functions are shown in correspondence. Legal records (deeds, agreements, bills of sale) show how the fortunes of the citizens changed with time and circumstance. George Burchill and Sons - a shipbuilding and lumber business with a span of over one hundred years is shown in complete evolution. It is perhaps indicative of the stability of the company, through two World Wars and many economic depressions, that these records were received in such excellent order and condition. Part of manuscript area occupied by the Burchill Collection. 15

The collection is so informative and multi-varied, however, that much of the cataloguing and indexing remain before researchers can productively use the material. The collection, when consolidated, will run over 900 linear feet. CREWDSON SCHOOL BOOK COLLECTION The Crewdson School Book Collection, the gift of Mrs. Alice Crewdson of Fredericton, New Brunswick, is a collection of early 19th century works with a special concentration on mathematics. The collection was probably the possession of two successive William Crewdsons, both of Saint John, New Brunswick. An indication of the first William Crewdson can be found in a signature and date, 1824, in Lindley Murray, English Grammar. This signature, as certain others from the period, is that of a neat, mature adult. The reference "Captain" on certain volumes indicates a connection with the sea, and the large number of publications from London indicate many of these were probably purchased abroad. This William Crewdson appears to have been still alive in 1843, as shown by a signature similar to those of the 1820's, and notation, "Purchased 30th Oct., 1843, Wm. Hawkin's Auction Room, St. John" to be found in Richard Hiley, A Treatise on English Grammar. A second William Crewdson appears in the year 1846 with a notation in T.C. Thorton Wonders of the World in Nature and Art, "Master Wm. Crewdson, WMS School, January, 1846". This signature, while showing some similarities to that of the first William Crewdson, is probably that of another individual. It is also improbable that a William Crewdson, mature in 1822, would be attending school in 1846, although it is possible that he might have been teaching. The history of these two individuals and their interest in books (as shown by the excellent condition of the early works) is otherwise unknown. The collection includes Nature Delineated, 1740; A System of Practical Mathematics, 1759; The Practical Measurer, 1810; The Practical Navigator, 181 0. 16

MADGE SMITH PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLECTION During the past year, Provincial Archives took custody of some 1,850 negatives from Miss E. Madge Smith, a former professional photographer who practised In Fredericton. These have been indexed, filed and catalogued by subject, thus providing Archives with a valuable photographic record of Fredericton in the years just prior to World War II. The collection might justly be called "The Fredericton of Madge Smith", for she looked at many things which most people took for granted and saw in them what most of us missed. Many of Madge Smith's negatives reveal a Fredericton that Is already long gone. For instance, there is a group of 61 views of ice cutting on the St. John River; of the open market at Fredericton City Hall, there are 78 winter scenes and 49 in summer. Fredericton's famous fire horses, Bill and Doll, come in for 41 shots, while another 40 are concerned with Informal scenes around the track at the Fredericton Exhibition on 16 September, 1937. In many of these scenes, Madge Smith caught something of the infinite patience of work horses in heat of summer and cold of winter, the humor and the pathos of farm types caught in the stresses of the lean '30's. Additionally there are 81 shots of all aspects of winter in Fredericton and another 41 of the moods of the St. John River. Of particular architectural Interest are the public buildings, private dwellings and churches of Fredericton and an assortment of views of the Odell Estate while the buildings still remained there. There is a rich and varied group of ceremonies, celebrations and suchlike events. Also notable are 14 scenes of the great flood of 19-20 March, 1936, and a progressive sequence of 38 views of the building of the second railway bridge over the St. John River at Fredericton, right down to the formal opening on 1 June, 1938. MARITIME UNION MSS The working papers and final report of the Maritime Union Study, 1968-1970, are among the major accessions of the year for the Provincial Archives. Students researching the past and present history of regional associations, and the reaction of the various public and private elements within society, will find In this collection an excellent illustration of such movements. 17

The Maritime Union Study Commission, which was headed by Dr. J. J. Deutsch and Mr. Frederick R. Drummie, was created by the joint action of the three Maritime Provincial Legislatures. Commencing work in 1968, the M.U.S. established its main office in Fredericton, New Brunswick, and did extensive field work in an attempt to reach out to all sectors ot the population. Researchers were hired to inquire into the more specific points of the possibilities of union, and works such as John R. Cameron's "Provincial-Municipal Relations in the Maritime Provinces", and Peter C. Findlay's "Maritime Union: Implications for the French Language and Culture" were typical of the results achieved. Extensive public hearings and briefs have also left their record in the collection. The collection, 48 running feet, comprises the following topics: Correspondence and Papers by Project; Correspondence and Papers by Alphabetical Listing; Miscellaneous Correspondence and Related Papers; Briefs, Hearings; Speeches and Related Papers; General Reports Received; Public Opinion Poll Reports Received; Profile on Public Services, Reports Received; Drafts and Proofs, Reports Published; Maritime Union Study Publications; Accounting Papers; Newsclippings; Background Material; Tape Recordings; Miscellaneous Correspondence and Papers. A full, descriptive inventory has been completed for this collection, most of which is open to public use without restriction. 3. Photographic Collections: The Curator of the collections, Mr. Fred H. Phillips, worked closely with Miss Madge Smith over the deposit of her photographs (see above) and has now prepared an inventory of her collection which has greatly enlarged the capability of the subject index to the photographs. Mr. Phillips has also continued with his catalogue of the R. B. Hanson Papers described in the Report for last year. 4. Exhibitions: A special exhibition of photographs by Madge Smith was opened by Professor W.C.D. Pacey, Vice-President (Academic) of the University of New Brunswick. The opening was a most heart-warming occasion which brought together many of those artists whom Miss Smith encouraged during their early years. 18

A display of County Records was prepared for the League of New Brunswick Historical Societies. \ An exhibition "In Defense of New Brunswick" drew attention to the part which the British army and the Militia played in this province during the colonial period. 5. Lectures and Talks: The Provincial Archivist took part in two of Laura Foster's programme series "Magazine" on CHSJ - one on seals (wax) and the other on early examples of advertising which was a valuable experience. Mr. Phillips made a third Provincial Archives contribution to the programme with a talk on early New Brunswick photographs. The Provincial Archivist has been appointed a Tutor in Canadian History at the University of New Brunswick for the Session 1970 j71. 6. Inquiries: There have been an estimated 322 visitors to the Archives (exclud Ing the exhibitions) and 302 postal inquiries have been answered. 7. General: The Provincial Archivist contiues to serve as Editor of The Canadian Archivist and has been appointed to the President's Committee of the Seventies of the Society of American Archivists as, in effect, the Canadian representative. The Committee will discuss and report on a reorganization of the Society and of its journal, The American Archivist. The Local History Section of the Canadian Historical Association has awarded a Certificate of Merit to the Provincial Archives as "a comprehensive repository, well organized in record time" 8. Church Records Microfilm Programme: Mr. Mel Turner, a University of New Brunswick law student, was employed during the summer or. the task of microfilming church records in the Province, using a portable 16mm camera. 19

This programme is designed to cover all the older churches in the province and will extend over two or three years as a summer project. It was decided to make a start on the Anglican churches. The Archbishop of Fredericton and the Dean warmly commended our scheme, and it was left to the incumbent and congregation of each church to decide whether they wished to participate. Almost all were agreeable, and the result is most valuable increases in the resources of the Archives. The master negative of each film remains unused, one copy is placed in the Search Room of the Provincial Archives, one copy will be sent to the Diocesan Archives and a further copy can be supplied to the church if required. Next year, we hope to extend the programme to cover the United Church. Supervisor and operator discuss a budget of work for the 'Microfilmer 600'. 20

The following is a list of church records (registers and vestry books) which have been filmed: Carleton County: Aberdeen and Bright, 1929-1934. Woodstock (inc. Northampton, Prince William, Queensborough), 1791-1970. Charlotte County: Campobello, St. Annes, 1830-1970. Fairhaven, Free Baptist Church, 1868-1927. Grand Manan, St. Pauls, also Ascension, 1824-1962. United Baptist, 186q-1970. Leonardville, Congregation of Disciples of Christ, 1858-1912. Pennfield, Christ Church {inc. St. Mark and St. George), 1822-1900 St. Andrews, All Saints, 1787-1961. St. Stephen, Christ Church (inc. St. Stephen, St. David, St. James), 1815-1914. Trinity, 187D-1945. Gloucester County: Bathurst, St. Georges, 1864-1970. Caraquet, St. Pierre (Roman Catholic Church), 1768-1920. Kent County: Richlbucto, 1815-1956. Weldford, 1844-1955... Kings County: Greenwich & Westfield, 1801-1953. Hampton, St. Pauls, 1819-1970. Hammond and Dutch Valley, 1873-1884. Kingston, Trinity, 1784-1970. Norton, See under Sussex. Rothesay, St. Pauls, 1870-1969. Studholme, See under Sussex and Norton. Sussex, Trinity, 1827-1953. St. Pauls United, 1857-1970. Sussex and Norton (inc. Studholme), 1817-1928. Upham, 1848-1963. Westfield, See under Greenwich. Northumberland County: Chatham, St. Pauls and St. Marys, 1822-1932; Correspondence, 1824-1869. Newcastle, St. Andrews, 1843-1957. 21

Queens County: Cambridge and Waterboro, 1883-1958. Canning and Chipman, 1846-1914. Chipman, See under Canning. Gagetown, United Church, 1861-1970. Waterboro, See under Cambridge. Restigouche County: Campbellton, St. Andrews Un ited, 1874-1965. Saint John County: Lancaster, 1874-1912. Musquash, St. Annes, 1861-1970. Saint John, Old Stone Church, 1853-1970. Trinity, 1790-1957. St. Martins, 1876-1930. Simonds, 1846-1907. Victoria, St. Judas, 1918-1960. Sunbury County: Maugervllle, 1773, 1787-1878. VIctoria County: Andover, Trinity, 1845-1970. Grand Falls, 1882-1941. Westmorland County: Moncton, St. Georges, 1856-1970. Sackville, United Church, 1839-1958. Shediac Cape, St. Martin In the woods (inc. St. Andrews), 1829-1957. York County: Bright, See under Douglas, York Co. and Aberdeen, Carleton County. Douglas and Bright, 1845-1928. Fredericton, Christ Church, 1793-1959. St. Marys, 1843-1887. Kingsclear, 1816-1902. McAdam, St. Georges, 1902-1969. New Maryland, 1836-1881. Prince William and Queensbury, 1823-1960. 22

9. Documentary R"palr: Mrs. Maria Vilimova has continued to do excellent work repa1rmg documents, and by the end of the year the most damaged and fragile will have been restored. Progress has been so good that we have been able to extend the service to those who have public documents in their keeping, such as the Common Clerk of Saint John. It Is often a factor in the deposit of records in the Archives that we can undertake their repair and, in this way, encourage such a deposit. 1 o. Genealogical Microfilm Programme: Arrangements were made with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, better known perhaps as the Mormons, for the microfilming of public records in the Archives of genealogical interest, such as poll books, tax assessments, etc. The cut-off date for this programme has been established at 1885 so that no modern records are involved and no vital statistics in the modern sense. This programme is carried out without charge to the Provincial Archives, and when the film has been processed, a copy is deposited here. One of the advantages of this programme is that the copy deposited with us can be transferred to another repository in the. Province, such as the New Brunswick Museum, thereby increasing their resources available to genealogists. These records would not be filmed by us in the normal way and is, therefore, a useful supplement to our services to the public. 11. Or&l History: A modest start has been made this year on a collection of oral history for the Province. Mr. Harry Hagerman has agreed to compile material for a history of the automobile in New Brunswick. This will not merely involve research into technology but will include the use of roads and all kinds of other aspects of this form of transport. Efforts will be made to interview outstanding persons in various fields, including politics, but the difficulty is to obtain interviewers of the necessary caliber a11d experience in their respective fields to elicit a response in depth. The Provincial Archives will be prepared to consider any programme of this kind which an expert might be willing to carry out. 12. Publication: The Provincial Archivist has completed an entry for "Francis Pyn Harding" to be included in the forthcoming Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Volume C: also an article, "Loyalist Records in the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick", published In The Loyalist Gazelle. Mr. Robert Fellows' paper, "The Loyalists and Land Settlement in New 23

Brunswick, 1783-1790", will appear in the next issue of The Canadian Archivist. Mr. Fellows is Assistant Archivist in the Archives. 13. Checklist of Secondary Sources: New Brunswick History: a Checklist of Secondary Sources is almost ready for publication. This Checklist was originally produced in mimeograph to meet the needs of both staff and researchers of the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Since the principal co11ections of published material relating to the Province are readily accessible in the Legislative Library, the University of New Brunswick" Library, the New Brunswick Museum, the University of Moncton Library and elsewhere, it is unlikely that the Archives will ever build up its holdings in this field. The best plan, therefore, seemed to be to compile a checklist of secondary sources, listing at least one location, in order to provide a useful point of departure for research and general inquiries. The Checklist is simply a compilation of sources described in sufficient detail to enable each item to be located in a card catalogue or periodical. Items for which a location has not yet been found are also included. B. RECORDS CENTRE: Fernando LeBlanc, Records Officer During the year, the Records Centre moved to a. new location at 776 Macleod Avenue, Fredericton, New Brunswick, and by this move, obtained more office, storage and shelving space. At present there are holdings of 7,808 feet housed in the Records Centre building and 5,954 feet housed in the Neill's Building, making a total of 13,762 feet as compared with 11,560 feet for the previous year. These consist of records for twenty-one departments, commissions and boards of the Provincial Government. During the year, 1,405 feet of records were received for storage and 2,000 feet were destroyed. Inquiries have increased to thirty-five per month. The Records Centre has advised several departments on records management problems, including the following institutions and offices: 1. Saint John Laboratory. 2. Jordan Memorial Hospital. 3. Welfare Offices in Moncton, Fredericton and Newcastle. 4. Moncton, Saint John and Edmundston Revenue Offices. 5. A retention schedule has been approved for the Department of Natural Resources. 24

C. MICROFILM SERVICE: Mark Fallon, Supervisor Output: Rolls Planetary 565 Rotary 779 Assuming an average 3,000 frames per roll. Frames 1,695,000 2,337,000 Each department of government is being served, but the programme for the Department of Finance is by far the largest, requiring the copy on microfilm of all authorization vouchers, cheques, etc., and amounting to 1,375,000 pieces of paper. The programme for Medicare Is now under way which also involves the production of duplicate film, besides careful splicing and editing and checking. About 1,200 rolls will be produced this year. The microfilming of deed registers for the Department of Justice continues at Saint John and Dorchester. This has involved training and supervising operators in the field and requires far more careful scrutiny of film and quality control frame by frame. The Supervisor has had to make several visits to these operators and the programme is more complex than it would be if the registers could be moved to Fredericton. It is, however, realized that this would be impracticable. The Service now processes its entire output at film, amounting to 3,000 rolls (including duplicates), for a total of 300,000 feet of film. This includes some processing for N. B. Power and the University of New Brunswick. The rapid extension of the Service over the past year has resulted in two important additions to the plant: a positive printer capable of making copies of film (both negative and positive) at the rate of 40 rolls a day and a continuous form microfilmer with a capacity of 12,000 lines a minute from which fifteen rolls of film a day can be obtained. The Medicare programme will require an additional processor and a second dark room is being built. So far, the expansion has been undertaken without any increase of staff (with the exception of the two field operators) thanks to careful planning by the Supervisor and improvements in the capability of cameras and processors. ~~~- HUGH A. TAYLOR, Provincial Archivist 25

MACTAQUAC HISTORICAL PROGRAMME 27

MACTAQUAC HISTORICAL PROGRAMME lntrocf uctlon The focal point of the programme is Kings Landing, an historical settlement in the process of being created to depict such communities to be found in the central St. John Valley just over a century ago. The riverside community is being developed with funds presently available under the Mactaquac-F.R.E.D. Agreement. A farm - with crops and animals typical of the period - twelve residences and outbuildings, a school, a store and an agricultural hall are its most important elements. Because of a fixed budget and inflationary conditions, it has been necessary to schedule the development in such a way to make a pleasing and believable historical attraction for visitors and at the same time allow for the continued restoration of buildings to create the completed settlement. Phasing has been worked out in such a way to include sufficient key buildings restored completely to allow both the history buff and the visiting public to appreciate the historical development of a settlen'lent such as Kings Landing. In addition, those buildings and structures that are not completed at the time of opening will have their exteriors restored to allow them to blend in with the historical setting. Buildings and Their Restoration The Kings Landing settlement calls for a total of approximately sixty historic buildings of all types. All but a handful of these are now on site and permanently located. The remainder will be added according to schedule and to the development plan of this major historical undertaking. Possibly the most important structure yet to be acquired is the sawmill. Essential foundation and structural rehabilitation work was carried out where it was required. In the area of building restoration, emphasis was placed on high priority items. Most of these related to Kings Landing's west side, the first area scheduled to be completed and opened to visitors. This portion of the settlement includes the entrance and parking lot as well as two farms with their fields and outbuildings, a stone house, blacksmith shop and covered bridge. The main floor of the Upper Farmhouse was restored and the rooms involved furnished to the late 1860's. An "Open House" was held the last weekend in June and visitors were g~ven the opportunity to explore the various parts of Kings Landing. During the remainder of the time until Labour Day, visiting was restricted to a viewing stand with interpretive signs, a picnicking area and the partially restored Upper Farmhouse. 28

Partly restored nineteenth century doorway at Kings Landing. 29

Building restoration continued throughout the summer. With the conclusion of the visitor season, emphasis switched once more to the west side. There, attention turned to completing restoration of the Upper Farmhouse, including the reconstruction of a long missing shed, recladdlng with appropriate materials, and the completion of the interior restoration, and furnishing. The goal aimed for - and achieved - was the development of the parking lot, the establishment of an admission control centre in one of our surplus buildings, and a series of outdoor interpretive panels in the area between the main entrance and the Upper Farmhouse. There, visitors during a period of approximately two and one-half months would be greeted by trained guides in period costume. The aim of the work programme was to make it possible for the 1971 visitor to then examine shrubbery, other plantings and a kitchen garden of the 1860's period near the Upper Farmhouse, and to then move along a developed road lined with split rail fencing, past fields under cultivation to an examination of the Loyalist Farmhouse which would be under active restoration. As an end product, this farm must be fully operating in a manner typical of the period. The Jones House, the only stone building remaining in that portion of the St. John Valley, was dismantled and removed to Kings Landing. There, it will be re-erected once funds become available. In addition, the Slipp House at Lower Woodstock was moved to the site. It is to be used as a dormitory facility and educational centre, and its presence represents a significant addition to the range of services that will be available at Kings Landing. One of the purposes of this building will be to house overnight school children who reside more than easy commuting distance from the site. It will also be used as a training centre for teachers, providing them with a better understanding of the history of the province. Restoration of period buildings has entailed a constant quest for appropriate materials. In some cases this has meant salvaging brick, glass and so forth from buildings being dismantled in variou~ parts of the province. For some items, such as wallpaper and fabrics, a wideranging search must be made. Still other materials, including clapboards and hand-split shingles, have to be specially manufactured. Experimentation led to the decision to produce our own shingles resembling the hand-split and shaved pine variety required in considerable quantities for the restoration programme. A shingle mill for their sawing and dressing has since been established on site with quite satisfactory results. 30

Fitting original mantel to rebuilt chimney at Kings Landing. 31

Site Preparation Creating a believable site requires extensive research, careful planning and a great deal of work over a period of some years. Fields have to be cleared and roadways through them torn up. Rocks have to be moved and fields plowed, while proper fencing has to be installed and the fields fertilized and seeded. Equally as important is the introduction of plant materials for zoning and camouflage treatment, such as the modern highway which runs along the western end of the settlement. Other aspects of the site development plan were dealt with as well. A portion of Old Route 2 running through one corner of the settlement was removed while, on the other hand, progress was made on developing nineteenth century roads that will be a permanent feature of the settlement. Initial plans were made as well for the covered bridge which will be the main link between the eastern and western portions of the site which is divided by a brook. Special emphasis was placed on underground services, including electrical, telephone, water and sewerage systems. One of the two sewage treatment plants was completed, and a start made on the other. By the end of the period under review, approximately 80% of the basic site services had been installed. With this progress made, greate r attention can be given to general landscaping. Museology Buildings to be fully restored must be furnished with items appropriate to their respective roles as well as to the period chosen for restoration. During the year many hundreds of artifacts were acquired and added to the permanent collections. Acquisition of these required artifacts - based on draft furnishing plans and a specific "want list" - is taking considerable time and travel. Here It should be noted that there has been a gratifying increase in the number of objects donated to Kings Landing. Closely allied to this programme is the restoration of many of these objects. This activity picked up momentum, with almost all of the work being done by our own staff In fact, the volume of work necessitated the construction of a second painting and finishing room, while an electrolytic tank was built to expedite the cleaning of selected items. It is essential that the heavy flow of artifacts and data be coped with and that space be found for the safe custody of such objects and information. Because of the growth of the collection, a portion of a building that was formerly a Department of Highways snowshed was adapted for use in the storage of artifacts. 32

Carpenters at Kings Landing reconstruct a front door. Meanwhile, the continuing task of identifying and documenting items in the collections continued, work largely undertaken by the curators. However, we were also able to benefit from the visits of such experts as Mrs. Jean Manhannick, Mr. and Mrs. Harold Burnham and Mr. M. W. Thomas. Additional research was carried out on such aspects as use of outside paint, wallpaper and interior painting. In addition wideranging research into historical sources was given important emphasis. Kings Landing and the Public Gratifying interest is being shown in Kings Landing. One result of this is that several members of the staff were requested to give talks on the settlement to groups. In addition, the first school classes and a few special interest groups visited Kings Landing for conducted tours of the emerging settlement. Promotional efforts, especially in the form of newspaper copy and photographs and radio time, reached a very happy level. The project - and its intent- is now much better known to New Brunswickers thanks to these informational efforts, and to our having at least a portion of the site open to visitors during the summer season. 33

By Way of Concluding The Kings Landing project has encountered many vicissitudes including inflation, delays in implementation, difficulties in recruiting and developing expertise, a difficult site and changes in senior personnel. More than this, it cannot be classed as a routine undertaking and is considered by many to be a pilot project, with all that term implies. Despite these facts however, Kings Landing shows every sign of providing the benefits originally intended: employment, preservation of part of the region's history being destroyed by the flooding of the St. John, a major tourist attraction, and a largely self-supporting project with a staff of some hundred and twenty full and part-time persons. GEORGE MacBEATH, Acting Director 34

LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY 37

LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY The Legislative Library became a branch of Historical Resources Administration on February 1, 1971. The Provincial Archivist was appointed Acting Legislative Librarian. Background A clear decision on the future of the Legislative Library may be shaped in part by an assessment of its background. The Library may in a sense be regarded as the victim of its own long and distinguished past. Throughout its lite, it has served the members of the Legislative Assembly, it has acted as a public library and it has grown into a general reference library for departments of Government. It has also accumulated one of t~ finest collections of "Canadians" in the Province, and in particular of local books on the history of New Brunswick; it has a fine collection of travel literature. Many years of devoted work by Legislative Librarians in the past have secured this valuable resource for the Province - especially the work of Mr. Maurice Boone who retired late in 1970 after twenty years in the position. The Problem The difficulty is that the Legislative Library is no longer the principal library for general reading in t~ Province but is one of many, and its original function as a kind of "gentleman's library" at the service of the Province no longer has the validity it once had. For this reason, the role of the Library today has been called in question; its survival and expansion can only be guaranteed by developing its services to the Legislature and to the Public Service so that it will become the central library of government, coordinating the resources of departmental libraries in relation to its own holdings and those of the University of New Brunswick close by. Future Policy: General The Legislative Library is full to capacity, and hence if there is to be any development of one section as against another, some space must be made. The main purpose of the Library is to serve the members of the Legislature through the provision of works of reference on parliamentary matters both in Canada and abroad, constitutional law, biographies of parliamentarians and certain other categories of general works; In addition, there must be available all the printed and mimeographed reports 38

of Government departments and the file series of the proceedings of the House from the earliest times. There should be available a wide range of statistical information on the Province and on other Provinces for comparison to supplement that which Statistics Canada publishes, and it may be that this kind of resource will improve if Professor Larsen's "Statistical Information Systems Study" now in progress brings results. Government departments would not only require this kind of statistical information and other government publications but also technical books within their own specialized fields. This service has already been supplied by the Library to some extent, and should continue to be the main emphasis of the Library's development. For this reason, space must be found to provide the necessary growth. Provision has been made in the Estimates for 1971 ;72 for increased salaries, additional staff and an extension of the Library which will more than double its present size, but even so a great deal of material which is little used has been shelved in an old basement and will have to be transferred to the Provincial Archives. During the ensuing period, alter~ atlons to the Library would be supervised, and additional staff, including a new Director, recruited. HUGH A. TAYLOR, Acting Legislative Librarian 39

THE NEW BRUNSWICK MUSEUM 41

THE NEW BRUNSWICK MUSEUM The full report of The New Brunswick Museum has been printed and distributed separately. This report is a summary of activities for the period April 1, 1970 to March 31, 1971. The New Brunswick Museum continues with its programme of long range development. A report on the organization and future growth is presently under preparation and will be presented to the Minister of Education shortly. The number of visitors during this year rose to new heights from 46,000 in 1967 to over 70,000 this year. The local and tourist response shows the wide interest a good museum commands. In order to extend the services of the Museum beyond the walls, a series of travelling exhibitions have been constructed. These are being circulated to ten regional population centres in the Province and are being done in collaboration with the regional schools. Exhibits on New Brunswick Indians, Seashore Ecology, 19th and 20th Century Art, and Environmental Pollution are being placed for one month in each of the following communities: Moncton, Sackville, Chatham, Caraquet, Bathurst, Campbellton, Edmundston, Woodstock, St. Stephen, and Grand Manan. The re-designed King George VI Hall. 42

Major gallery renovation during the year concentrated on bringing the King George VI Hall up to modern standards for the display of art works, without affecting its use as an auditorium. By use of hinged panels that swing out from the walls, we were able to effectively double the existing wall space. When not in use the panels can be swung back against the walls. This with other modifications has made the Hall one of our finest rooms. Much behind-the-scenes work has been carried out this year in order that our resources are more available to students, teachers and scholars. In October a Registrar was hired whose task is the keeping of records pertaining to objects in the collections, their location and condition. Since this appointment much work in the storage areas has been accomplished to facilitate the storage and retrieval of objects for study and ;or exhibition. The building suffers from extreme dryness especially in the winter months, a situation that has been partially alleviated by installation of room humidifiers. Extreme dryness is nearly as serious a problem to artifacts as excess humidlty, since objects of wood, ivory and fabrics tend to deterioriate rapidly under these conditions. ftems from the Puddington Collection as used for Museum Memo. 43