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What is Cuban Missile Crisis?
What we will discuss in this video? What is Cuban Missile Crisis? Why did the Cuban missile crisis happen? Effects of the crisis on global scenario?
What is Cuban Missile Crisis?
The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis was a 13-day (October 16-28 1962) confrontation between the Soviet Union and Unites States of America This is perhaps the closest that the United States and the Soviet Union came to nuclear war during the Cold war.
Leading up to the crisis It was started when Bay of Pigs Invasion, a failed military invasion which was backed by CIA, was launched to overthrow the government of Cuba led by Socialist leader Fidel Castro. The Bay of Pigs invasion was a failed CIA planned invasion of Cuba where 1,400 Cubans who fled Cuba invaded Cuba, but they where outnumbered by Fidel Castro's troops and surrendered after less than 24 hours of fighting. In response, Cuban leader Fidel Castro, aligned himself with the Soviet Union.
Balance of power: The United States had installed several nuclear missile sites in Italy and Turkey with the range to strike Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union. Militarily weaker than NATO, Khrushchev wanted to install Soviet R-12 Medium Range Ballistic Missile nuclear missiles on Cuba to even the power balance. Khrushchev urges to Castro for deployment of MRBM in this Caribbean island nation. They decided to work together and have the Soviet Union put nuclear missiles in Cuba that could strike most any portion of the USA.
How the crisis began: On October 14, 1962 an American U-2 spy plane flying over Cuba captured pictures of long range Soviet missiles in Cuba. President Kennedy was briefed about the situation on October 16, and he immediately called together a group of advisors and officials known as the executive committee, or ExCom. They considered a number of options from diplomacy to a full scale attack and invasion on Cuba. He Ordered to put Cuba under Quarantine instead of Naval blockade.
Negotiations: They were started negotiations to solve this issues. Eventually the two sides reached an agreement. The Soviet Union would remove the missiles from Cuba as long as the United States agreed to never invade Cuba again. In secret, the US also had to agree to remove their nuclear missiles from Turkey and Italy. The crisis was over.
Aftermath Soviet agreed to dismantle its missile in exchange of promise by US leaders not to invade Cuba. American policy makers also agreed to withdraw their nation s missiles from Turkey. The diplomatic significance of Cuban Missile Crisis was the establishment of hotline post crisis between convoys of Moscow and Washington DC better known as Red Line, Red Hotline or Red Telephone.